Chinese Societies Research Articles

화인 민족공동체의 형성과 발전 : 동남아시아 화인사단(社團)을 중심으로

The culture of ethnic communities of Overseas Chinese, which was formed based on the long tradition, has built a global network through a few stages of development through a long migration history. The early stage of the Overseas Chinese community began with an exclusive meeting (organization) for other regions, mainly in the area of origin (hometown, dialect). Second, it is the nationalization stage. As the Overseas Chinese societies entered the settlement period through the localization process, they developed in a way that is beneficial to the Overseas Chinese societies, which are the fateful communities of the residence countries, beyond the native regions (hometown). The Overseas Chinese Community goes through the process of economic cooperation, concentrating more on economic activities rather than political ones. finally, it is a globalization phase. The foundation of the global network was established by holding international meetings with the global groups of the world beyond the Southeast Asian region centered on the blood relatives and regionalism.

Development and Validation of a Questionnaire on Chinese Parents’ Beliefs in Parental Roles and Responsibilities

Parental beliefs concerning parental roles and responsibilities are a crucial domain in the study of parental cognitions, an emic measure of which is not available in Chinese societies. In the context of a mixed-methods study on generational shifts in parental beliefs of five cohorts of Chinese parents in Hong Kong, we developed and validated a culturally- and diachronically-sensitive quantitative measure of parental beliefs on parental roles and responsibilities. A non-random proportionate sample (N = 5,707) of 5 generational cohorts of parents (the earliest cohort being parents of young children in the 1970’s and before) responded to a questionnaire of parental beliefs. An exploratory factor analysis of the data collected from the first sub-sample (n = 2,925) yielded a 23-item fivefold factor structure. A confirmatory factor analysis of the data collected from the second sub-sample (n = 2,596) demonstrated an acceptable model fit. The discovered factors pointed to parental beliefs clustered around five sets of parental roles and responsibilities: (1) parental nurturance of children; (2) parenthood as a normative life stage; (3) parental guidance of the young; (4) fulfilling children’s needs; and (5) readiness to relax and restrict parental control. Cross-cohort analysis confirms the presence of significant generational differences in all 5 sets of parental beliefs. This emic quantitative measure provides a culturally-sensitive scale for studying parental beliefs about parental roles and responsibilities in a Chinese cultural context.

Comparison of Development Mechanism Between Chinese and World-renowned Cancer Societies

Comparison of Development Mechanism Between Chinese and World-renowned Cancer Societies

Patriotic Cooperation: The Border Services of the Church of Christ in China and Chinese Church-State Relations, 1920s–1950s. By Diana Juno. Religion in Chinese Societies 12. Leiden: Brill, 2017. xiii + 403 pages. Hardcover. isbn 978-90-04-34175-3. us$178.

Patriotic Cooperation: The Border Services of the Church of Christ in China and Chinese Church-State Relations, 1920s–1950s. By Diana Juno. Religion in Chinese Societies 12. Leiden: Brill, 2017. xiii + 403 pages. Hardcover. isbn 978-90-04-34175-3. us$178.

Development and Validation of a Filial Piety Scale for Chinese Elders in Contemporary China.

This study was designed to validate the newly developed Filial Piety Scale for Chinese Elders (FPSCE) in measuring elders' filial norms in contemporary China by administering questionnaire survey with 521 elders aged 70 years and older in Beijing, China. Validity and reliability tests were applied. Through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, a conceptually meaningful three-factor model with 12 items was obtained, consisting of "caring for parents," "familial entirety," and "familial aspiration." The FPSCE showed good internal consistency, satisfactory discriminant validity, criterion-related validity, and significant correlations for some variables related to demographic characteristics, health status, and financial condition. The construction of the FPSCE indicates that elders' understanding of filial piety and their expectation of their children may have changed. The FPSCE shows that contemporary elders in China hold less authoritative but more reciprocal stances toward filial piety. The FPSCE can be used to advance the contextualized understanding of filial piety in contemporary Chinese societies, to help facilitate the development of family-friendly policies in aging societies, and to meet the challenges associated with an accelerating aging population.

