Patents In China Research Articles

Types of patents and driving forces behind the patent growth in China

As a developing economy, China's unprecedented patenting surge is puzzling. We study China's patent surge and its driving forces using a novel and comprehensive merged dataset on patent applications filed by Chinese firms. We find that R&D investment, FDI, and patent subsidy have different effects on different types of patents. First, R&D investment has a positive and significant impact on patenting activities for all types of patents under different model specifications. Second, the stimulating effect of foreign direct investment on patent applications is only robust for utility model patents and design patents. Third, the patent subsidy only has a positive impact on design patents. The results imply that FDI and patent subsidy may disproportionately spur low-quality patents.

Phase I Study of First-in-Class Oral Triplet Therapy DTRM-555 in Relapsed/Refractory Lymphoma Patients through Fixed-Dose Combination and Synthetic Lethality

Phase I Study of First-in-Class Oral Triplet Therapy DTRM-555 in Relapsed/Refractory Lymphoma Patients through Fixed-Dose Combination and Synthetic Lethality

R&D and patenting activities of foreign firms in China: The case of Japan

This study investigates the research and development (R&D) and patenting activities of foreign firms in China. Utilizing a panel dataset of Japanese affiliates during the period 2001–2007, we first examine the determinants of R&D activity and find that local market-oriented firms place more emphasis on R&D, whereas process export-oriented firms are less likely to conduct R&D. Affiliates within a large business group that has more affiliates have a higher propensity to undertake R&D. Using only firms with positive R&D expenditures, we next estimate the patent production function. Results indicate that the patent elasticity of R&D for Japanese affiliates is high, suggesting that they are more productive on patent production than other firms. Moreover, local market-oriented firms do need more patents to protect their products, whereas scientific firms demonstrate a lower willingness to register patents in China.

Studies of Legal Issues Related to the Implementation of the Patent Linkage System in China

The patent linkage system is a system designed to protect pharmaceutical patents. By analyzing the protection of pharmaceutical patents in China, this thesis mainly explores problems related to the implementation of the patent linkage system in the country, including such legislative, administrative, and judicial defects as inherent defects of current laws and regulations, inaction of functional departments, and no-infringement warranties becoming mere formalities, etc., so as to come out with feasible suggestion(s) that conform(s) to the reality of China in order to help improve generic drug approval procedures, enhance the coordination between functional departments, and thereby facilitate the establishment of a sound patent linkage system.

Analysis of patent application and authorization in a hospital and countermeasures

Objective To share the experience of the patent application, authorization, and transfer in a hospital in last five years, this study aims to improve the patent application and authorization in hospitals. Methods Using data from China Patent Infonet and State Intellectual Property Office of People's Republic of China, we searched the patent application and authorization during Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2016, and included those that patentee was our hospital or the employee of our hospital. Results The number of patent applications was 215, including 151 service intention-creation applications, and 64 non-service intention-creation applications. Patent application and authorization in our hospital have been increasing year by year, covering internal medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics and so forth. Conclusions We accumulated some experience in patent application, authorization and transfer which provide reference for further, more comprehensive and integrated, patent management system. Key words: Patent application; Patent authorization; Service intention-creation; Transfer

Development of a novel indwelling catheter for urethral surgery.

This study aimed to develop an indwelling catheter that can be used for urethral flushing, urethral secretion drainage, local urethral drug delivery, and urine drainage.We designed a new indwelling catheter type that has a balloon, 4 peripheral grooves, and a C-shaped groove on its surface. In addition, there is a flushing channel, a balloon channel, and a urine drainage channel in the catheter body. However, the most critical characteristic is that the flushing channel and the 4 peripheral grooves are connected with the C-shaped groove, and the flushing liquid can reach the C-shaped groove through the flushing channel and then flow out through the peripheral grooves, while the balloon channel leads to the balloon. Generally, our design is to add 4 peripheral grooves, a C-shaped groove, and a flushing channel to the indwelling catheter that is applied clinically nowadays.We designed a new type of indwelling catheter, which is multifunctional, and we had acquired a national patent in China. In theory, the new catheter type cannot only be used for urine drainage, bladder irrigation, but also for urethral flushing, urethral excretion drainage, and local urethral drug delivery at the same time.This new indwelling catheter can theoretically reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infection and facilitate urethral secretion drainage or flushing out, which is especially suitable for the treatment and nursing of patients who underwent urethral operation. However, the new catheter have not been produced and tested clinically, and this is our next step.

