Chinese Institutions Research Articles

Evolution and Transformation of Security Patterns in Central Asia in the Context of Chinese Institutional Building

The regional security system in Central Asia is complex. The geopolitical conflict between Russia and the West around Ukraine has had a serious strategic shift in the balance of power and, as a consequence, changes in the architecture of the regional security system. Strategically, this means that Central Asia, as part of the wider post-Soviet space, is undergoing a transition from a Euro-centric to an Asia-centric model with the increasing role of China. Russia and China, as two leading geopolitical actors, have their own security patterns, and at the moment, these security patterns are evolving, in the context of the formation of new regional security mechanisms with the strengthening of the role of China as a leading regional power and security provider.

Historical Development and Learning of Marimba in Chinese Educational Institutions

Background and Aim: The significance of the historical development and learning of the marimba in Chinese educational institutions lies in the evolutionary and developmental process of these institutions and the interesting nature of the learning process. It is necessary to study the introduction and learning process of the marimba. The aim is to explore the historical development and learning of the marimba in Chinese educational institutions. Materials and Methods: Qualitative research and content analysis were used, based on the principles of the historical development of the marimba, to convey and promote Chinese culture through marimba sound, playing techniques, and the learning process in educational institutions. Results: The marimba was introduced to China in the 1980s. Teaching and playing methods mainly follow the international mainstream. Due to its low popularity, few schools offer marimba courses. Automatic lifting systems have emerged. There is scope for further development. The learning is comprehensive, in-depth, and innovative, helping students gain proficiency and cultivate musical literacy and innovative abilities. It originated in Guatemala and spread worldwide, entering China in the 1980s. In China, it has gradually become an important part of the music education system. Courses and training programs have been established in various educational institutions. Learning requires basic skills and the pursuit of artistic expression and cultural understanding. In the future, the marimba will have broader prospects with the development of music education and the acceleration of the internationalization process. Conclusion: Despite its initial lack of popularity, the marimba—which was brought to China in the 1980s—has grown to be an essential part of the country's music education program. Students develop proficiency and musical literacy through thorough and creative teaching methods, and as internationalization and music education progress, the instrument's future in China appears bright.

The allocation and fairness of hospital pharmacist human resources in China: a time-series study

BackgroundTo address the rational use of medicines in healthcare institutions, the Chinese government enacted legislation for pharmacists in 2021, emphasizing the importance of pharmacists in medical services. The allocation and equity of pharmacist human resources in healthcare institutions directly affect people’s accessibility to pharmaceutical services. The study aims to analyze the supply and demand of pharmacist human resources in Chinese healthcare institutions and evaluate the equity of their distribution to provide a reference for the rational management of pharmacist resources.MethodsThis was a time-series study that was conducted using data obtained from Health and Health Statistical Yearbook that is performed every year by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China. The study included 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions and 34,354 medical institutions in mainland China, which were classified into different economic regions based on their level of economic development. The study collected healthcare technicians and pharmacist data from national healthcare institutions between 2016 and 2020. The study evaluated the level of pharmacist human resource allocation using the health resource density index. The study explored the equity of pharmacist human resource allocation from two aspects: population and geographic area, using the Gini coefficient and Theil index.ResultsThe average annual growth rates of healthcare technical staff and pharmacists in Chinese medical institutions from 2016 to 2020 were 5.67% and 3.03%, respectively. The Gini coefficients of healthcare personnel resources based on population distribution were all below 0.119, while those based on geographical area were all above 0.655. The total Theil indexes of pharmacist human resources based on population distribution were all below 0.010, while those based on geographical area were all above 0.511. In addition, the contribution rates of the within-group Theil indexes of pharmacist human resources based on population and geographical area distributions to the total Theil index were all greater than or equal to 50%.ConclusionsThe allocation level of pharmacist human resources in China continues to improve, but there are differences in different economic development areas. Currently, allocation based on population shows equity, but allocation based on geographic area shows inequity. In the future, more attention should be paid to the geographic accessibility of pharmacist human resources, and resource allocation should consider both the population served and geographic area.