Romantic involvement and adolescents' academic and psychosocial functioning in Chinese societies

This study explores the effects of romantic involvement and dating behaviors on adolescent academic and psychosocial functioning in Chinese societies, where adolescent dating is generally discouraged and believed to generate adverse outcomes. Adolescents (male = 48.6%; MeanAge = 15.20 years) from Taiwan (N = 1081) and mainland China (N = 684) were recruited through stratified sampling to complete self-report surveys on their academic performance, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, relationship status, and gender-role beliefs. Adolescents with current or past dating experiences were also asked about specific dating behaviors, such as the onset of dating, number of relationships, and breakup experiences. Approximately one-third of Chinese adolescents surveyed (34.2%) have past or ongoing dating experience, who showed poorer academic performance compared to never-dated teens. In the full sample, single adolescents with past dating experiences reported greater depressive symptoms than those currently dating or never-dated teens. Boys with past dating experience showed higher self-esteem than their currently dating or never-dated peers, whereas single girls with past dating experience showed lower self-esteem than their currently dating or never-dated counterparts. Among adolescents with dating experience, early dating, over-dating, sexual activities, and breakup experiences can undermine their academic and psychosocial well-being. These findings have significant implications for practice and policy regarding adolescent education and mental health.

Seeking Help for Mental Health Problems in Hong Kong: The Role of Family.

Family members, rather than mental health professionals, are often the first responders for emotional or mental problems, particularly in Chinese societies where family is regarded as the primary care unit. Using data from the third wave of a representative sample of Chinese adults in the Hong Kong Panel Study of Social Dynamics, we investigate how family, and particularly family functioning, is associated with individual mental health help seeking and perceived barriers to professional service use, and how the associations vary across different generations of immigrants and between individuals with high versus low psychological distress. Our results demonstrate that family is still the primary source of help sought for mental health problems. Stronger family functioning is particularly significant for second-generation immigrants when they consider seeking help from immediate family members. Seeking professional help is uncommon, and stronger family functioning is associated with a lower probability of seeking help from general health professionals and alternative services. A well-functioning family is related to certain structural and cultural barriers to seeking professional help, yet trust in professional mental health services does not diminish along with stronger family functioning, even among the high psychological distress subgroup. The findings indicate that family can facilitate mental illness prevention and service integration. It is recommended that appropriate family support and services be incorporated into mental health treatment according to clients' differential family circumstances.

Contributors

Previous article FreeContributorsPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailQR Code SectionsMoreYI-LIN CHIANG ([email protected]) is an assistant professor of sociology at National Chengchi University. Her research focuses on education, family, and social inequality in Chinese societies using qualitative and quantitative methods. Currently she is examining status attainment among elite adolescents. She is also interested in how families transmit privilege across multiple generations.YULIA KUZMINA ([email protected]) is a research fellow at the Center for Monitoring the Quality of Education at the Institute of Education at the National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia. Her research focuses on the issues of development of students’ intrinsic motivation and academic self-concept and gender inequality in STEM domains.MARIE LALL ([email protected]) is professor of education and South Asian studies at the UCL Institute of Education. She specializes in political issues and education in India, Pakistan, and Myanmar and has over 25 years experience in the region. She also works more broadly on citizenship, ethnic peace, and conflict issues. Her book Understanding Reforms in Myanmar was published in 2016.RAN LIU ([email protected]) is currently a PhD candidate in sociology at the University of Pennsylvania. Her dissertation is a comparative study focusing on gender inequality in STEM education using cross-national survey data.PRASHANT LOYALKA ([email protected]) is an assistant professor (GSE) and Center Research Fellow (FSI) at Stanford University. He is also a visiting faculty member at the National Research University Higher School of Economics and Henan University. His research focuses on addressing inequalities in and improving the quality of the education of youth internationally.RYOJI MATSUOKA ([email protected]) is an assistant professor at the Center for International Education, Waseda University, Japan. His research focuses on understanding mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of inequality in Japan and other societies from comparative and international perspectives (e.g., “Emerging Inequality in Effort” published in Social Science Research).ASHLEY SOUTH ([email protected]) is a part-time research fellow at the Center for Ethnic Studies and Development, Chiang Mai University. He has 15 years of experience as an independent researcher, a senior advisor at Covenant Consult, and analyst working in Myanmar, Thailand, and the Philippines (Mindanao). Dr. South holds a PhD from the Australian National University and a master’s degree from SOAS (University of London).KEITA TAKAYAMA ([email protected]) is an associate professor in the School of Education, University of New England, Australia. In 2017, he coedited with Arathi Sriprakash and Raewyn Connell the blue-cover special issue of CER: “Contesting Coloniality: Rethinking Knowledge Production and Circulation in Comparative and International Education.” He was the 2010 recipient of the George Bereday Award from CIES.ANDREY ZAKHAROV ([email protected]) is the head of the International Laboratory for Education Policy Analysis at the National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia. His research focuses on socioeconomic inequality in education, and estimation of school and teacher quality effects on students’ academic outcomes. Previous article DetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 62, Number 4November 2018 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/699670 © 2018 by the Comparative and International Education Society. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

