Chinese Shipbuilding Research Articles

Impact of Global Value Chain Participation on the Performance of Shipbuilding Enterprises

In the context of increasingly interconnected production networks, the present study investigates the potential influence of Global Value Chains (GVCs) participation on the operational performance of shipbuilding enterprises. Leveraging extant scholarly contributions, this study quantifies the degree of GVCs involvement exhibited by Chinese shipbuilding enterprises over a five-year temporal span. In addition, robustness tests, endogeneity tests and heterogeneity analyses are conducted to take into account various biases and enterprise heterogeneity. The empirical outcomes of this study unveil noteworthy insights. Firstly, GVCs participation contributes to enterprise performance. Secondly, GVCs participation has different impact mechanisms on enterprises with different ownership and locations. These findings provide recommendations for both how economics can further develop their shipbuilding industries and how enterprises can improve their performance. Enterprises ought to actively engage in GVCs, concurrently strategizing to elevate their standing within such chains through concerted efforts in technological advancements.

Chinese Shipbuilding amid Historical Changes: An Overview

Abstract The most significant advance in recent years in the study of Chinese technology is the realization of China’s own achievements in producing and improving technology in a global context. Not only did the realization allow us to move away from the Western-centric narrative that pitted Chinese technology against Western science, but it also brought us to discover the Chinese people’s own identity in technological development. Because of this advance, we are now able to focus our attention on subjects such as technology’s meaning to the average person rather than the perception Chinese intellectuals had of Western science. As a contribution to that effort, this article will provide a synopsis of the history of Chinese shipbuilding from the country’s early civilization to the end of the eighteenth century. I will survey the development of Chinese shipbuilding technology as it reacted to opportunity and challenge over an historical stretch of time. I will suggest that the history of Chinese shipbuilding was marked not only by the Chinese shipbuilders’ ability to take advantage of every opportunity provided by the changes to enhance technology but also by their tenacity in the face of government restrictions on maritime activities. The combination of the two defines the history of Chinese shipbuilding.

A preliminary study on the mechanism of the Liangzhu culture’s migration across the Yangtze river

The Liangzhu culture (5300–4200 cal BP) was the most famous Neolithic culture of who settled near the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. The core and initial distribution area of Liangzhu originated around Taihu Lake, located on the south bank of the Yangtze River delta. Recently, archaeological studies believe that the Jianghuai area and Huanghuai area north of the Yangtze River are also important distribution areas of Liangzhu culture. The route for Liangzhu culture migrating across the Yangtze River is inferred as follows: One would have crossed the Yangtze River from Nanjing-Zhenjiang belt and continued to migrate northward; while the other would have crossed the River near the estuary before moving north along the ancient coastline to the Jianghuai during the late period of Liangzhu, or crossed the Yangtze River from the east of the present Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal to Jianghuai and Huanghuai. According to the formation of the Yangtze River delta during the Holocene and the evolution of the estuarine sand bar, it is believed that there were large shoals in the Yangtze River channel in the middle-Holocene. The Liangzhu ancestors around 5000 cal BP had the ability of making canoes over 8 m. Based on the archaeological research of the Neolithic period, the evolution of the Yangtze River channel in the Holocene, the history of ancient Chinese shipbuilding, and the modern examples of crossing the Yangtze River with boat, it can be concluded that the present Changzhou–Jiangyin–Zhangjiagang line should be the main and reasonable route for the Liangzhu culture migrating across the Yangtze River.

Innovation ecosystem innovation coordination management of Chinese shipbuilding enterprises

The shipbuilding industry is an important basis for China’s strategy of becoming a marine power. Promoting the innovative development of the shipbuilding industry is important means for China to build a marine power. Based on the analysis of the mechanism of the innovation ecosystem of shipbuilding enterprises, this paper studies the level of the coordinated development of the coupling between the internal innovation and the external environment of shipbuilding enterprises, quantitatively measures the overall coupling coordination degree of the innovation ecosystem of shipbuilding enterprises, and analyzes the coordinated development of the innovation coupling of various shipbuilding enterprises. The innovation and development of shipbuilding enterprises not only depend on their own innovation investment, but also have an important relationship with the external environment of the enterprises, and then give relevant enlightenment from the enterprise itself and the government.