Prognostic Nomogram for Predicting Survival in Asian Patients With Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Comprehensive Population-Based Study and External Verification.

The incidence of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) among Asian patients is on the rise. Nevertheless, there remains a deficiency in precise prognostic models tailored to the specific needs of this patient population. It is imperative to develop a novel nomogram aimed at forecasting the prognosis of Asian SCLC patients. The SEER database supplied data on 661 Asian SCLC patients, who were then divided into training and internal validation sets through a random selection process. In addition, we identified 212 patients from a Chinese medical institution for the purpose of creating an external validation cohort. To forecast survival, we employed both univariate and multivariate analyses. The performance of our nomogram was assessed through calibration plots, the concordance index (C-index), and decision curve analysis (DCA). Five independent prognostic factors were determined and integrated into the nomogram. C-index values for the training and internal validation cohorts were 0.774 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.751-0.797) and 0.731 (95%CI = 0.690-0.772), respectively. In the external validation cohort, the C-index is 0.712 (95% CI = 0.655-0.7692). Calibration curves demonstrated highly accurate predictions. When compared to the AJCC staging system, our model exhibited improved net benefits in DCA. Furthermore, the risk stratification system effectively differentiated patients with varying survival risks. We have created a novel nomogram for predicting the survival of Asian patients with SCLC. This nomogram has been subjected to external validation and has shown its superiority over the conventional TNM staging system. It offers a more precise and reliable means of forecasting the prognosis of Asian SCLC patients.

Effects of the Hukou system on the geographies of young people in contemporary urban China

ABSTRACT The Chinese institution for population registration is called the hukou system. It divides residents into local and non-local hukou holders concerning geographical mobility. Within Chinese society, young people often move away from their birthplace and subsequently become non-local hukou holders in the destinations. The hukou system has become a barrier to the access of young people to urban rights, placing them in a peripheral position in society. To understand the often-overlooked geographies of young people in China, the article examines how the hukou system undermines young people’s right to the city. Subsequently, the invisible politics of young people in China is discussed, based on a scoping review that approaches the issue through three themes: young people’s tactics in their mobilities; housing inequality and residential segregation; and young people’s aspirations for the future. Combining authoritarianism and neoliberalism, the hukou system controls the distribution of city rights, and thus regulates the flows of young people. Such regulation constitutes a transitional regime that shapes the life trajectories of Chinese youths. Therefore, the article recommends hearing the voices of Chinese young people in the field of Children’s Geographies, and thus enabling their voices to influence future reforms of hukou policies.

The influence of social cognitive factors on physical activity of Chinese university students: The moderating role of gender

This study constructed a prediction model of physical activity among Chinese college students based on the social cognitive theory to investigate the factors and mechanisms influencing physical activity among Chinese college students. Questionnaires were dispensed to a cohort of 2000 university students hailing from 10 academic institutions located in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China resulting in the retrieval of 1897 questionnaires deemed valid. The conceptual framework was subsequently modeled using the PLS-SEM methodology based on the sample data collected. Sports social support (β = 0.191***), outcome expectation (β = 0.306***) and self-efficacy (β = 0.459***) positively impact college students' physical activity through self-regulation (β = 0.346***). Male self-efficacy has a weaker influence on self-regulation. Male college students' self-regulation also has a weaker effect on physical activity. External disturbance (β = -0.192***) negatively affects physical activity while internal disturbance has a minor impact (β = -0.135***, f2=0.010) almost negligible. The research validated the impact of various social cognitive elements on the exercise habits of university students. It offers a solid empirical foundation for advancing physical activity engagement among college students in China. Furthermore, the findings can serve as a fundamental reference point for Chinese educational institutions to develop comprehensive sports policies tailored specifically for college students.