“My youth, I call the shots”: A qualitative examination of university students' perspectives on life transition and identity development in China

There is a dearth of empirical evidence in Chinese societies to explore young people's identity development process in life transition from adolescence to adulthood. Using a qualitative methodology, this study conducted in-depth interviews with 18 Chinese university students in Shanghai, China. Participants had a mean age of 20.68 years (SD = 2.13). The sample consisted of eight men and ten women. Thematic analysis focusing on identifiable themes and patterns of experience and behavior was used in this study. Results indicated that in planning their lives and experimenting with new social roles, young people actively generated resources embedded in family relationships, peer groups, and other institutional networks. They recognized the changing family dynamics, enhanced peer networks, and received institutional support. Accordingly, they constructed a self that was more filial to parents, more exploratory toward life opportunities, and more oriented in a career than their previous selves.

Dyslexia in Chinese

We highlight the nature of dyslexia across Chinese societies. The review includes an overview of some main differences across societies that may influence the nature of dyslexia (including script, language, and educational variations), the social context of Chinese learning, and the cognitive-linguistic aspects of learning Chinese. We also list some basic criteria for the diagnosis of dyslexia and point out some promising remediation techniques. Focusing on the cognitive-linguistic skills of phonological sensitivity, morphological awareness, visual-orthographic processing, and fluency for identifying and remediating dyslexia is key. Those with dyslexia tend to have difficulties with one or more of these constructs. Thus, training studies focused on improving these skills have led to improvements in character and word-reading overall. The underlying mechanisms of dyslexia in Chinese are increasingly better understood. A focus on improving cognitive-linguistic skills is essential for ameliorating severe reading problems in Chinese.

Conundrum between internationalisation and interdisciplinarity: reflection on the development of medical humanities in Hong Kong, Taiwan and China.

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. This article reviews the development of medical humanities pedagogies in Taiwan, China and Hong Kong. We reflect on the curricula formation and implementation regarding their interdisciplinary nature and pointout the challenges educators face under the climate of current university practices. We first indicatethat the emergence of medical humanities in the three societies was enabled by various social forces across the Strait. It also depended on opportunities offered by the higher education reform. We then providea detailed experience of interdisciplinary team building at The University of Hong Kong, followed by a critical reflection on the challenges of medical humanities along the pursuit of internationalisation among universities in three Chinese societies. We find that the clashing objectives under universities' strategic planning framework could lead to changes in work environments and research practices, hampering the design and the delivery of the curricula. In the end, the idealised promise of the interdisciplinarity of such curricula could become fugacious.

