Chinese Poems Research Articles

Translation Quality of the Book “Poems for You: Hundreds of Modern Chinese Poems”

The purpose of the study was to explore the disparities between the original and translations of "Poetry for You: Hundreds of Contemporary Chinese Poems," and assess the quality of its translation into Lao. It was qualitative research in which the researchers identified words, expressions, and sentences. The study found that the research for inequality between the original and the translation contained 4 cases of expectation, 100 cases of humanist meaning, 30 cases of meaning, The study found that in the study of inequality between the original and the translation, there were 4 discrepancies: expectation cases: 100 cases; humanistic meaning 30 cases; meaning 34 cases; form 11 cases; It also found that there were 6 cases of misspelling. As for the quality assessment of the translation into Lao, it was found that the quality of the translation into Lao was good. It demonstrates the purpose of the author in its entirety and has a variety of translation methods, such as additional translations, cut-word translations, translations using alternate meanings, narrow meanings to wide meanings, and clear meanings as the meaning is hidden so that the content of the chapter has a deeper meaning and the reader can easily understand the meaning of the chapter. The purpose of the study was to explore the disparities between the original and translations of "Poetry for You: Hundreds of Contemporary Chinese Poems," and assess the quality of its translation into Lao. It was qualitative research in which the researchers identified words, expressions, and sentences. The study found that the research for inequality between the original and the translation contained 4 cases of expectation, 100 cases of humanist meaning, 30 cases of meaning, The study found that in the study of inequality between the original and the translation, there were 4 discrepancies: expectation cases: 100 cases; humanistic meaning 30 cases; meaning 34 cases; form 11 cases; It also found that there were 6 cases of misspelling. As for the quality assessment of the translation into Lao, it was found that the quality of the translation into Lao was good. It demonstrates the purpose of the author in its entirety and has a variety of translation methods, such as additional translations, cut-word translations, translations using alternate meanings, narrow meanings to wide meanings, and clear meanings as the meaning is hidden so that the content of the chapter has a deeper meaning and the reader can easily understand the meaning of the chapter.

Ancient Chinese Poem “The Song of Bride”: Features of Translation by A.A. Shtukin

The translation of A.A. Shtukin’s poem “The Song of the Bride”, which is part of the collection of ancient Chinese hymns and songs “Shijing”, is being considered. The relevance of the study is determined by the interest of Chinese researchers in the quality of translations of Chinese poetry into European languages, particularly Russian. There is noted interest from both Chinese and Russian researchers in the translation of the book “Shijing”, as it varies depending on the perception of foreign cultures. The features of A.A. Shtukin’s translation of the poem “The Song of the Bride” are highlighted in terms of the images he created and the linguistic specifics. It is pointed out that Shtukin’s translation of the poems from “Shijing” is recognized as one of the best. The analysis of the translation revealed the following characteristics: the preservation of the original work’s color through botanical metaphors, sound, and structural organization of the text. Some shortcomings in conveying the atmosphere of ancient Chinese lyricism from the perspective of native Chinese speakers who also speak Russian were also identified; the translation differs from the original in that it insufficiently conveys the atmosphere of ancient Chinese lyricism, which can be easily explained by the differences in worldviews among speakers of different languages.

Spontaneous movement synchrony as an exogenous source for interbrain synchronization in cooperative learning.

Learning through cooperation with conspecifics-'cooperative learning'-is critical to cultural evolution and survival. Recent progress has established that interbrain synchronization (IBS) between individuals predicts success in cooperative learning. However, the likely sources of IBS during learning interactions remain poorly understood. To address this dearth of knowledge, we tested whether movement synchrony serves as an exogenous factor that drives IBS, taking an embodiment perspective. We formed dyads of individuals with varying levels of prior knowledge (high-high (HH), high-low (HL), low-low (LL) dyads) and instructed them to collaboratively analyse an ancient Chinese poem. During the task, we simultaneously recorded their brain activity using functional near-infrared spectroscopy and filmed the entire experiment to parse interpersonal movement synchrony using the computer-vision motion energy analysis. Interestingly, the homogeneous groups (HH and/or LL) exhibited stronger movement synchrony and IBS compared with the heterogeneous group. Importantly, mediation analysis revealed that spontaneous and synchronized body movements between individuals contribute to IBS, hence facilitating learning. This study therefore fills a critical gap in our understanding of how interpersonal transmission of information between individual brains, associated with behavioural entrainment, shapes social learning. This article is part of the theme issue 'Minds in movement: embodied cognition in the age of artificial intelligence'.