A pioneering undertaking to be optimized: legal transplantation and practice of the notice and takedown regime under China's Patent Law

<section class="abstract"> Due to the enormous extent of the e-commerce market in China, the problem of online patent rights infringement has become more severe and has received more attention from Chinese legislators. Therefore, in the latest Draft Patent Law Amendment, the ‘notice and takedown’ rule originally used in copyright law has now been transplanted into patent law to tackle online patent infringement issues. In our view, because there is a clear distinction between infringement of patent right and infringement of copyright, the notice and takedown rule cannot simply be transplanted without creating an unnecessary burden on internet service providers. Based on an evaluation of court rulings of the People's Republic of China, this article will provide recommendations for improving the application of the rule. </section>

Development Trend of Global Green Building Materials Industry Based on Patent Analysis

Using the incopat intelligence platform, the development status of the current green building materials was analyzed from the perspectives of IPC technology composition, patent licensing, patent transfer, patent applications, and patent types. It is concluded that the global green building materials industry is unbalanced in development, and it is necessary to strengthen industrial exchanges and development between countries, to jointly promote and achieve a win-win situation; Despite the high number of patents in China, the patent translation rate of Chinese universities and research institutes is relatively low, and the government should establish a communication platform between industry, universities, and research institutes to gain an in-depth understanding of market demand, which would help to patent transfer.

The standard essential patent ownership in the global energy interconnection collaborative innovation in China

The construction of Global Energy Interconnection is a systematic strategic project, for which the formation of collaborative innovation alliances would provide a strong intellectual support. As there is no existing law specifically applicable to standard essential patents in China, one has to turn to rules on ordinary patents. Nevertheless, the differences between ordinary patents and standard essential patents have given rise to a series of problems with standard essential patent ownership, especially ambiguous legal interpretation, predicament produced by joint ownership, unreasonable rules on service invention ownership. It is an important means to add “Appointment Rules” in Article 20 of the Science and Technology Progress Law, to promote cooperative innovation alliances’ project ownership from contract to articles and to reconstruct the attribution rules of the service inventions. It is also suggested to promote constitutionalization of agreement on ownership within cooperated projects and avoid joint ownership of intellectual property. There is also a need to reform rules on service invention ownership and enhance the employee's bargaining power.

The research status of immune checkpoint blockade by anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1/PD-l1 antibodies in tumor immunotherapy in China

Purpose:Using bibliometrics, we analyzed the research status of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB, a popular tumor immunotherapy method represented by antibodies targeted CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1) in tumor immunotherapy in China during the past 2 decades.Methods:Articles in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), patents in Thomson Innovation, and drugs in Cortellis Competitive Intelligence in the field of ICB for tumor immunotherapy from 1996 to 2015 were the subjects of bibliometric analysis. Using database-attached software and Excel, quantitative analyses were performed including examination of the number of documents, citation frequency, h-index, key projects, quantity of publications, public patents, and status of new drug research.Results:The number of publications from 1996 to 2015 in the field of ICB for tumor immunotherapy that came out of China was 380, which was 14.3% of the total publications worldwide and was second only to that of the USA. In the past decade, China has rapidly increased the number of publications and patents in this field. However, indicators of publication influence, such as citation frequency and h-index, were far behind other advanced countries. In addition, the total number of patents in China was much lower than that of the USA. China has introduced 5 drugs for ICB that are being developed for the healthcare market.Conclusion:Tumor immunotherapy research such as ICB in China has developed rapidly with increasing influence in the last 2 decades. However, there is still a relatively large gap compared with the USA. It is expected that China will have greater influence on tumor immunotherapy research in the near future.

Development trend of quantity of patents of China patent law

Among fierce competition, it is imperative for industry to be dedicated to adjusting strategic planning in the related R&D activities. However patent is a defensive weapon to protect R&D achievements and an attack weapon to contain the competitive opponents. The emergence of China economy generates the establishment of many own brands one after another, facilitating that China is gradually transformed from imitator. Regarding comprehensive aspect, if decision makers can use the efficient prediction tools to conduct patent trend that will benefit the establishment of precise R&D strategy. To start from this point, the research studies the patent development trend in China for the last few years. The research applies the empirical analysis to study the model accuracy. In the selection of prediction tools, Grey theory is a prevalent prediction method that can be constructed with limited information and can provide a better prediction advantage for short-term prediction. Additionally, application of Grey prediction method featured with handling non-linear problems, insufficient information sources and small sample. In the meantime, the research adds linear regression, exponential smoothing and moving average and takes some patents in China as background to conduct selection among different prediction models. The results indicate that Grey theory is not only equipped with advantage for short-term prediction but also has considerable accuracy than the other traditional models even statistics increase and is under steady growth of trend.