Religiosity and citizenship values in Chinese language textbooks

Abstract Recent years have seen an increase in the number of studies of the impact of religious faiths on citizens’ values in several Chinese societies, but little is known about the position and role schooling has had in relation to the rise of religious activity, especially in Mainland China. Drawing on data from Chinese language textbooks at both the primary and secondary level, this study examines the intersection of religiosities and state-prescribed values in the national curriculum in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The wide coverage of different themes related to social life in the Chinese language curriculum may present different understandings of religiosities than the Marxist interpretation of religious phenomenon in other social studies subjects in China. This study’s research findings suggest that representations of religious traditions are integral to depictions of the Chinese nation, including interpretations of the nation’s cultural traditions, architecture, history and literature. Moreover, the religious narratives identified in the textbooks tend to be more associated with the transmission of positive values, for example dedication, love, caring for nature, and a respect for diversity.

Parenting Discrepancy and Child Development in Chinese Context

Although parent–child discrepant perception of the family has been increasingly noted in the west, pertinent research is limited in Chinese societies. In addition, prior pertinent studies predominantly treated parent–child discrepant effects as independent of the general and aggregate family context, which are in fact inseparable. Furthermore, these studies tended to either look at the positive side of child outcomes or those negative ones. The present study, based on a community sample of 223 Chinese parent–child dyads, attempted to examine effects of parent–child discrepancy in effective parenting practices on both children’s positive, i.e. self-control and other perspective taking behavior, and negative outcomes, i.e. internalizing and externalizing problems, directly or indirectly through the mediator of children’s self-concept at the aggregate effective parenting context. Results largely support harmful effects of parent–child discrepancy in effective parenting on the child outcomes directly or indirectly through children’s self-concept. Besides, aggregate effective parenting practices are found to robustly contribute to the child outcomes directly and indirectly through children’s self-concept, even taking parent–child discrepant effects into account. What’s more important, the former is significantly moderated by the latter for its effects on the child outcomes, explicating the conditional nature of parent–child discrepant effects on child development. Contributions and implications of the current study applied in Chinese culture as well as future study directions are also discussed.

The impact of job and family factors on work stress and engagement among Hong Kong police officers

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of demands from three life domains: society, workplace and family and different resources at the individual, family and supervisor levels on occupational stress and work engagement among Hong Kong police officers.Design/methodology/approachA survey based on a random sample of 514 male and female police officers was conducted, and multivariate regression was employed to assess the effects of demands and resources on work stress and work engagement.FindingsFamily–work conflicts, organizational and operational factors affected work stress and work engagement among police officers. Constructive coping was found to be positively related to work stress and negatively associated with work engagement.Research limitations/implicationsSurvey data collected from a single Chinese city may not be generalized to officers in other parts of China or Chinese societies with different social and political contexts.Originality/valueThe present study filled the knowledge gap about factors influencing police stress and engagement. This study provides insights into how to establish relevant contextual measures to reduce police work stress. This study represents one of the first attempts to use a random sample of police officers for the investigation of police stress in Hong Kong.

Print, Profit, and Perception: Ideas, Information and Knowledge in Chinese Societies, 1895–1949., edited by Pei-yin Lin and Weipin Tsai

