Chinese Exports Research Articles

Analysis of Translation strategies of Culture Compensation in the English Version of the Analects of Confucius by Ku Hungming

In the context of implementing “Chinese Culture Exporting” strategy, it is difficult for Chinese translators of national classics to completely break down cultural barriers. For example, some high cultural context concepts such as “Li” (礼) cannot match the Western context, and classic translations are difficult to spread more widely. Ku's translation of ancient books is quite in line with the taste of the Western public, and is still widely spread. The translation strategies chosen to highlight the Chinese national culture have certain research value in the translation of Chinese classics and are of great help to the dissemination of Chinese culture. From the perspective of culture compensation, this paper classifies and analyzes the cross-cultural analogies in the Analects of Confucius translated by Ku, so as to extract the translator’s implicit translation strategies and good translator’s literacy, hoping to provide a solution to the problem of “culture barriers” in the translation of Chinese classical books.

The Belt and Road Initiative and Chinese Overseas Diplomatic Authorities: Discursive Representations and the Geopolitical Outreach in Africa

Aligned with critical geopolitics, this article examines the unevenness of geopolitical outreach in the discursive representations of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) by conducting qualitative and quantitative analysis of Chinese diplomatic authorities’ Web site postings in fifty-two African countries. This study not only illustrates the spatiality and temporality of different agencies’ discursive practices in Africa, but also diversifies Chinese outreach to Africa in the China–Africa and BRI study fields. Specifically, the Chinese diplomacy does not simply unfold through formal geopolitics played out at traditional diplomatic sites, but also involves geopolitical outreach at both local African and domestic Chinese media sites as well as via the diplomatic institutional networks. Nevertheless, the discursive representations do not necessarily correlate with the diplomatic relationships between China and African countries; neither are they oriented by the “resource” narratives and China’s imports from African countries. More likely, the market status indexed by population and Chinese exports to African countries significantly correlates with the discursive representations. The study also demonstrates the spatial unevenness of Chinese geopolitical outreach among primary countries, strategic countries, and ordinary countries in Africa, which to some extent counters the popular narratives of bilateral relationships between China and respective African countries.

Semiotic analysis of Chinese export online TV dramas based on the Fiske’s TV culture theory

The Belt and Road have changed the Chinese TV drama export industry. The export volume has climbed significantly, but China's TV series trade gap is still considerable due to external solid competition in the global cultural products market. The barbarous development under the capital has caused China's TV drama output surplus, and the domestic market cannot absorb it. Internal and external forces force Chinese TV dramas worldwide, and to travel overseas, the material must be optimized to attract foreign audiences. China's TV drama industry is growing online. Its versatility in making and transmitting has made it the leading exporter of Chinese TV programs. This study employs Fiske's TV culture theory and semiotic methodologies to analyze Chinese internet dramas transferred to Malaysia. Chinese web plays' narrative structure. This study uses semiotic analysis and Fiske's TV culture theory to describe Chinese online TV dramas. Export TV dramas must improve their quality and attract new fans to boost their market position in Malaysia. The Chinese export TV business must consider public sentiment to improve its market position and competitiveness. Fiske's TV Culture theory boosts China's film industry's competitiveness. Evaluating the findings in the conclusion and recommendation chapters helped meet the objective.

Trade Dependence, Uncertainty Expectations, and Sino-U.S. Political Relations.

This study applies a time-varying parameter/stochastic volatility vector autoregression (TVP-SV-VAR) model to explore the time-varying property of the link between Sino-US political relations and trade. The results indicate that the association of these two variables appears to be unstable. Sino-US political relations have positive and negative impacts on their bilateral trade, and the impact on Chinese imports is stronger than on its exports. In turn, Chinese imports from the US lead to political conflict, while Chinese exports promote peace. The interaction mechanism may originate from the expectations of the future trade environment caused by trade policy uncertainty. The interactions between Sino-US political relations and bilateral trade at different time points are also investigated. The results demonstrate that the link between these two variables is slightly different, depending on the specific status of the bilateral political relationship (friendly, neutral or hostile). Both China and the US should seek common interests to maintain a stable political relationship, and even with an increasing volume of bilateral trade, the risk of political conflicts should not be neglected.