Effects of Intellectual and Social Alignment on Organizational Agility: A Configurational Theory Approach

Literature has shown that business-information technology (IT) alignment can exert both positive and negative influences on organizational agility, giving rise to the IT alignment-agility paradox. To better understand this paradox at a more granular level, we conceptualize the sensing and responding dimensions of organizational agility as two independent constructs and suggest a nonlinear analytical approach. Based on configurational and contextual perspectives, this study investigates how intellectual and social alignment and organizational and environmental elements combine into multiple configurations to affect sensing and responding capabilities. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) is used to analyze the survey data from 135 dyads of business and IT executives from the Chinese shipbuilding industry. Results show that different equifinal pathways can be used to achieve high sensing and responding capabilities, in which intellectual and social alignment play heterogeneous roles depending on the specific contexts. This study extends the ITenabled agility literature by deepening our understanding of the effects of multidimensional IT alignment on multidimensional organizational agility and providing new insights into the IT alignment-agility paradox.

The Game Theoretical Model for the “Go Global” Strategy of Chinese Ship Building Industry

Ding, S., 2019. The game theoretical model for the “go global” strategy of Chinese ship building industry. In: Gong, D.; Zhu, H., and Liu, R. (eds.), Selected Topics in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 94, pp. 416–421. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.This paper studied the “go global” strategy of ship building industry in China. This paper proposed two game models to analyze the situation faced by the ship building industry in China. The paper first considered the “country selection” problem (CS problem) to shed light on the situation when trying to find a right partner to fulfill the “go global” strategy. The results showed the conditions that guarantee the go global cooperation becomes a dominant strategy Nash Equilibrium. Then, the paper considered the “product or technology” problem (POT problem) to discuss the “go global” mode, i.e. what should be exported to the other country. The results showed that even technology export may generate more payoffs to China, the more likely cooperation mode will be the product export. Based on the results of the paper, some practical suggestions have been made to the “go global” strategy. As far as we know, this paper is the first paper which studies the “go global” strategy of Chinese ship building industry by game theory.

Research on Financing Methods of China’s Shipbuilding

Internationally, shipbuilding industry is in the low stage of development and its financing is in trouble now. According to Petrofin Research, a research firm, since the financial crisis in 2008, the global total ship financing has been reduced, and European banks tend to take a tightening policy towards shipbuilding financing, as the world’s top 40 banks reduce investment in shipbuilding industry year after year. In addition, shipping market is also sluggish, of which the global container shipping company in 2011 caused a total loss of up to 5.2 billion US dollars, and the BDI index fell below the lowest point in 26 years. In recent years, although the shipping market has occasionally recovered, but is only a flash in the pan, still difficult to get out of the stagnant situation. With western Banks reducing their support for ship financing, the ship industry began to shift to the east, especially China, and Chinese Banks were gradually favored by the outside world. However, Chinese Banks is less contact with the ship financing, and lack of industry experience, their financing model of the industry is not mature, combined with the high risk characteristics of shipbuilding industry, ordinary financial institutions and shipbuilding enterprises have no systematic understanding of risk influencing factors and preventive measures of shipbuilding enterprises’ financing. Under such circumstances, the financing difficulty of Chinese shipbuilding enterprises is even more difficult. This paper expounds the relevant theoretical basis and development status of ship financing, and summarizes the current situation of financing domestic and abroad and the main financing methods, as well as problems faced by shipbuilding enterprises during financing process. At the same time, this paper adopts the method of combination of factor analysis and multiple regression analysis to analyze the sample data of 12 listed shipbuilding enterprises in China during the five-year period of market downturn, to construct a financing mode selection model, and then provide scientific reference for the financing mode selection of shipbuilding enterprises.

Detection and Impact of Industrial Subsidies: The Case of Chinese Shipbuilding

This paper provides a model-based empirical strategy to, (i) detect the presence and gauge the magnitude of government subsidies and (ii) quantify their impact on production reallocation across countries, industry prices, costs and consumer surplus. I construct and estimate an industry model that allows for dynamic agents in both demand and supply and apply my strategy to world shipbuilding, a classic target of industrial policy. I find strong evidence consistent with China having intervened and reducing shipyard costs by 13-20%, corresponding to 1.5 to 4.5 billion US dollars, between 2006 and 2012. The subsidies led to substantial reallocation of ship production across the world, with Japan, in particular, losing significant market share. They also misaligned costs and production, while leading to minor surplus gains for shippers.

