The study of Chinese modern architecture is beneficial to clarifying the development process of Chinese modern architecture, tracing the evolution of Chinese modern urban patterns, and summarizing the development experience, which is of great significance for future urban planning and construction. Through archival research and document reading, this paper sorts out the site selection and construction process of the Beijing Exhibition Hall, focusing on the influence of the metropolis plan, the urban planning and architectural design ideas of the Soviet Union on the planning and construction of the Beijing Exhibition Hall. The influence of Beijing Exhibition Hall and the shaping of urban spirit are summarized, and the importance of Beijing Exhibition Hall is emphasized. It is found that under the influence of Soviet Unions urban planning and architecture thought, Beijing Exhibition Hall had played a key role in the formation of urban space in the western suburbs of Beijing, and also shaped the unique urban spirit of this area.