Evaluation of Economic Benefits and Ecological Environment Impact of Export Trade in Anhui Free Trade Zone

Nowadays, the scale of international trade is expanding at a great pace, leading to the development of the economy of different countries. Global industrialization and urbanization are developing with each passing day, and this fast economic expansion is putting a tremendous impact on the environment. Like the other countries, the scale of Chinese export trade is also increasing with time, resulting in the stable economy of our country. With the improvement of living standards, people are continuously demanding high environmental facilities. Further, the impact of trade (enterprises, companies, industries, etc.) on the ecological environment has become a worldwide problem because economic progress brought forth by trade expansion may directly affect the environment by causing pollution to rise or the degradation of natural resources. This indeed is a serious issue; therefore, various countries have started focusing on the impact of export trade on the ecological environment. In recent years, the issue of economic benefits and the environmental impact of export trade has become a hot topic of research. Therefore, this study focuses on the relationship between trade, economy, and environmental quality in China. For the accomplishment of our research study, we selected Anhui free trade zone (FTZ) as an example to analyze the interaction between the economic benefits of Anhui export trade and the local environment. It is among the top trading provinces in China having a faster economic development. In order to accurately study the economic benefits and environmental impact of export trade in the Anhui FTZ, this paper selects industrial waste gas, wastewater, and solid waste to establish an export trade environmental impact indicating system. After comparative analysis, three factors that include industrial soot (dust) emissions for export trade, chemical oxygen demand for trade, and general industrial solid waste dumping and discards are selected to evaluate the impact on the environment of the free trade zone. Based on this, the export trade environment vector autoregressive (VAR) model is established, and the variance decomposition method is used to analyze the dynamic impact of various factors on the environmental impact index. Further, we established an economic benefit VAR model based on the export economic benefit index (EI), export value (EV), and export product concentration (EPC) index and judged the economic benefit of the Anhui free trade zone based on the contribution rate of the obtained three factors. The experimental results show that the export volume and product concentration directly affect the economic benefits of the region, and at the same time, the expansion of export trade promotes the growth of economic benefits.

Overseas Warehouse Deployment for Cross-Border E-Commerce in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative

The development of cross-border e-commerce is generally faced with problems such as high freight, long transportation time, and low service level. However, overseas warehouses can effectively solve the above problems to a certain extent, and they can improve consumer satisfaction. Therefore, this paper proposed a method combined with the entropy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (E-TOPSIS) model and complex network analysis theory to make a comprehensive determination of overseas warehouse locations for China’s e-commerce exports in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative (B&R). We selected 62 countries along the B&R as pre-candidates for overseas warehouse locations and then evaluated the significance of each node in cross-border e-commerce for Chinese export products. Finally, 15 countries were identified as the optimal overseas warehouse locations for Chinese export products along the B&R. The results can provide reference for overseas warehouse deployment of Chinese cross-border e-commerce enterprises as well as the development and the construction of the B&R.

From Commodities to Exhibits: An Analysis of Shipping in the Pearl River off Canton and Shipping in the Pearl River off Honam Island, Canton in the National Maritime Museum in the UK

This essay focuses on two Chinese export paintings, Shipping in the Pearl River off Canton and Shipping in the Pearl River off Honam Island, Canton, demonstrating the port views in Canton in the mid-nineteenth century in the National Maritime Museum. On the basis of an iconographic analysis method, and with reference to known similar works, this paper suggests the idea that the two works may come from Youqua’s studio, and the former was produced later than 1844. Simultaneously, this paper analyses the historical significance of the works in the dimension of both commodities and exhibits. Based on the exploration of the Chinese export paintings reflecting the East-West trade and Chinese society characteristics in a specific historical period, it also exposes the colonial nature of the work following the perspective of display and proposes the exhibition logic which restores the nature of the work as commodities as a practice of decolonization in the museum.

The Impacts of the U.S. Trade War on Chinese Exporters

Abstract This paper studies the impacts of the 2018 U.S. tariff surges on export prices and adjustments of sales across different markets of Chinese exporters. The finding that U.S. tariffs did not affect the free-on-board price of Chinese exports is robust to controlling for firm-related fixed effects. While firms' exports to the U.S. dropped significantly, exports to the E.U. increased moderately and domestic sales or exports to other foreign markets were barely affected. Finally, by surveying managers of exporting firms, we shed light on potential impediments to firms' adjustments of export prices and sales.