A Large and Heavy Cargo Transport System Designed for Small and Medium Ship Maintenance and Repair

In order to cope with the significant decrease in shipbuilding market demand and shipbuilding overcapacity, Chinese shipbuilding enterprises are actively restructuring production and seeking new business opportunities in the ship maintenance and repair sector. Many small and medium shipyards lack large shipbuilding facilities such as docks. Therefore, they are facing great difficulty in switching to ship maintenance and repair business. The authors designed a practical and economical cargo transport system that is suitable for transporting large and heavy cargos (specifically, ships) in small and medium shipyards. The system design considers the market requirement and the characteristics of heavy-lifts material handling in the ship and maritime engineering. In this system, with integrated control technology, a hydraulic pallet transporter can dive to be under a ship, clamp the ship bottom and push the ship up. Automatic variable pumps are used to control the diving, floating, lifting, depressing, and braking of the transporter flatbeds. By using this system, a ship can be moved from water to land safely and smoothly for repair or maintenance, or moved from land back to water. This method allows ships of under 10,000 gas turbine (GT) to be repaired and maintained without docks. The system has been implemented in a shipyard. The case study demonstrates that the transport system can help bring in new business opportunities in ship maintenance and repair for small and medium shipyards, effectively improve ship maintenance and repair environment, and reduce maintenance and repair cycle time. 1. Introduction The maritime and shipping industry has been important to many coastal countries. As a major maritime and shipping power in the world, China has numerous ships of many types. Each year a large number of ships need scheduled service, maintenance, and repair. The market for ship maintenance and repair has a tremendous potential with the increasing revenue in the past years. Statistics have shown that in 2015, the ship maintenance and repair service in China has generated the revenue of 12.9 billion RMB (nearly US$2 Billion), and 3740 ships were repaired and maintained. This is an increase of 9.6% on the year-on-year growth rate. Table 1 lists the major shipbuilding enterprises in China, their ship maintenance and repair completion value, and number of completed ships.

Coupling Mechanism and Coupling Degree Measurement Model of Shipbuilding Industry Cluster

Abstract This article was aimed to analyse the working condition of the coupling mechanism in Chinese shipbuilding industry cluster. Literature review was conducted to unveil the coupling mechanism of shipbuilding industry cluster, providing analysis of the present development of shipbuilding industry. A theoretical model was proposed by using the efficacy function and the capacity of the coupling coefficient while measuring the coupling of the shipbuilding industry cluster. Four coupling characteristics were found including relevant, systemic, diversity, and collaborative in the shipbuilding industry cluster. The shipbuilding industry cluster has two levels of coupling mechanism including the core layer coupling mechanism and the support layer coupling mechanism respectively. The improvement through coupling the core layer, support layer, and the coupling between two levels, is an effective way to achieve long-term stable development in Chinese shipbuilding industry cluster.

Low-Carbon Ship Technology Based on Ship Energy Efficiency Rules

IMO has discussed and adopted the new Chapter 4 of MARPOL Annex VI, which is an amendment on the ship energy efficiency rules. It limits CO2 emissions from ships by technical, operational and market-based measures. It will have a profound impact on the shipbuilding industry and shipping enterprises. By participating in the negotiations and striking for growth, the Chinese government authorities have provided funding, policy and technical support for the Chinese shipbuilding industry and shipping enterprises. It is the inevitable choice for China to develop the core technology and innovation capability in low-carbon ships with reference to foreign technical experience and achieve substantial results.

Fuzzy Expert System for the Competitiveness Evaluation of Shipbuilding Companies

The world's shipbuilding industry as well as shipping industry is going through some unprecedented recession period in recent years. Shipbuilding companies in China have suffered a lot and many are now focusing on improving their competitiveness to survive the recession. The evaluation of a company's competitiveness is difficult considering the high level of uncertainty involved. This paper is a preliminary attempt to evaluate the competitiveness of Chinese shipbuilding companies using Fuzzy Expert System. An example system is presented in this paper which has shown its adoptability. With a larger and better intelligent database system established in the future, more accurate and reliable results can be achieved, which could help the practitioners in the shipbuilding industry to better understand and predict their companies' competitiveness.

How would EEDI influence Chinese shipbuilding industry?

