High-speed Railway In China Research Articles

Incipient winding fault detection and diagnosis for squirrel-cage induction motors equipped on CRH trains

Stator/rotor winding faults are the common faults in squirrel-cage induction motor systems, which motivates the study of incipient fault detection and isolation (IFDI) to improve the safety and reliability of CRH (China Railway High-speed) trains. In this paper, a dynamic model for squirrel caged induction motor in d-q coordinate system is established firstly, further, the models and characteristics of incipient broken-rotor-bar fault and turn-to-turn short fault are analyzed. After that, a novel robust diagnosis design is proposed for the possible incipient stator/rotor winding faults. Experimental analyses show that the detection and isolation scheme designed in this paper provides high sensitivity and accurate isolation to incipient winding faults.

Time-Dependent Pricing for High-Speed Railway in China Based on Revenue Management

High-speed railway (HSR) is recognized as a green transportation mode with lower energy consumption and less pollution emission than other transportation. At present, China has the largest HSR network globally, but the maximum revenue of railway transportation corporations has not been realized. In order to make HSR achieve a favorable position within the fierce competition in the market, increase corporate revenue, and achieve the sustainable development of HSR and railway corporations, we introduce the concept of revenue management in HSR operations and propose an innovative model to optimize the price and seat allocation for HSR simultaneously. In the study, we formulate the optimization problem as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model, which appropriately captures passengers’ choice behavior. To reduce the computational complexity, we further transform the proposed MINLP model into an equivalent model. Finally, the effectiveness of both the proposed model and solution algorithm are tested and validated by numerical experiments. The research results show that the model can flexibly adjust the price and seat allocation of the corresponding ticketing period according to the passenger demand, and increase the total expected revenue by 5.92% without increasing the capacity.

Study on typical failure forms and causes of high-speed railway wheels

High-speed railway in china embraced rapid development in recent years. The operating environment of high-speed railway in china is unique, containing long routing of high-speed trains, low temperatures, corrosive and sand environments. As an important safety component of rolling stock, the safety and reliability of the wheels is of deep concern and high value. It is significant to carefully study and systematically summarize the damage from different failure types in high-speed railway wheels under current conditions, and determine the influencing factors and mechanisms of wheel failures in order to improve railway operation safety. In this paper, the damage forms of high-speed railway wheels in China are introduced, and the main influencing factors of wheel failure are discussed in combination with wheel damage characteristics. What's more, damage mechanism is analyzed aiming at providing theoretical references for reducing failure rate and improving train operation quality.

Cognition and driving safety: How does the high-speed railway drivers’ cognitive ability affect safety performance?

A relationship between cognitive ability and safety performance in car drivers has been consistently supported in previous literature. However, this relationship has been neglected in research regarding high-speed railway drivers. Drivers play a vital role in ensuring safety operation of high-speed railway in China. Therefore, it is of great significance to predict the impact of cognitive ability and railway driving experience of high-speed railway (HSR) drivers on safety performance. This study uses a standard driving adaptability system to assess driver’s cognitive abilities which predict safety performance in Chinese high-speed railway.154 HSR drivers completed a standardized driving adaptability system test on a display device, which is widely used in the HSR drivers’ selection in China. The driving adaptability system is used to assess attention, multiple reaction ability, learning ability, short-term memory, speed anticipation and performance stability. Thereafter, monthly performance assessment data were collected after cognitive test since they truly reflect the driver's safety performance.Research found that attention, speed anticipation and performance stability were found to positively predict safety performance of HSR drivers. The railway driving experience plays a moderating role in the relationship between speed anticipation and safety performance, performance stability and safety performance. The richer the driver's driving experience, the stronger the effect of speed perception and job stability on safety performance, and vice versa. The results provide new ideas for the selection and management of HSR drivers and the improvement of driver safety performance.