New trends of export of vocational education from China within «One Belt, One Road» initiative

Introduction. Over the past few years, the authorities of the People's Republic of China have begun to pay more and more attention to the development of vocational secondary and higher education. In addition to the growth and development of this area within the country, gradually with the increase in China’s presence on the world stage, the PRC is beginning to export its educational services abroad.Purpose setting. The purpose of the study was to identify the features of China's promotion of its education abroad. The task is to examine the main forms of export of Chinese vocational education to foreign countries.Methodology and methods of the study. Using general methods of scientific knowledge and using a large array of factual data and sources in Chinese, consider the trends in the spread of Chinese vocational education in the world.Results. China has opened a new page in the development of vocational education both within the country and by experimenting with new formats of international cooperation in this segment of education. An example of such projects is the opening of the so-called Lu Ban Workshops, created in honor of the famous Chinese philosopher, engineer and artisan of the 5th century BC, which train modern specialists with technical skills. In total, China has launched over 40 similar workshops abroad with 70 different modern specialties, where more than 11 thousand people have already been trained. After the successful launch of Lu Ban Workshops, various Chinese professional institutions began to open their own specialized workshops, including those for the development of automobile transport, maritime economy, printing, etc.Conclusion. Such projects, which today cover both the SCO countries and the participants of the «One Belt, One Road» initiative, create a new platform for international exchange and cooperation in the field of vocational education and help promote humanitarian exchanges between China and other countries of the world.

DCV2I$\text{DCV}^2\text{I}$: Leveraging deep vision models to support geographers' visual interpretation in dune segmentation

AbstractVisual interpretation is extremely important in human geography as the primary technique for geographers to use photograph data in identifying, classifying, and quantifying geographic and topological objects or regions. However, it is also time‐consuming and requires overwhelming manual effort from professional geographers. This paper describes our interdisciplinary team's efforts in integrating computer vision models with geographers' visual image interpretation process to reduce their workload in interpreting images. Focusing on the dune segmentation task, we proposed an approach called featuring a deep dune segmentation model to identify dunes and label their ranges in an automated way. By developing a tool to connect our model with ArcGIS—one of the most popular workbenches for visual interpretation, geographers can further refine the automatically generated dune segmentation on images without learning any CV or deep learning techniques. Our approach thus realized a noninvasive change to geographers' visual interpretation routines, reducing their manual efforts while incurring minimal interruptions to their work routines and tools they are familiar with. Deployment with a leading Chinese geography research institution demonstrated the potential of in supporting geographers in researching and solving drylands desertification.

Academic adaptation of international students in the chinese higher education environment: A case study with mixed methods

Although the number of international students (ISs) studying in Chinese higher education institutions is growing, their academic adaptation experiences remain under-investigated. This study employed a case study with a convergent design to understand how ISs experienced academic adaptation. It was found that ISs’ academic adaptation is related to a series of individual (motivation, language proficiency, acculturation strategies) and sociocultural (support resources, intercultural training) factors as well as the interplay of the factors over time. At the group level, academic adaptation was positively associated with motivation, bilingual proficiency (Mandarin and English), the integration strategy, perceived support from Chinese teachers, and intercultural training, and negatively related to the marginalization strategy. Further qualitative findings through reflective journals explained how ISs’ motivational adjustments, their improvement in Mandarin and English proficiency, the adoption of integration in different situations, and the use of heterogeneous functions of intercultural training and support resources contributed to individual ISs’ academic journey in China. Informed by these empirical findings, this study offers implications for the support and training of ISs.