Evolution Characteristics of Government-Industry-University-Research Cooperative Innovation Network for China’s Agriculture and Influencing Factors: Illustrated According to Agricultural Patent Case

Under the special background of China, the cooperative innovation between different government-industry-universityresearch institutes plays an increasingly important role in the agricultural field. However, the existing literature has paid little attention to it. Considering the cooperation patents, published in the agriculture field stemming from the Full-text Database of China Patents as the study object, the spatial and institutional attribute of the authors as the data source, and by combining the social network and spatial econometrics analysis, this paper analyzes the structure evolution characteristics of cooperative innovation networks of agricultural government-industry-university-research institute in the city level of China in 1985–2014, based on the triple helix theory, with the influence factors discussed. This shows that, 1) since 1985, China’s agricultural innovation level has been substantially increased, but the development degree of the cooperative innovation network is low, and the patent cooperation mainly relies on authors in the same unit; 2) enterprises play a leading role in the agricultural cooperative innovation. The effect of the government and hybrid organizations driven by the government is not obvious; 3) the cooperative innovation in the province and city dominates, and a multi-pole pattern has been formed. The cooperative innovation network structure evolves from a single helix empty core and double helix multi core to a double helix hierarchical network; 4) the city’s science, education funding and personnel investment are key factors determining the agricultural cooperative innovation, while the agricultural development of the city presents slight negative impacts on it. The spatial mismatch of supply and demand is present in the technical cooperative innovation of China’s agriculture. Therefore, the science enhancement and education investment to big agricultural provinces should be promptly implemented.

To License or Sell: A Study on the Patent Transaction Modes in China

Analyzing a unique, previously unavailable, government patent database, this study investigates the determinants of transaction modes (namely to sell, license or retain) of invention and utility model patents in China. The results suggest that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between an invention patent's quality and the probability of it being licensed out while no relationship exists between a utility model's quality and the probability of it being transacted. We also find that a firm with economically-motivated patent strategies is less likely to sell its invention patents while a firm with administratively-motivated patent strategies are more likely to transact its patents.

Study on Forming Mode and Operating Mechanism of China's Patent Alliance: Based on Case Investigation

Study on Forming Mode and Operating Mechanism of China's Patent Alliance: Based on Case Investigation

Early Interim Results of a Phase 2Clinical Trial of Brachytherapy With Single-Channel Applicator for Cervical Carcinoma

To evaluate whether a single-channel intracavitary applicator ( China Patent number:200710050108.1) which transformed from a traditional tandem applicator with a oval-shaped shield maded of high density alloy has the same clinical efficacy and safety as the standard Fletcher-type applicator in the high-dose-rate(HDR) brachytherapy for carcinoma of the cervix. From December 1st 2011 to December 1st 2014, 112 patients with cervix cancer were randomly assigned to the Patent applicator group (n=54) and the Fletcher applicator group(n=58). All but seven patients with early stage were treated with concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) followed by HDR brachytherapy. Whole pelvis irradiation was given with 6-MV photons via a four-field box variants or anterior and posterior parallel fields. The standard prescribed dose was 46 to 50 Gy, consisting of 23 to 25 fractions 5 to 6 weeks apart. Five to six fractions with a dose of 7 Gy per fraction of intracavitary brachytherapy at point A once a week were designed for all patients after the third week of pelvic irradiation.This regimen gives a total equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions (EQD2) of 80-90 Gy to Point A. Chemotherapy was given with intravenous cisplatin 40 mg/m2 once a week during the EBRT. The acute toxicities and the late toxicities were evaluated according to the RTOG grading scale. The Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare the overall survival (OS), the progression-Free-Survival (PFS) and the local control (LC). The 2-year OS rate in the two groups was 72.4% in the Fletcher group and 83.2% in the Patent group, respectively. The 2-year PFS rate was 69.0% in the Fletcher group and 79.4% in the Patent group. The 2-year LC rate was 72.4% in the Fletcher group and 79.4% in the Patent group. The seriousness of acute treatment-related toxicities was similar in the two groups. 34 (58.6%) patients in the Fletcher group and 29 (53.7%) in the Patent group had Grade 3–4 hematologic toxicity. No Grade 4 nonhematologic toxicity was observed in the two groups. 5 (8.6%) patients in the Fletcher group and 10 (18.5%) in the Patent group had Grade 3 acute gastrointestinal toxicity. Grade 3 acute rectal reaction and genitourinary effect for the Fletcher group was both 1.7%, and for the Patent group was both 1.9%. The cumulative rate of late rectal complications for Grade 3–4 in the Fletcher group and the Patent group was 5.2% and 1.9%, respectively. The bladder late complications rate of Grade 3–4 was 1.7% for the Fletcher group, and no patients in the Patent group had serious bladder late complications． The early interim results of our study have shown that the patent single-channel intracavitary applicator may be able to provide a protection for the rectum and bladder, and has the same clinical efficacy as the standard Fletcher type three-channel applicator in the HDR brachytherapy for carcinoma of the cervix. Further studies are needed to assess long-term outcomes and associated toxicities.