Robustness assessment of China's high-speed railway transportation network

Abstract. The robustness of the high-speed rail transportation network is closely related to the passenger transportation efficiency, and is also a concrete manifestation of the anti-jamming capability of the high-speed railway transportation system. By the end of 2017, the business mileage of Chinese high-speed railway has reached 25,164 km, the number of passengers has reached 175.216 million, accounting for 56.8% of railway passenger traffic; the number of passenger turnover has reached 587.56 billion person-km, accounting for 43.7% of railway passenger traffic turnover.As of 2018 On December 4th, the country operate 4,251 high-speed railway trains every day. At the same time, passenger transportation efficiency of high-speed railways is highly susceptible to sudden events such as natural disasters. Therefore, quantitative assessment of anti-jamming capability of high-speed railway network, and the propose of specific improvements, are of great practical significance to improve passenger transport efficiency, enhance scientific decision-making high-speed rail transport infrastructure investments.This paper used the the high-speed train running data on December 4, 2018 to analyze the work.Its high-speed railway network schematic is shown in Figure 1.The Scale-free property of networks means that the node degree of networks obeys power-law distribution. It is generally believed that scale-free networks exhibit robustness against random faults and vulnerability to deliberate attacks. In this paper, the regularity of node degree change is expressed by distribution function P(k). As shown in the degree distribution of double logarithmic coordinate system as shown in Figure 2, the network has a great goodness of fit and better obeys power law score.That is to say, the network is a scale-free network.In this paper, random attacks and deliberate attack simulations are used to observe the condition of the structure of China's high-speed railway network, and in order to measure the robustness of high-speed rail network. Among them, the formula refers to random delete a node from the network; deliberate attack is to delete nodes according to their importance. Attack strategies for node degree and intermediate centrality are used to determine which nodes are selected for each simulated attack (the lower the importance, the smaller the impact on the network). According to the three attack strategies for the high-speed railway transportation network, experiments are carried out to carry out continuous simulation attacks on the network: in each time, a node in the network and all its connected edges are deleted, the relative average shortest path and average clustering coefficient of the network at this time are counted. And the degree of fragmentation, looping until all nodes in the network are deleted, that is to say, the network is completely invalid. In Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the X axis represents the number of attack nodes, and the Y axis represents the current network structure feature metric.It can be seen that the intentional attack based on the centrality of node mediation has the most serious damage to the network, that is, in other word, the state of splitting and crashing of the network.. For deliberate attacks, China's high-speed railway transport network is very fragile, and attacking nodes with high intermediary centrality value is the most destructive to China's high-speed railway transport network. Therefore,in order to ensure the normal operation of passenger transport we need to focus on ensuring the stability of the sites with the highest intermediary value. This paper ranks the sites according to the value of intermediary centrality. Figure 6 shows the top 10 sites in China's high-speed rail transport network with centrality as intermediaries.

Current Status and Prospects of Application of Sound Barrier for High-Speed Railway in China

The sound barrier is the main measure of noise control of high-speed railway in China. This paper analyzes the application status and effect of high-speed railway sound barrier, clarifies the noise reduction effect and main influencing factors of various types of vertical sound barriers used and analyzes the problems existing in the application of vertical sound barrier to high-speed railway in China. The prospects of three aspects of vertical sound barrier optimization, new sound barrier and enhanced noise source control technology are proposed to promote the comprehensive control of high-speed railway noise. Research on high-speed railway noise control technology provides reference.

Incipient Fault Detection for Traction Motors of High-Speed Railways Using an Interval Sliding Mode Observer

This paper proposes a stator-winding incipient shorted-turn fault detection method for the traction motors used in China high-speed railways. First, a mathematical description for incipient shorted-turn faults is given from the quantitative point of view to preset the fault detectability requirement. Then, an interval sliding mode observer is proposed to deal with the uncertainties caused by measuring errors from motor speed sensors. The active robust residual generator and the corresponding passive robust threshold generator are proposed based on this particularly designed observer. Furthermore, design parameters are optimized to satisfy the fault detectability requirement. This developed technique is applied to an electrical traction motor to verify its effectiveness and practicability.