China's Geopolitical Role in the Modern Globalized World

The article examines the strengthening of China’s foreign policy activity in the conditions of the activation of modern challenges. It is pointed out that today China is increasing its political, economic, and cultural influence in the world. It is noted that China is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, it has become the largest exporter in the world, while also increasing imports. Thus, the average growth of Chinese exports in recent decades has increased by 5 times, and the growth of imports - by 4.7 times. It is emphasized that in response to China's economic growth in the West and some Asian countries, including Japan, the concept of the "Chinese threat" has emerged, the founders of which, believe that China has a negative impact on the Asian security system because of its increased economic growth and its desire to play a dominant role in the region, while not always taking into account the interests of other Asian countries. The peculiarities of the current foreign policy course of China are determined, in particular, it is noted that, as before, serious attention is paid to relations with the great states. Thus, Xi Jin Ping is in active contact with the United States, the European Union, and India. Significant emphasis is placed on a balanced foreign policy course. Much attention is paid to the BRICS countries, including Russia, India, and South Africa. China is also strengthening relations with developing countries. This is evidenced by Xi Jinping's visit to South Africa and the Countries of the Caribbean. Particular attention is paid to the Russian vector, which is aimed at jointly confronting the United States and NATO. It is emphasized that China's economic and geopolitical growth is also holding back several issues that need to be addressed. These are, first of all: incomplete transition to a market economy, excessive state intervention in the economy, in the banking sector, lack of rule of law, violation of human rights and freedoms, high dependence on exports, strong excess credit and growing debt, environmental problems.

Product Quality Measurement, Dynamic Changes, and the Belt and Road Initiative Distribution Characteristics: Evidence from Chinese Wooden Furniture Exports

As the most important forest product in the export of China, wooden furniture is facing increasingly fierce international competition and has a strong need for quality improvement. Based on the endogenous determination model of quality, this paper measures the quality of Chinese wooden furniture in exports from 1998 to 2017, by using product-level trade data of BACI CEPII. From the perspectives of the overall and sub-category quality, it examines the characteristics of dynamic changes in the product quality and its regional distribution of “the Belt and Road Initiative” countries. The results show that the quality of Chinese wooden furniture in exports is lower than that of wood-based panels and paper products. It remains stable after a slight increase from 2001 to 2005, but the quality level is always low. Among the sub-categories, wooden furniture not for kitchens, offices, or bedrooms has the lowest quality, while wooden office furniture has the highest one. The three dominant sub-categories that account for a high export share are all low in quality, while the small proportion sub-categories are all of higher quality, implying a strong imbalance. In particular, the quality of the main export products, upholstered wooden seats and wooden furniture not for kitchen, office, or bedroom use, has continued to decline, highlighting the plight of the quality growth of Chinese wooden furniture. For the BRI markets, the quality of Chinese wooden furniture exported to the region has declined slightly since 2012. However, different markets have shown different characteristics in the quality level and the direction of change. In terms of quality level, the qualities of wooden furniture exported to Malaysia, Israel, the United Arab Emirates, Vietnam, and the Philippines are relatively high. In terms of changing trends, the qualities of wooden furniture to Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and Israel are showing a rising trend. In this case, accurately identifying the quality of different export categories of furniture products and their changing characteristics can help furniture enterprises make better production and operation decisions, promote the formation of a good business environment, and foster new comparative advantages and international competitiveness.

The impact of regional trade policy uncertainty on the productivity of Chinese export enterprises: The case of China–ASEAN Free Trade Area

AbstractReduction of regional trade policy uncertainty is critical for promoting Chinese export enterprise productivity and will help the economy enter the high‐quality development stage. We use the case of the China–ASEAN Free Trade Area to empirically tests the impact of the reduction of regional trade policy uncertainty on the productivity of Chinese export enterprises. We apply the difference‐in‐difference method to micro‐enterprise level data from the “China industrial enterprise database” and “China Customs enterprise database” for 2007–2013. Our analysis and results show that establishing the China–ASEAN Free Trade Area has dramatically reduced regional trade policy uncertainty, significantly impacting the productivity of Chinese enterprises exporting to ASEAN. The results also show that enterprises with different ownership types, regions, factor density, and pollution emission intensity show significant heterogeneity in the level of productivity improvement. Applying a mechanism test, we found that the promotion of productivity from a reduction of regional trade policy uncertainty is achieved through the learning effect, the competition effect, and improving the trade environment of imported intermediate goods. The learning effect mechanism has the highest contribution, accounting for 39.01% of the net effect. The empirical results provide novel insight into promoting the productivity of Chinese enterprises exporting to ASEAN from the perspective of reducing regional trade policy uncertainty.