The Analysis of Transdisciplinary Integration Characteristic for China's Pure Electric Vehicles Technology from Patent Perspective

Pure electric vehicle(PEV) technology is experiencing a rapid growth in vehicle markets of China. It could bring significant changes for society in terms of moving our economies away from petroleum and lessoning the environmental footprint of transportation. This paper reports a study into the use of China's patents to analyse transdisciplinary integration characteristic of PEV technology. The aim of this paper is to grasp the law of the development and evolution of PEV technology by revealing the feature of PEV technology, Our study is potentially useful to individuals seeking to improve the quality of their work.

Institutional Regime Shift in Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation Strategies of Firms in China

This study develops a novel conceptual framework to understand the differential impact of formal institutional regime shift in intellectual property rights on the innovation and patenting strategies of Chinese and Western firms operating in China. We argue that to the extent that Chinese firms have been deeply embedded in China’s informal institutions, they are less responsive to formal institutional changes than Western firms operating in China. Using the major China patent law reform of 2001 as an exogenous event, we find results consistent with our key arguments: With the strengthening of the previously weak (utility model) patent protection, Chinese firms are less likely to apply for such patents to safeguard their innovations than Western firms. However, this difference becomes less pronounced in regions with higher quality intellectual property rights and legal institutions that foster research and development and innovation, and when Western firms gain longer operational experience in China. This study advances our understanding of the intricate interaction between formal and informal institutions and specifically how “stickiness” may arise in their substitutive relationship because of the embeddedness of firms in informal institutional environments. It also provides important implications for policy and innovation strategies for policy makers and firms in emerging economies.

Domestic trends in malaria research and development in China and its global influence

BackgroundThough many countries, including China, are moving towards malaria elimination, malaria remains a major global health threat. Due to the spread of antimalarial drug resistance and the need for innovative medical products during the elimination phase, further research and development (R&D) of innovative tools in both epidemic and elimination areas is needed. This study aims to identify the trends and gaps in malaria R&D in China, and aims to offer suggestions on how China can be more effectively involved in global malaria R&D.MethodsQuantitative analysis was carried out by collecting data on Chinese malaria-related research programmes between 1985 and 2014, invention patents in China from 1985 to 2014, and articles published by Chinese researchers in PubMed and Chinese databases from 2005 to 2014. All data were screened and extracted for numerical analysis and were categorized into basic sciences, drug/drug resistance, immunology/vaccines, or diagnostics/detection for chronological and subgroup comparisons.ResultsThe number of malaria R&D activities have shown a trend of increase during the past 30 years, however these activities have fluctuated within the past few years. During the past 10 years, R&D on drug/drug resistance accounted for the highest percentages of research programmes (32.4%), articles (55.0% in PubMed and 50.6% in Chinese databases) and patents (45.5%). However, these R&D activities were mainly related to artemisinin. R&D on immunology/vaccines has been a continuous interest for China’s public entities, but the focus remains on basic science. R&D in the area of high-efficiency diagnostics has been rarely seen or reported in China.ConclusionsChina has long been devoted to malaria R&D in multiple areas, including drugs, drug resistance, immunology and vaccines. R&D on diagnostics has received significantly less attention, however, it should also be an area where China can make a contribution. More focus on malaria R&D is needed, especially in the area of diagnostics, if China would like to contribute in a more significant way to global malaria control and elimination.

Small-world network effects on innovation: evidences from nanotechnology patenting

This paper explores the effects of collaboration network on innovation in nanotechnology. We extend the idea of small-world to the heterogeneous network positions of actors by capturing the variation of how closely a given actor is connected to others in the same network and how clustered its neighbors are. We test the effects of small-world network in the context of nanotechnology patenting in China. Empirical results reveal that small-worldness, or the co-existence of high clustering and low path length in the network, displays inverse U-shape relationships with future patent output of the individual inventors and the system. Interestingly, the inflection point of the nonlinear relationship is significantly higher at the individual level. Based on these findings, we suggest that researchers of nanotechnology maintain a balance between friends in close-knit inner circles and colleagues in distant areas in their collaboration decisions and that policymakers interested in furthering the field offer collaboration opportunities for researchers in distant locations and areas.

The Influence of International Intellectual Property Law in China on Development of China Intellectual Property Law

According to the summary of the multilateral, bilateral and three sides of the international intellectual property were signed by China, the article formally analyze contents classification of the international intellectual property law, international intellectual property law signed time, sorting by total number member of the international intellectual property law, ranking international intellectual property law general principles. The article substantially analyze the influence of international intellectual property law in China on development of China patent law, trademark law and copyright law. The conclusion is that the influence of international intellectual property law in China on development of China intellectual property law.