Reliability analysis of high-speed railway network

The reliability of high-speed railway network is an important issue for the sustainable development of railway traffic. A high reliable railway network not only has a longer service life but also has a greater ability to resist destruction of the network. In this article, based on the theory of complex network, we construct a topological networked model to study and analyze the reliability of high-speed railway network with respect to the destruction caused by natural disasters, geological disasters, equipment failure, or man-made disasters. In real world, heavy rain and snow storms are frequent on a large scale. These destructed regions are represented by network communities. Here, we put forward an evaluation index to quantify the network reliability. Taking China high-speed railway network as an example, the results show that some key communities has great influence on the network reliability. When these key communities are destructed by some natural factors, the reliability of railway network would reduce greatly or even breakdown. In addition, we find that the network reliability with the number of deleted communities approximately shows an exponential law.

Cyclic behaviour of coarse-grained materials exposed to freeze-thaw cycles: Experimental evidence and evolution model

With the rapid development of high-speed railways (HSRs) in seasonally frozen regions in China in recent years, there is an increasing need for better understanding of how the construction materials behave. In particular, the dynamic behaviours of coarse-grained materials (CGMs) used for China's HSRs subjected to combined actions of cyclic loading and freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles has attracted much attention. In this study, a series of cyclic triaxial tests were performed to investigate the characteristics of CGMs considering the effects of number of F-T cycles (NFT), confining pressures (σ3), dynamic stress amplitude (σ¯d), and fines content (FC). Representative test results of accumulative axial strain (εacc), resilient modulus (Mr), dynamic shear modulus (Gd) and damping ratio (D) are then presented and discussed. Empirical models are proposed and validated for predicting the evolution of εacc and Mr for CGMs under the cyclic loading. In addition, the evolution models of Gd and D were established, which can be used for computing the response of CGMs under various influencing factors. Overall, this study provides further insights into the cyclic behaviours of CGMs in seasonally frozen regions.

The correlation between HSR construction and economic development – Empirical study of Chinese cities

Based on the situation of high-speed railway (HSR) construction in the past decade in China, as well as China’s latest national railway network planning proposal, this paper studies the correlation between the economic development and the opportunity of obtaining HSR infrastructure investment for Chinese cities in different periods over time span 2007–2030. The “winners” and “losers” of obtaining HSR infrastructure investments are determined and the reason is explained by a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model. According to the findings, the spatiotemporal development strategy of China’s HSR is revealed. Further, the implications of the HSR for the economic development of Chinese cities are presented. It hopes that the results presented in this paper could facilitate Chinese cities with the appropriate urban developing policies for both the economy promotion and HSR infrastructure construction; moreover, the rapid development of China's economy and HSR can bring a good example to other countries in the world.

An Analysis of the Heterogeneous Impact of the High-Speed Rail Opening on the Growth Rate of Total Factor Productivity

The rapid development of high-speed railways in China has greatly promoted exchanges and cooperation between the regions, and improved the level of collaborative innovation and economic efficiency between the regions. Based on the panel data of municipalities and prefecture-level cities in 2004—2014, this paper empirically analyzes the heterogeneity impact of high-speed rail opening on the growth rate of TFP and further tests the robustness of the empirical results. The results show that, on the whole, the opening of high-speed rail promotes the growth rate of TFP in the opening regions, but there are differences in different levels of cities: the opening of high-speed rail improves the TFP growth rate in regional central urban areas and non-central urban areas, but inhibits the growth rate of TFP in the central cities of the whole country. From a regional perspective, the high-speed rail opening has different TFP growth rates for different opening regions: the opening of high-speed rail has promoted the growth rate of TFP in the eastern region, but the impact on the growth rate of TFP in the central and western regions is not significant. In addition, the high-speed rail has a heterogeneous impact on the dynamic effect and the hysteresis effect of the TFP growth rate in the opening area. At the same time, the opening of high-speed rail has a heterogeneous impact on the improvement of technical efficiency, the rate of technological progress and the change of scale efficiency in different levels of cities and regions, and has the largest impact on the change of scale efficiency.