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS INTRODUCTION Pei-yin Lin & Weipin Tsai Chinese modernities revisited: globalization and localization Fluid modernity and ideas Print, profit and perceptions 1. CULTURAL CONNECTIONS IN A NEW GLOBAL SPACE: LI SHIZENG AND THE CHINESE FRANCOPHILE PROJECT IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY Paul J. Bailey Early years in France Sino-French cultural interaction Li Shizeng's philosophy of work-study Conclusion 2. HEALTH AND HYGIENE IN LATE QING CHINA AS SEEN THROUGH THE EYES OF JAPANESE TRAVELERS Che-chia Chang Networks of travelers Categories of traveler First impressions: Dirty! Dirty! Dirty! Understanding the Japanese viewpoint Conclusion 3. MODERNITY THROUGH EXPERIMENTATION: LU XUN AND THE MODERN CHINESE WOODCUT MOVEMENT Elizabeth Emrich Alternative modernities and Lu Xun's Grabism Lu Xun in Shanghai and his Translations on Art Lu Xun and woodcut publications Humanism and social construction in woodblock prints Lu Xun and Woodcut Print Societies Conclusion 4. TECHNOLOGY, MARKETS, AND SOCIAL CHANGE: PRINT CAPITALISM IN EARLY TWENTIETH-CENTURY CHINA Tze-ki Hon Local initiatives and domestic factors in technology transfer Markets, circulation and profits National learning as cultural capital Professional geographers and public intellectuals Conclusion 5. MEDICAL ADVERTISING AND CULTURAL TRANSLATION: THE CASE OF SHENBAO IN EARLY TWENTIETH-CENTURY CHINA Max K. W. Huang Understanding the human body in early republican China Medical Advertising and Cultural Translation Conclusion 6. PLANET IN PRINT: THE SCIENTIFIC IMAGINATION IN ZHENG KUNWU'S FICTION DURING TAIWAN'S COLONIAL PERIOD Mei-e Huang From astronomical reports to fiction writing Scientific fantasy and humanistic reality Between science fiction and detective story Conclusion 7. SHAPING PERCEPTION OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR: A STUDY OF TEXTBOOKS IN TAIWAN IN THE 1940s Shi-chi Mike Lan Presentation of the War in Japanese colonial texts before 1945 The War in Chinese nationalist texts after 1945 Localizing the War in textbooks: Before and after 1945 Conclusion 8. ENVISIONING THE READING PUBLIC - PROFIT MOTIVES OF A CHINESE-LANGUAGE TABLOID IN WARTIME TAIWAN Pei-yin Lin Positioning the Chinese-language tabloids in colonial Taiwan Chinese literati-courtesan connections and Western exotica Appropriating and speculating about love From freedom of love to condemnation of unrestrained free love Alternative modernity and re-appropriation of love Conclusion 9. THE FIRST CASUALTY: TRUTH, LIES AND COMMERCIAL OPPORTUNISM IN CHINESE NEWSPAPERS DURING THE FIRST SINO-JAPANESE WAR Weipin Tsai War reporting in the West and in China in the second half of the nineteenth century Battle-ready and eager for the fight The war for readership In the newspapers' defense Conclusion BIBLIOGRAPHY

왕징웨이(汪精衛) 난징국민정부시기 화교 송금시스템의 변화 : 중국 화남(華南)지역 사례연구

For thirteen years from 1937 to 1949, local societies in China and overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asia experienced harsh circumstances due to the continuous military conflicts of the Sino-Japanese War, Pacific War and Chinese Civil War. As fighting among the empires and political powers of Britain, Japan, the Chinese Nationalist Government, and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) reached a peak, Chinese local societies and overseas Chinese communities with their economic networks straddling between Southeast Asia and South China had to negotiate and adapt in order to survive these crises, regardless of whether they were government–affiliated or local independent subjects. This paper aims to investigate their survival capability amidst changing monetary systems of the empires and political regimes through focusing on overseas Chinese remittance business during Wang Jing-wei’s puppet-governmental era.BR The foreign exchange circulation of the overseas Chinese remittance network between Southern China (Fujian and Guangdong provinces) and Southeast Asia is the central topic of analysis in this paper. Due to the massive emigration of Chinese labourers from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century, remittances of their wages from Southeast Asia back to their hometowns in China, so-called Qiaopi, had led to a large amount of money in circulation and the dynamic functioning of a financial network in that geographical corridor. Because Chinese labourers in Southeast Asia gained their income through foreign exchange, it had to be converted to Chinese local currency for the use of their families in China. As the Chinese emigration massively increased, a large amount of foreign exchange was converted to Chinese currency and was circulated between Southeast Asia and South China.BR However, due to the invasion and subsequent occupation of Japanese empire on South China, Hong Kong and Southeast Asia, the private Qiaopi network could not be operated any more. In addition, the Qiaopi network with its massive circulation of foreign exchange soon naturally attracted close attention of Japanese empire. The Japanese empire tried to regulate the existing Qiaopi network through the Wang Jing-wei’s puppet government in order to weaken resistance of Chinese. Under this circumstances, local societies in China and overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asia showed contradictory attitudes towards the Japanese regulations.BR In particular, this paper deals with two essential overseas Chinese hometowns, Jinjiang and Shantow, to investigate reactions of them. How did local societies and overseas Chinese communities adapt to those harsh wartime circumstances? How did the Japanese established Wang Jingwei’s puppet government try to control the Qiaopi network? How did the Qiaopi network shifted its structure in face of wartime crisis? This paper aims to answer those questions.