Potential of organic residues on Chinese export porcelain from Angkor Wat, Cambodia

Organic residue analysis offers an alternative perspective and further understanding of archaeological artefacts. Chinese tradeware studies have provided evidence on previous trade of ceramic goods and helped to map past trade routes. What, if anything, was contained in the vessels is a matter of conjuncture and textual claims. Despite substantial archaeological ceramics research little organic residue analysis has been undertaken on porcelain. This is curious as residues have been detected and characterised on similar silicate surfaces such as glass vessels. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has emerged as a useful non-destructive tool for archaeological investigation. Results from this study indicate the successful application of this technique for the detection of extant organic residues on high-fired glazed Chinese tradeware porcelains.

An Investigation of the Grounds in Nineteenth-Century Chinese Export Oil Paintings

ABSTRACT This article summarises the findings of the first technical art historical study conducted on the oil paintings of nineteenth-century Chinese painters. Twelve paint cross-sections from export oil paintings were examined and compared in order to establish the painters’ use of materials to make the preparatory layers of paintings. The research focuses on the characteristics of the composition of the ground and structure of the build-up ground layers. Attenuated total reflection (ATR) in conjunction with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) were performed to analyse the pigments, fillers, binding media, and additives used in the preparatory layers. The findings are also considered in relation to what is known about Chinese export oil painting techniques and materials of the era.

Environmental regulation, green innovation, and export product quality: What is the role of greenwashing?

To facilitate sustainable growth, green innovation, and industrial upgrading, it is important to explore the relationship between environmental regulations and firm performance. Green innovation is increasingly being recognized as an important determinant of the quality of export products, which plays a critical role in international business and finance. Therefore, this paper empirically examines the impact of green innovation on export product quality at the firm level using relevant data from Chinese exporters. First, we identify a positive relationship between green innovation and export product quality. Second, environmental regulations are observed to have a negative effect on green innovation for highly-polluting firms but do not significantly impact those with lower levels of pollution. Third, our research reveals that the negative effects only exist in those highly-polluting firms that exhibit greenwashing behavior, with financial constraints strengthening these impacts. Therefore, this study reveals that the greenwashing suppression effect curbs the efficiency of environmental regulations on green innovation.

On the evolution of manufacturing production concentration in Mexican states and its relationship to their level of economic complexity

We identify a link between the evolution of the concentration of manufacturing production among Mexican states and their level of economic complexity. Our results suggest that the concentration of manufacturing production among the country’s states evolved according to the predictions of standard models of international trade. However, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) had a particular effect on each individual state, depending on its economic structure. More complex states, i.e., those more productively diverse and specialized in more sophisticated manufacturing goods, experienced a higher increase in their level of production concentration after NAFTA and were less affected by competition from Chinese exports to the U.S. In contrast, NAFTA had a less significant impact on the production concentration of less complex states, while competition from China halted their move towards greater specialization and even reversed it somewhat. These findings highlight the important role of international trade in shaping the development of the economic structure of Mexican states in the period under analysis

Trading Kuznets curve: empirical analysis for China.

Due to inspiring growth over the past 20 years, the dynamics of Chinese exports have been the focus of many researchers. In contrast to current literature, this study examines the quadratic relationship between China’s real exports to 154 partner countries and the income of trading partners from 1996 to 2019. The findings obtained from the second generational econometric analysis confirm cross-section dependence and heterogeneous slope among panel members. Second, while the GDP per capita of partner countries has a positive impact on China’s exports, the quadratic of GDP per capita has a negative impact. These findings indicate an inverted U-shaped relationship between China’s exports and GDP per capita of its partner countries—thus, validating the trading Kuznets curve (TKC) hypothesis. The appreciation of the Renminbi (RMB) has statistically significant negative effects on China’s exports. From a policy perspective, Chinese policymakers could consider the TKC hypothesis when determining market and export strategies. Additionally, the Chinese monetary authority could consider stabilizing the value of the RMB.