Crossing boundaries in an age of post-translation studies

Abstract The cycle of symphonic songs Das Lied von der Erde was based on Die Chinesische Flöte, a German version of classical Chinese poems. As a result, Die Chinesische Flöte crossed the boundary between literature and music, encompassing intralingual, interlingual, and intersemiotic translations. While comparative textual analysis reveals that these two works made changes to the original Chinese texts, intersemiotic translation illustrates that the borders between verbal texts and nonverbal works are fluid. This post-translation study traces the translation context of Das Lied, maps Die Chinesische Flöte’s transitions between literary and musical polysystems, and traces Das Lied’s afterlife in the creation of new artworks. It concludes that poetry, music, and other art forms can mutually translate, complement, and become afterlives of one another.

The Relation Between Natsume Soseki's Chinese Poems and Ancient Chinese Poetry

As an outstanding representative of modern Japanese literature, Natsume Soseki has an important position in the history of modern Japanese literature. He is a world-renowned novelist who has written many excellent novels. However, it is far from enough to study Natsume Soseki's literature only from the aspects of novels. Throughout Natsume Soseki's life, he studied Chinese studies since childhood, has great enthusiasm and interest in Chinese literature, and has a high accomplishment in Chinese literature. However, his outstanding ability in Chinese poetry was covered up by his writing ability in novels, which did not get the attention of the academic circle. Natsume Soseki's Chinese poems are in the same vein as Chinese poems, and he draws on and learns from ancient Chinese poems in the aspects of creation techniques and theme emotions. From the perspective of cultural studies, this paper makes an in-depth study of the relationship between Natsume Soseki's Chinese poetry and ancient Chinese poetry by means of comparative study. On the basis of previous studies, this paper expounds Natsume Soseki's Chinese poetry creation and its sinology origin, analyzes and summarizes the Chinese elements in his Chinese poetry works, in order to explore Natsume Soseki's contribution to the cross-communication field of Chinese poetry between China and Japan.

Recent Research in Singing

Abstract: This “Recent Research in Singing” article chronicles three academic documents authored during 2023 and 2024. Dissertations by Osman, Amanda, “Lost Voices: A Survey of Knowledge of Temporal Mandibular Joint Disorder and Muscle Tension Dysphonia in the Professional Voice Studio”; Sowell, Bradley Thomas, “An Analysis of Ben Moore’s Comedy Songs Using J. Peter Burkholder’s Music-Borrowing Techniques”; and You, Mengxi, “A Comprehensive Study of Alexander Tcherepnin’s Op. 71, Seven Songs on Chinese Poems With Musical Analysis and Historical Context.” Each includes a complete bibliographic citation and an Author/ProQuest abstract.

A Woman Warrior in Alternative Voices: Analysing English and French Translations of the Chinese Classic Mulan Ci ( “The Ballad of Mulan”)

ABSTRACT “The Ballad of Mulan” (Mulan Ci (<木蘭辭>)) is a widely recited folk poem in Chinese culture. It celebrates the filial piety and courage of the heroine, Mulan, who has joined the army on behalf of her father to defend her homeland. Not only is this story passed down across generations and familiar to the Chinese people, but it is also widely known globally by its various forms of adaptations and translations. This article investigates, from a perspective informed by feminist translation criticism, the representative English and French translations of the Chinese poem conducted by renowned translators. Based on the inadequate translations in presenting the woman warrior’s voice, the article argues that translation is a gendered activity where a translator’s gender cultural presuppositions play a significant role in the translation. It is found that the Western male translators have projected their stereotypical perceptions about the literary image of Chinese women in their interpretation of Mulan and adopted the position of speaking for the female protagonist by making up a faked female voice in their translations. Mulan’s subjectivity as a legendary woman has been reconstructed in the translations due to the absence of the translators’ gender sensitivity in rendering gender-related text.