Elite university bachelor’s degree salary premium for master’s graduates: empirical evidence from China

ABSTRACT The labor market’s response to the signaling value of multiple qualifications (bachelor’s and master’s degrees) held by master’s graduates influences labor market efficiency and individual decisions to invest in education. Using data from the ‘Sample Survey of Chinese Higher Education Institutions’ conducted in 2017 and 2019, this study analyzes whether master’s graduates with bachelor’s degrees from elite universities earn salary premiums. The findings indicate that bachelor’s degrees from elite universities provide approximately a 12% salary premium for master’s graduates, attributable to both human capital and labor market signaling mechanisms. When accounting for individual human capital differences, the salary premium is approximately 9.1%. Furthermore, the empirical results show that these premiums are statistically significant only for master’s graduates from elite universities. The distribution of salary premiums exhibits a U-shaped trend, increasing from low to high salary quantiles. The signaling/screening mechanism’s salary premiums rise with starting salaries, while negative signaling effects are observed at lower quantiles.

Organizational Support as an Influencer of Teachers’ Performance in Chinese Colleges and Universities

This study aims to explore the relationship between organizational support and faculty performance in Chinese higher education institutions in order to fill the gaps in the existing literature and provide new insights into human resource management in higher education. Given the importance of university faculty performance in the field of higher education, this study has important theoretical and practical implications. This study expects to provide solutions to improve faculty performance and to have an impact on policies/practices related to organizational support in higher education. The study used quantitative research methods to obtain data by means of questionnaires. The subjects of the study were Lingnan Normal University, Guangzhou University and Zhanjiang College of Science and Technology, and the sample size was 359. For data analysis, the study utilized SPASS statistical software and methods such as mean, standard deviation, t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson r to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the results. Ethical guidelines were followed during the study to ensure the validity and fairness of the study. The results of the study indicate that organizational support positively and significantly influences the performance of college teachers, supporting the research hypotheses and theories. Through an in-depth analysis of the data/results, this study reveals that organizational support (Vocational support, Instrumental support, Emotional support, Adaptive support, Organizational equity, psychological contract) on teacher performance (Task performance, Relationship Performance, Adaptive Performance) in higher education. In addition, the study found that providing teachers with the necessary tools and resources is particularly important in promoting good relationships with colleagues and leaders. This provides a fresh perspective for research in related fields. The findings of this study are instructive for college and university administrations to develop organizational support policies to improve faculty performance and provide a foundation for subsequent research.

The Influence of Shared Leadership on the Innovative Behavior of New Generation Faculty

This quantitative study examined the influence of shared leadership on the innovative behavior of the new generation faculty within the context of Chinese higher education institutions. Conducted across various universities in Guangdong Province, China, the research engaged a sample of 340 new generation faculty members. Utilizing a survey method, the study evaluated the faculty’s perceptions of shared leadership, encompassing dimensions such as team progress, authority and responsibility sharing, team expectations, and team contract. Additionally, the survey captured data on the innovative behaviors of faculty, including innovation discovery, innovation proclivity, innovation reinforcement, and innovation cooperation. The findings indicated that the new generation faculty placed significant value on shared leadership aspects, particularly team progress and team expectations. The study revealed that the faculty demonstrated a commendable level of innovative behavior, yet there was room for further enhancement in both shared leadership practices and innovative actions. The research established that a combination of career values related to shared leadership significantly predicts the professional development of faculty in terms of innovation. The study’s implications are vital for educational administrators and policymakers, emphasizing the necessity to foster shared leadership environments conducive to nurturing faculty innovation. By recognizing the predictive role of shared leadership in shaping innovative behaviors, educational institutions can strategize more effectively to promote academic excellence and drive educational reforms.

The rise of open innovation in Chinese academia: a systematic review of the literature

The recent open innovation (OI) literature underscores the importance of understanding how OI is implemented across diverse institutional contexts. China has captivated OI scholars, representing a distinctive business environment that challenges established theories and frameworks. Building on translation theory, this study systematically reviews how scholars affiliated with Chinese institutions have conceptualized the concept of OI. We used a systematic approach to analyze a final sample of 202 articles, unveiling insights into themes, approaches, and implications. Our primary findings highlight a concentration on themes such as external knowledge search for enhancing firms' performance, the escalating role of innovation ecosystems, and the significance of local business, traditional Chinese culture, and innovation policies in shaping these dynamics. In contrast to recent trends in the broader international OI literature, concepts such as the role of users, universities, platforms, and social innovation are not extensively explored. Lastly, we suggest various avenues for future research to enrich OI scholarship.