Internet and firms’ exports and imports: Firm level evidence from China

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of the Internet on Chinese firms' export and import performance by using China's industrial enterprise and customs data and adopting a propensity score matching difference‐in‐differences method (PSM‐DID). The empirical results show that utilising the Internet has positive effects on firms' exports and imports; however, the effects are mainly concentrated in the first 2–3 years. The positive effect on exports is larger than on domestic sales; thus, the Internet increases export intensity. Further, we investigate the effects of the Internet on the three margins of Chinese exports. First, we borrow the multi‐product multi‐destination firm exporting theory developed by Bernard et al. (The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126, 2011, 1271) and find that the Internet improves not only the extensive margin between firms, but also the within‐firm extensive margin. We then investigate the effects of the Internet on product quality and find that the Internet has a negative effect since Chinese firms export more products to developing countries than to other countries, where the requirements for product quality are relatively low. Our findings empirically justify the ‘Internet Plus’ strategy proposed by the Chinese government with regard to international trade.

The Impact of Global Value Chain Embedding on Carbon Emissions Embodied in China’s Exports

The impact of global value chain (GVC) division of labor on carbon emissions embodied in exports has attracted extensive attention from scholars, but existing studies have not distinguished the heterogeneous impact of different GVC embedding patterns on the carbon emissions embodied in exports. This study examines the effects of two GVC embedding patterns (forward embedding and backward embedding) on carbon emissions embodied in exports using data from 46 sectors in China from 2000 to 2014. The results show that both the backward and forward embedding patterns are characterized by increasing forward participation which increases carbon emissions embodied in Chinese exports. By contrast, the forward embedding pattern is characterized by increasing the length of the forward production chain and increasing the global value chain location index to help reduce the carbon emissions embodied in exports. There is significant heterogeneity in the effect of forward and backward embedding patterns on the carbon emissions embodied in exports. Increasing the length of forward production chains can effectively reduce the carbon emissions embodied in exports in labor-intensive and technology-intensive sectors but has no significant effect on capital-intensive sectors. Therefore, the Chinese government should start to reduce the carbon emissions embodied in China’s exports by changing the GVC embedding pattern, improving the position of GVC embedding, and vigorously developing energy-saving and emission reduction technologies and clean industries, to help China achieve its CO2 reduction target in 2030.

The position of China in trade in services within the European Union

Research background: In recent decades, services in international trade have been growing steadily in importance, and there has been strong growth in China?s trade in services as a result of the ?opening up? policy. China has become the European Union?s second biggest trading partner in services with the European Union (EU), being China?s largest trading partner. The EU is one of the addressees of the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative, which creates opportunities and threads to the European Internal Market in services. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to contribute to the literature and fulfil the research gap on the position of China in intra-EU trade in services. Methods: We identified the most important types of services offered by China to purchasers from the EU countries. By using the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) and trade balance (LFI) indices, we classified the Chinese exports to the EU Internal Market by types of services and by their trade position. Findings & value added: We found out that China might be perceived as a strong competitor for intra-EU trade in selected services, especially those concerning low-end service tasks, that use relatively low-skilled labour and are less knowledge- and capital-intensive. However, China?s attitude is changing towards more sophisticated services for example R&D. It creates a need for a new approach to the EU economic policies (in terms of both protectionism and interventionism) in trade relations in services with China.

Study on the Trade Potential of Chinese Electromechanical Products Export to RCEP Countries

This paper provides a detailed analysis of the complementarity and competitiveness of Chinese electromechanical product trade with the 14 other RCEP member countries through the G-L index and the ESI index. Our study found that China is highly competitive in electromechanical products with Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, Philippines and New Zealand. China's mechanical and electrical products trade with Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, New Zealand, Myanmar and Indonesia is highly complementary. Subsequently, this paper made an empirical analysis of the influencing factors of China's RCEP export countries from 2005 to 2019. The article found that the GDP of RCEP, Chinese GDP, the population size of RCEP, and the trade openness of RCEP have different effects on China's export of mechanical and electrical products. China's mechanical and electrical products export to RCEP countries are in the "potential development type". In view of this, suggestions are made on how to improve China's export of mechanical and electrical products to RCEP countries.