Exploring Thematic Diversity in Classical Chinese Poetry: A Novel Dataset and a BERT-enhanced Ensemble Learning Approach

Classical Chinese poetry, as an essential aspect of cultural heritage, exhibits rich theme diversity often overlooked in natural language processing research. To address this gap, we aim to explore the classification of thematic categories within this literary domain. We curate a dataset of 2,918 annotated poems spanning seven common themes and propose a BERT-based ensemble learning approach for effective classification. Although this method integrates existing models, it achieves an accuracy and F1 score of over 72% in the 7-class task, surpassing established baselines, and providing a baseline for future research. The experimental findings reveal the effectiveness of ensemble strategies in improving individual base model performance and highlight the potential of the MLP-based ensemble technique. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of thematic categories and textual features in classical Chinese poetry, and offers an automated classification system for classical Chinese poems.

A relational background knowledge boosting based topic model for Chinese poems

Classical Chinese poetry has been increasingly popular in recent years, and modeling its topic is quite a promising area of research. Chinese poems have the characteristic of short in length, but traditional topic models perform poorly when faced with short texts due to the text sparsity. Therefore, topic model should be improved to satisfy the scenario of classical Chinese poems. In this paper, a relational background knowledge boosting based topic model (RBKBTM) was proposed to overcome the text sparsity of Chinese poems. We incorporated background information into the model, which expanded the text content from the semantic perspective. The background knowledge was combined using word embedding and TextRank and was then fed into the core computing process. Subsequently, a new sampling formula was derived. Our proposed model was tested on three different tasks using three different datasets. The results demonstrate that the incorporated background knowledge can effectively overcomes text sparsity, improving the performance and effectiveness of the topic model.

근현대 한시에 나타난 경주 관광 체험의 문학적 형상화 양상

Although various studies have been submitted on the response of new intellectuals to the special situation of Japanese colonial era and the representation of modern literature, this paper attempted to reveal the aspects of literary representation and the response of traditional scholars who have continued to live. In order to examine the special aspects of traditional scholars who have been pushed out of the mainstream since the introduction of new learning in modern times, the space called “Gyeongju,” which is called “the ancient city of a millennium” and is still a place for the creation of literary works today through Goryeo and Joseon, was used as one axis, and we compared the differences from the Chinese poems of pre-modern characters in a synchronic way and publicly compared the differences with the Japanese at the same time. First, it was confirmed that the representation of the space called Gyeongju in the Chinese poem changed considerably as it went through the Japanese historical tourism project. Cruise poems about Gyeongju have been steadily created since pre-modern times, and it can be seen that the historical sites that pay attention to each period and the representations of the region called Gyeongju were different. In the 20th century, Gyeongju can be said to have become a refined tourist destination stuffed as an ancient city in a medium or literary space that reminds people of Silla. The second most notable tourist destinations and labor camps followed those created by the modern Japanese imperialism, but it was confirmed that there was a big difference between the literary representation of it and the authenticity of the work. At that time, tourism had a fixed course, and information about Gyeongju encountered in advance would have also been described from a Japanese point of view. Nevertheless, the writers of Joseon did not accept it indiscriminately and resolved their feelings in their own way living in disadvantaged times. Through these poetry works, it was possible to examine the reality perception of Confucian scholars at the time and the special aspects of the poetry at that time. The poems on the Gyeongju tourism experience during the period were organized in earnest and the analysis of each work was conducted in detail to promise a more advanced study on the perception of reality and literary imagery of modern and contemporary Classical scholars, which have not been properly illuminated.

The Comparative Study on the English Translations of Du Fu's Poems from the Perspective of Steiner's Hermeneutic Motion

Du Fu's influence in Chinese classical poetry is very far-reaching, and he is honored as the "Sage of Poetry" by later generations, and his poems are also known as the "History of Poetry". As a typical representative of traditional Chinese culture, Du fu's poems are loved by the public, and different translations have made the world better understand the culture of ancient Chinese poems. Based on the hermeneutic motion of George Steiner, this paper selects two English translations of Du Fu's poems by Mr. Xu Yuanchong, a domestic translator, and Mr. Watson, a foreign sinologist as the objects. Through the comparative study of the two translations, this paper explores how the four hermeneutic steps of “trust”, “aggression”, “incorporation” and “compensation” in Steiner’s hermeneutic motion are represented in their translations. It provides a new perspective for the study of Du Fu’s poetry translation into English and promotes the dissemination of ancient Chinese poems.