A study on the backtesting and correlation of systemic risk in Chinese financial institutions: an empirical analysis based on MES and Delta CoVaR

Effectively measuring the risk level of financial institutions is the key to preventing and defusing systemic risks. This paper uses the unconditional coverage test method to backtest the systemic risk of 35 listed financial institutions in China, and uses the quantile coherence method to construct a quantile frequency domain correlation network to explore the frequency domain mechanism of systemic risk correlation of financial institutions. The study found that: (1) During the financial market crisis, the Delta CoVaR commonly used systemic risk measurement indicators such as MES, CoVaR, and failed to effectively measure the systemic risk of China's financial institutions. (2) Compared with the short-term correlation layer and the medium-term correlation layer, China's financial institutions have obvious extreme risk linkage effects in the long-term correlation layer.(3) In the short-term, medium-term and long-term correlation layers, small and medium-sized financial institutions such as Ningbo Bank, Industrial Securities and Dongfang Energy all have high correlation importance. Relevant departments should pay attention to preventing the risk of "too correlated to fail" of small and medium-sized financial institutions in my country.

Emerging challenges in the application of artificial intelligence for the eye disease screening in Chinese primary healthcare institutions

Breakthroughs have been achieved recently in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) for the eye disease screening in Chinese primary healthcare institutions, but challenges have also emerged. First, AI software has continuously evolved, expanding the range of eye diseases that can be screened, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, and progressing towards predicting the course of eye diseases. However, inadequate infrastructure such as 5G and a shortage of specialized personnel have hindered the coverage of screenings. Second, while the cost-effectiveness of AI is well-established, new screening models have impacted the equity of screenings. It is essential to tailor AI application models to the specific context of China. Third, AI screening guidelines have been increasingly improved, providing direction for AI development and reference for the promotion and application of AI technologies. Nonetheless, high-quality empirical research is urgently needed to provide scientific evidence for policymaking related to AI in the eye disease screening. Therefore, it is suggested to develop multimodal AI models that integrate basic data such as symptoms and medical history with simple ophthalmic examinations, to accelerate the construction of infrastructure like 5G and focus on cultivating interdisciplinary talents, to explore suitable service systems and models for the large-scale eye disease screening tailored to local conditions, and to conduct long-term, multi-center, empirical studies.

Trends of Copper Homeostasis in Neoplasms: A Systemic Bibliometric from 2013 to 2023.

Copper dysregulation is pivotal in tumorigenesis. This study aimed to elucidate the knowledge framework of copper homeostasis within neoplasms utilizing bibliometric analysis. Publications about copper homeostasis in neoplasms from 2013 to 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed databases. The bibliometric analysis was conducted using the RStudio, the CiteSpace software, the VOSviewer software, and a bibliometric analysis platform. A total of 1701 articles were indexed from 73 countries and regions. China has emerged as the leading country with a publication proportion of 32.45%, followed by the USA (10.35%) and India (8.41%). Significant collaborations have been conducted among Chinese academic institutions. The Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry emerged as the most prominent journal. Among the 4841 keywords extracted from 671 journals, concepts of cell death, positron emission tomography, and tumor microenvironment emerged as the most significant hotspots. This bibliometric study reviewed significant academic development and synthesized research trends on copper homeostasis in neoplasms, providing a valuable reference for scholars.