Retrospect of Li Jingwei's 60 years research of medical history and celebration of his 90 years old

Li jingwei() reviewed his 60 years of medical history research. In 1955, he was transferred to the class of the study of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) by western medicine doctor, and start the research of medical history. He stayed in the medical history departement as a researcher, and formally worship Chen Bangxian() as his tutor. He inherited and developed Chen Bangxian's scholarship; presided over the compilation of major projects such as "the general history of Chinese medicine" and "the dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine" , He contributed to the establishment of China Institute for History of Medicine and Medical Literature, the resumption of Chinese Society of Medical History(one of Chinese Medical Association's specialty societies), reissue of Chinese journal of medical history, the establishment of the Chinese medical history museum, training of medical history literature personnel, the regularization of academic discipline. He also did works for the writing plan of the ancient Chinese surgical civilization《》, and publishing process of the English version of the general history of Chinese medicine《》, and the publishing process of the Picture album of Chinese medical and health《》.

Diana Junio: Patriotic Cooperation: The Border Services of the Church of Christ in China and Chinese Church–State Relations, 1920s–1950s. (Religion in Chinese Societies Series.) xiii, 403 pp. Leiden: Brill, 2017. ISBN 978 90 04 34175 3.

Diana Junio: Patriotic Cooperation: The Border Services of the Church of Christ in China and Chinese Church–State Relations, 1920s–1950s. (Religion in Chinese Societies Series.) xiii, 403 pp. Leiden: Brill, 2017. ISBN 978 90 04 34175 3. - Volume 81 Issue 2

Exploring Citizens’ Hierarchical Government Satisfaction: Evidence from China and Taiwan

AbstractAlthough the importance of public satisfaction is well documented, few studies have been conducted on the diversity of citizens’ evaluations of the various levels of government. This study explored hierarchical government satisfaction among the public in two culturally Chinese societies, namely China and Taiwan. Basing the analysis on the perspective of responsibility attribution, this paper proposes that the two publics’ distinctive perceptions, which are shaped by different information flows, lead hierarchical government satisfaction in the two societies in separate directions. This argument is supported by the empirical findings from the sixth wave of the World Values Survey. The findings confirm that personal evaluations, including household economic satisfaction, democratic evaluation, and public service confidence, exert more influence over local government satisfaction in China, but conversely have a greater impact on central government satisfaction in Taiwan. Moreover, these evaluations are shown to affect hierarchical government satisfaction differently in the two societies. The evidence reveals that the two publics attribute blame for problems to different administrative objects: Chinese citizens tend to blame local governments, whereas Taiwanese citizens are inclined to criticize the central government.

Cross-Cultural Perspectives on the Differences in Food and Culinary Customs between the Chinese and Shona Societies with figurative Language as Point of Reference

The present study falls under social linguistics. In this study we attempt to use figurative language to compare Chinese and Shona societies. The central argument of the research in anchored by the claim that, figurative languages are an important repository of the culture. Therefore, figurative language (hence, cultural knowledge) should be given an important position the field of Second Language Teaching. Referring to one type of figurative language, Bromley (1984) further pointed out that, idioms “… add confusion and difficulty to learning of language and so they occupy a special position in teaching of language and reading”. The research is expected to prove that language is an important repository and conduit of cultural knowledge. The research therefore advocates awareness of cultural conflict between speakers of different languages during various economic, political or social interactions. The figurative language will be grouped into 4 categories according to which aspect they show differences, namely; availability, edibility, cooking methods and eating customs.