訒齋 崔晛의 문학과 현실인식

Choi Hyun pursued practical studies. In his official life, he pointed out the shortcomings of politics at the time through letters to the king, and during the war, he sent letters to his superiors to directly discuss the pros and cons of military administration. Through the Imjin War and the Byeongjaeran, he created many works related to practical public works such as people's livelihood, national defense, military law, astronomy, geography, history, and mathematics. It is noteworthy that he did not leave behind any works related to Neo-Confucianism, despite being taught and associated with Neo-Confucian scholars. Choi Hyun had a very difficult political life, including exile and false accusations, because he spoke the truth and had no reservations with a strong and spirited attitude. He also lived an unfortunate life personally, with his wife and children dying early due to illness. He diagnosed the reality of the time as an era of concern and emphasized that the only way to overcome it was to “strive for practicality and preserve sincerity.” In order to restore the era of upheaval, he discussed the successes and failures and gains and losses of the past and present, always presenting fundamental solutions. The claims that “both the fundamental and the branches should be considered” and “the end and the beginning should be consistent” are examples of this. Choi Hyun used sincere content, logical composition, and simple and ordinary sentences. He rejected flashy writing and sought writing that contained the ideas of a gentleman. He also sought sentences that conveyed the content and meaning of the text. Choi Hyun wrote novels, Hangul songs, and travel diaries. He created 141 poems in Chinese. The contents include object recognition and self-cultivation, the horrors of war, bureaucratic anxiety, family hardships, and the exploits of heroes. In his letters, he mentioned the fundamental methods of preparing for war and argued for establishing discipline and fairly administering military law. In his letters to the king, he requested the king to innovate the shortcomings and save the politics of the time based on his critical awareness of real problems. Choi Hyun is a unique literary figure who created literary works in various ways. He used Hangul and Chinese characters simultaneously to create his works, and his methods were diverse, including novels, songs, poems, diaries, and practical writings. Based on in-depth research on In-jae's life and scholarship, we look forward to a comprehensive study of his role and status in the political and academic world at the time, and his influence on future generations.

곤암 소세량의 삶과 시세계

This article examined his family line and overall life, focusing on 『Byeongamjip』, 『Gonamjip』, a collection of writings by Kunam So Se-ryang born in Iksan, Jeollabuk-do from the 15th to 16th centuries, summarized and reviewed the two collections before considering his watch. Gonam left a number of Chinese poems while interacting with contemporary Confucian scholars such as Cho Gwan-gjo, Lee Eon-jeok, Kim An-guk, and Kim Jong-guk, but politically, he was not noticed because he lacked clear footprints other than records of his participation in the sutra. In addition, the titles of 『Byeongamjip』 printed in 1748 and 『Gonamjip』 printed in 1929 were different, causing one literary collection to invite two literary collections on the web. Gonam, who was active during the period when Chinese poetry flourished most in the history of Chinese literature, left 176 Chinese poems with 230 titles, First, it is a poem with the tendency of “gwangak-style” created in government life, secondly, it is written in the form of a diary to pay tribute to his father with grain, and thirdly, it can be divided into Gonam's Chinese poems. Based on the ideology of royal politics, Gonam created a Chinese poem to understand Taoism in practical and realistic terms because the spirit of Sarim, who wanted to realize more than supreme rule, was deeply based on it.