Utilising sandplay therapy to support children with intellectual disabilities and complex mental health needs in China’s child welfare institutions: a case study

Sandplay therapy (SPT) has demonstrated significant effectiveness for children with intellectual disabilities, autism, and other challenges. This case study explores its impact on emotional regulation, sexual psychology, and behavior in orphaned children with significant functional limitations residing in Chinese welfare institutions. Utilizing Jungian psychology, the child’s development was assessed through 26 SPT sessions and four interviews with simulated family members. The findings showed improvements in emotional functioning, self-care capabilities, and the management of sexual energy and emotions. Furthermore, interpersonal relationships within the simulated family improved, thereby achieving the counseling goals. SPT, with its focus on the unconscious and symbolic representation, offers unique advantages in addressing the emotional and behavioral challenges experienced by children with severe functional impairments in welfare environments.

Sino-Belgian research collaborations and Chinese military power

ABSTRACT China’s rise as a scientific superpower and its increasingly assertive geopolitical stance have raised concerns among Western governments over the security implications of research collaborations with China. Indeed, studies have revealed how China uses technology transfers to advance its military capabilities. In this article, we examine the links of Sino-Belgian research collaborations to the Chinese military and the evolution of these collaborations using a mixed methods approach comprising a bibliometric analysis and two case studies. Our study finds that 10% of Sino-Belgian collaborations were on critical technologies and conducted with scientists affiliated to Chinese institutes with military links. The collaborations with a military link have increased rapidly over the last two decades and have grown faster than the overall Sino-Belgian research collaborations. The results of the study reveal that research collaboration in the knowledge domain has crucial ties to the security domain and should therefore be considered in international security analysis. However, invoking Susan Strange’s structural power theory, we argue that Sino-Belgian research collaborations should not only be seen as contributing to China’s military power but also as a function of China’s growing overall power, including in the knowledge structure, where it entails the power to convey or deny knowledge.

Multilevel actor networks in China’s growing fossil-fuel based role in the global electricity sector

Abstract Chinese investments into fossil fuel-based electricity generation capacity under its Belt and Road Initiative will create lock-in for decades. Despite China’s recent rise as major public finance provider for the electricity sector of the developing world and the related environmental impacts, there is limited knowledge of the extent and characteristics of non-Chinese participation in Chinese-funded projects. We apply complexity theory approaches and network modelling on a new dataset that links funding activities of Developmental Institutions (Chinese Developmental Institutions (CDIs), Western-backed Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs)) and the involvement of companies in different roles (i.e., as direct investors, contractors, equipment suppliers, and other service providers) to power plants around the world at the unit-level (1999-2020). Previous literature suggests that CDI funded projects show preference to Chinese commercial partners, but we find more than 70% include non-Chinese participants. This also applies for fossil-fuel based technologies where we observe increasing shares of international actors that together account for nearly every third commercial linkage. However, involvement levels and interaction patterns not only differ by technologies (fossils, hydro, non-hydro renewable, nuclear) but also by the time period and types of commercial partners and we observe overall convergence between the CDI- and MDB-supported power plant networks over time. The decreasing involvement of Chinese companies in CDI-funded projects, across technologies, in favour of increasing Western involvement, has important implications for development and climate policy on which we elaborate. However, the failure of both MDB and CDI funding to promote domestic company involvement in the recipient countries may be the largest failing of both sets of agencies in the pursuit of development outcomes.

International Arbitration in China: 2023 in Review

2023 was a year of progress for international arbitration in China, as there was positive activity in the Ministry of Justice, in the Courts, and in the arbitral institutes, each paving the way toward making China a more favourable venue for international arbitration. There were also encouraging developments abroad as several foreign court decisions recognized awards issued in China under the rules of Chinese arbitration institutions, demonstrating increasing global acceptance of awards issued in China by Chinese institutions, such as the China International Economic & Trade Arbitration Commission.With major amendments proposed to modernize its arbitration law, updates of key arbitral institute rules to be aligned with international practices, and judicial and policy measures in aid of arbitration, China has taken concrete steps to strengthen itself as a more modern international arbitration jurisdiction.