This paper is a preliminary attempt to illustrate how the shipbuilding industry in China would be influenced by the implementation of International Maritime Organization's Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), a measure on the amount of CO2 emitted by a ship for one unit of cargo carried. It is supposed to promote more energy-efficient ship designs and gradually reduce the emissions from the world fleet, as CO2 emissions from shipping account for a larger proportion of all global emissions of the greenhouse gas (GHG). However, the implementation of EEDI is not easy given the number of stakeholders involved, the split incentives and the lack of technical knowhow in some of the major shipbuilding countries such as China. This paper identifies the characteristics of energy consumption in shipping and the stakeholders involved in the EEDI application process, analyses the relationships among stakeholders in the shipbuilding industry in China, and points out the drivers and barriers in the implementation. It also discusses the impacts of EEDI on Chinese shipbuilding industry, and explores future scenarios including the possible income and China's position in the global shipbuilding industry using the two cases of typical Chinese shipbuilding firms. Some policy recommendations are provided to the shipbuilders and the governments, to promote the objective of the GHG reduction as well as the development of Chinese shipbuilding industry. Finally, it concludes that EEDI has profound impacts on not only China but also all shipbuilding countries around the world, and it may even trigger another migration of shipbuilding industry in the future.

Evaluation and Improvement of Shipbuilding Capability of China

There are many thorny problems in our country, such as the security of sea lanes. To deal with these problems, China needs to develop sophisticated naval force, and warship industry is the key factor to improve Chinese navy. Chinese warship industrial capacity is evaluated by using the assessment system. According to the results and existing researches, strategies for improving Chinese shipbuilding industry capability is built from five aspects. It is the reference to strengthen Chinese warship industrial capacity, improve navy’s core competence, thus secure Chinese territory and marine economy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i3.2216

Price formation of dry bulk carriers in the Chinese shipbuilding industry

In this paper, we present, for the first time, the price formation of Chinese dry bulk carriers based on the historical shipbuilding contract prices. Price determinants include generic market factors as well as Chinese elements. Principal component regression analysis is employed as the solution for the multicollinearity problem among explanatory variables. The result indicates that the time charter rate has the most significant positive impact on shipbuilding price; increases in three other factors, namely the cost of shipbuilding, the price-cost margin and the shipbuilding capacity utilisation, have positive influences in the descending order. Unlike the traditional perception of newbuilding price that shipbuilding cost has the most significant effect, we assert that the most important role the time charter rate plays is attributed mainly to the ‘China Factor’ in the bulk carrier sector. In addition, simulations are performed to investigate what would happen to the Chinese dry bulk carrier prices under changes in the time charter rate and shipbuilding cost. The findings are useful for Chinese shipyards, shipowners and emerging shipbuilders.

The role of CAD application in open innovation model: innovation technology in the Chinese shipbuilding industry

Using case study on three Chinese shipbuilding firms, evidences found in this study can be used to explain the function and effects of three dimensional computer-aided design (3D CAD) application on front loading problem-solving in the process of product development. Capability of Integrating externally delivered designs is discussed and explained under the Chinese open innovation model, through the application of all-in-one featured 3D CAD system. Evidences tentatively support that in-house information technology (IT) infrastructure is complementary to 3D CAD application. Future research is expected to examine if and how an in-house IT environment contributes to developing country firms’ capability building, and facilitate the process of catching up the advanced technologies.

Analysis of Chinese Shipbuilding Industry: Strategic Lessons for India

China has today acquired the capability to build a plethora of warships, submarines and commercial ships and it has achieved this capability at a rapid pace. The achievement necessitates a study of both China's warships and commercial shipbuilding industry. This paper examines the Chinese shipbuilding industry and elucidates the roles performed by the shipyards, ancillary industries and the Government. It reveals that the primary reason for the success of Chinese shipbuilding industry is the supportive role performed by the Government, by way of introducing reforms in the economic and industrial policies and the timely moves on the part of the Chinese shipyards to improve their infrastructure and productivity.

Information Technology Challenge to the Chinese Shipbuilding Industry: A State-of-the-Art Survey

The development of global information, communication technology and advanced manufacturing technology brings challenge and opportunity for the shipbuilding industry. China, as one of the major shipbuilding countries in the world, pays much attention to strengthening its competence in this area. The paper presents a state- of-the-art survey of related key technologies and their research and application in the shipbuilding industry. A ship product data model and STEP standard are developed, and production planning and scheduling in the industry as well as agile manufacturing are described. Finally, a research project China is carrying out is introduced and suggestions to the Chinese shipbuilding industry are proposed.

Research and development of CAD/CAM in the Chinese shipbuilding industry

A brief introduction is given on the history and present situation of the research and development of the computer applications in the Chinese shipbuilding industry.Several systems developed by China State Shipbuilding Corporation are expounded in the scopes of their architectures, functions, implementations and applications.Finally, the future research target of the computer applications for Chinese shipbuilding industry is described from the author's point of view.