訒齋 崔晛의 記文 연구

Injae Choi Hyun(訒齋 崔晛, 1563~1640) was a mid-Joseon Dynasty bureaucrat and literary figure, and many of his writings remain in literary collections. First of all, if we review the existing studies on Choi Hyun, it is found that most of them examined the world of life, politics, thought, and academia of Injae focusing on Chinese poems(漢詩), Socha(疏箚), Hangeul lyrics &lt;Yongsaeum(龍蛇吟)&gt; and &lt;Myeongwoleum(明月吟)&gt;, the novel &lt;Geumsaeng Yi Munrok(琴生異門錄)&gt; and the record of the envoy's journey &lt;Jocheon Ilrok(朝天日錄)&gt;. These studies have a lot to do with the political activities of Injae, and generally highlight his statesman aspect of patriotism (worrying about the country and loving the people). Recently, in 2023, a related academic conference was held at the Gumi Neo-Confucianism History Museum with a special exhibition on the theme of Injae, and here again, Injae was reexamined as a statesman of practical practice and patriotism. Considering the political position, historical background, life and history of Injae, it is clear that Injae is a statesman of practical practice and patriotism. However, even though it has been a long time since Injae was known in academia, research on him in the field of literature is still somewhat lacking. Therefore, in this paper, we will first look at the record writings(記文), which has not yet been properly studied among the works of Injae. A total of 7 record writings are included in Volume 10 of 『Collected Writings of Teacher Injae(訒齋先生文集)』, and I will introduce these record writings in an overview and introduce them, and examine how his writing talent as a skilled writer of the time and the reality of his literary view of containing Tao through sentences(文以載道) are embodied. There are a total of seven essays in Injae’s record writings, and &lt;Kimsanhyangsadanki(金山鄕射堂記)&gt; and &lt;Munsohyundongmokki(聞韶縣桐木記)&gt; were written voluntarily by him. &lt;Girojaeki(棄老齋記)&gt; and &lt;Manchudangki(晩翠堂記)&gt; were written at the request of Cho Yun-ji and Kwon San-lip, the owners of the buildings, and &lt;Geumneungkwanjungkunki (金陵館重建記)&gt; was written at the request of Jung Yu-han(鄭維翰). The &lt;Naksansansubyungki(洛山山水屛記)&gt; is a brief record written in a book made by Huh Gye after touring Mt. Naksan, and the &lt;Jeoksangsanbo- gyeongsahwangrobongki(赤裳山寶鏡寺香爐峯記)&gt; is a record of bronze mirrors and incense burners excavated from the old palace site of Jeoksang Mountain Fortress at the request of Zen Master Deokwoong. Among Injae’s record writings, not a single piece of Sansuyuki written after traveling has survived, which is different from the fact that in other writers' record writings, it occupies the largest proportion along with the records of buildings. In his spare time, he toured Mt. Juwangsan, Mang- yangjeong, Mt. Geumosan, and Mt. Wolsansan, and also went boating at Imaeyeon. Some of the Chinese poems left behind after the tour include the &lt;Jeungdohaengsangin(贈道行上人)&gt; written after the tour of Mt. Wolsansan, and the poem &lt;Jeungjirisanseungseong&gt; which was written about an impression of the sightseeing of Mt. Kumgangsan after meeting the monk Seong-eun of Mt. Jirisan following a tour of Mt. Kumgangsan. It can be seen that Injae left the excitement of sightseeing mainly in poetry rather than in the Sansuyuki. It is presumed that the reason he did not leave behind any Sansuyuki works compared to other literary travelers of his time was because of his pragmatic nature, where he understood the record writings in terms of ‘record preservation.’ &lt;Kimsanhyangsadanki(金山鄕射堂記)&gt; and &lt;Munsohyundongmokki(聞韶縣桐木記)&gt; show the recommendation and discipline(勸戒) seeking to restore ancient rites and the ways of saints, and a wish for restoration after the Japanese invasions of Korea, while &lt;Geumneungkwanjungkunki(金陵館重建記)&gt;, &lt;Girojaeki(棄老齋

조선 후기 관서 명승 六六洞의 성립과 詩的 형상화

This article introduces Yukyuk-dong (or thirty six Dongcheon) in Samdeung-hyeon, which was highlighted in the 19th century as one of the famous scenic spots in Pyeongan-do, and explains the origins of the names of the 36 Dongcheon and the characteristics of the Chinese poem ‘Yukyuk- dong’ created based on each Dongcheon. The extant Chinese poems based on Yukyuk-dong were mostly written in the 19th century, and the tendency of some writers to form a series of 36 poems is captured. Eom Gi (1760~1820), who first gave names to the 36 Dongcheon in Yukyuk-dong at the end of the 18th century, revealed the origins of each Dongcheon and reproduced the actual scenery into 36 poems composed in seven-word verse. While projecting legends related to immortals, he paid attention to topographical characteristics such as strangely shaped rocks, cliffs, waterfalls, and the unique flow of rivers, and expressed each Dongcheon by reflecting the natural phenomena or human activities he captured. Eom Gi's poem had a profound influence on the creation of a series of poems by the group of Shin Heon, Jo Yeon-myeong, Kim Hyeon-eung, and Lee Heon-myeong while touring Yukyuk-dong in 1837. Each of these four people's exchanging poems is compiled together with Eom Gi's poem under the title Yukyuk Yeonhwa, and generally uses materials similar to Eom Gi's to establish the image of Yukyuk-dong. Meanwhile, in the early 19th century, Shin Wi (1769~1845), Jo Deuk- young (1762~1824), and Jeong Won-yong (1783~1873), each wrote 36 poems composed in five-word verse to describe Yukyuk-dong. They connected the history of immortals and Buddhist legends, Chinese writers, and place names etc with the poems but embodied in different content from Eom Gi's poem. The series of ‘Yukyuk-dong’ poems created by 19th century writers not only contributed to securing the status of Yukyuk-dong as a scenic spot, but are also significant in that they show an aspect of the cultural phenomenon of discovery and enjoyment of scenic spots.

Study on Translation of Tourism Texts from Perspective of Skopos Theory:ACase Study of Beautiful Shaanxi

Given their long histories, tourist attractions in Shaanxi draw many foreign visitors. Signifcant historical and cultural information can be discovered in tourism texts. They serve as vital tools for promoting tourism and are highly effective. Good translations can help inter-national readers comprehend Shaanxi culture. Utilizing the English translation of the text Beautiful Shaanxi, this paper conducts a Sample analysis of proper nouns, cultural-loaded words, and classical Chinese poems. It also explores the English translation techniques of tourism texts, transliteration, annotation, and more. The province translation approach and the supplemental approach can both assist in translating tourism documents more accurately.

A Strategy to Build Humanistic Cultural Content through Shinjae Choi San-du’s Classical Chinese Poems

A Strategy to Build Humanistic Cultural Content through Shinjae Choi San-du’s Classical Chinese Poems

Chinese esthetics through language in poetry: A comparative study of the Chinese wényán and modern báihuà

China was greatly transformed in its encounters with the imperial West in the 19th and 20th centuries, where its ways and traditions that were authoritative for thousands of years were challenged and pushed to evolve toward modernity. Among things that were made to change, the classical written Chinese &amp;ndash; w&amp;eacute;ny&amp;aacute;n &amp;ndash; was replaced by the modern b&amp;aacute;ihu&amp;agrave;, prioritizing efficient information transformation over the expression of semantic and esthetic depth. However, classical Chinese esthetics continued to inspire modern Chinese literati, in their exploration and discovery of means to express their Chineseness in a modern reality. Through examining the literary form of poetry, this study investigated the differential characteristics of the classical and modern Chinese esthetics through the appreciation of classical and contemporary Chinese poems, as mediated by the written languages: w&amp;eacute;ny&amp;aacute;n and modern b&amp;aacute;ihu&amp;agrave;. Presented with four comparable pairs of classical and contemporary poems, 48 participants indicated their preference and rated their poem-reading experience based on language esthetics, imaginativeness, precision, complexity of imageries, profundity of meaning, and the intensity of emotions and resonance elicited. Compared to contemporary poems, classical poems were perceived as significantly more beautiful in their language, more imaginative, more precise, more complex in their imagery, more profound in their meanings, and more effective in eliciting emotions and resonance. Reasons for poem type preference suggested that classical and contemporary poems were both appreciated for their differential expressions of the highest Chinese esthetic standard &amp;ndash; the White B&amp;igrave; (贲), through effortless precision or purity.

The ancient Chinese poem "Lisao" translated by V.F. Pereleshin: the problem of the poet's cultural identity

The ancient Chinese poem "Lisao" translated by V.F. Pereleshin: the problem of the poet's cultural identity

THE THOUGHT OF "INNER SAGE, OUTER KING" IN LE THANH TONG'S POEM PHONG NIEN IN VIETNAMESE MEDIEVAL LITERATURE

&lt;p&gt;Confucianism was introduced to Vietnam very early and its influence on Vietnamese society is relatively comprehensive. In Confucian philosophy, “inner sage, outer king” are considered an important ideological core, and are also the highest goal of self-cultivation for each Confucian scholar. Le Thanh Tong was a king who promoted Confucianism. He brought Confucianism to a unique position in Vietnamese feudal society during the Quang Thuan and Hong Duc periods. When absorbing the influence of Confucian ideology, Le Thanh Tong also thoroughly understood the content of "inner sage, outer king", thereby reflecting it through his compositions. &lt;em&gt;Quynh Uyen Cuu Ca&lt;/em&gt; is known as a collection of poems including 9 excellent Chinese poems by Le Thanh Tong, and is also a very valuable poetic heritage of the author. In it, each poem expresses his views on the times, literature, and art. The thought of “inner sage, outer king” is expressed quite clearly by the author in this collection of poems. Although it does not cover all 9 poems, every time it is mentioned, the author emphasizes and boldly depicts it. The first poem and also typical for this thought is the poem &lt;em&gt;Phong Nien&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/soc/0014/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;