Cyclic Timetable Scheduling Problem on High-speed Railway Line

Due to several obvious advantages both in transport marketing and train operation planning, the cyclic timetable has already applied in many high-speed railway (HSR) countries. In order to adopt the cyclic timetable in China's HSR system, a Mixed Integer Programmer (MIP) model is proposed in this paper involving many general constraints, such as running time, dwell time, headway, and connection constraints. In addition, the real-world overtaking rule that concerning a train with higher priority will not be overtaken by a slower one is incorporated into the cyclic timetable optimization model. An approach based on fixed departure is proposed to get a cyclic timetable with minimum total journey time within a reasonable time. From numerical investigations using data from Guangzhou-Zhuhai HSR line in China, the proposed model and associated approach are tested and shown to be effective.

An Empirical Study on the Comprehensive Optimization Method of a Train Diagram of the China High Speed Railway Express

The rapid and stable development of China’s economy has driven the increasing demand for express transportation. Based on network operation, China Railway Corporation of High-speed Railway launched high-speed rail products, which have attracted wide attention from all walks of life. With the application of high-speed express trains, the market structure of express transportation in China will change dramatically, from highways as the main mode of transportation to high-speed railway transportation relying on a high-speed railway network, which will effectively reduce the environmental pollution caused by express transportation and further improve the sustainable development of the economy and the logistics industry. At present, the freight Electric Multiple Units (EMU) has been successfully developed and has entered the final test stage. In the last paper, we have introduced the theory and method of the high-speed rail express train operation plan. In addition, a train diagram is an important foundation of railway transportation organization. In order to ensure the sustainable development of high-speed rail express trains after they are put into use, based on the operation plan of high-speed rail express trains, this paper establishes a comprehensive compilation model of a high-speed rail express train diagram, considering train running time, freight flow distribution scheme, and the operation plan of freight multiple units, and an exact solution algorithm based on the Lagrange relaxation algorithm is designed. The computational results are encouraging and demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and solution method.

Pitting Corrosion of Natural Aged Al⁻Mg⁻Si Extrusion Profile.

With the quick development of the high-speed railway and the service of the China Railway High-speed (CRH) series for almost a decade, one of the greatest challenges is the management/maintenance of these trains in environmental conditions. It is critical to estimate pitting damage initiation and accumulation and set up a corresponding database in order to support the foundations for interactive corrosion risk management. In this work, the pitting corrosion of a nature-aged commercial 6005A-T6 aluminum extrusion profile for 200 days was studied comprehensively. The heterogeneous microstructures were conventionally identified by the in situ eddy current, suggesting which investigated regions to fabricate samples for. After constant immersion for 240 h in 3.5 wt % NaCl, the shapes and depths of the pits were captured and measured by optical microscope (OM) and three-dimensional optical profilometry (OP), providing detailed quantification of uniform pitting corrosion. The typical features of the pits dominated by the distribution of precipitates include the peripheral dissolution of the Al matrix, channeling corrosion, intergranular attack, and large pits in the grains. Due to the high density of continuous anodic and cathodic particles constituted by alloying elements in coarse grains, the number of pits in the coarse grains was the highest while the number in the fine grains was the lowest, indicating that fine grains have the best corrosion resistance. The experimental dataset of the pit depth integrated with its corresponding microstructure would set the benchmark for further modeling of the pit depth and the remaining ductility, in order to manage the damage tolerance of the materials.

Modeling the Influence of Disturbances in High-Speed Railway Systems

Accurately forecasting the influence of disturbances in High-Speed Railways (HSR) has great significance for improving real-time train dispatching and operation management. In this paper, we show how to use historical train operation records to estimate the influence of high-speed train disturbances (HSTD), including the number of affected trains (NAT) and total delayed time (TDT), considering the timetable and disturbance characteristics. We first extracted data about the disturbances and their affected train groups from historical train operation records of Wuhan-Guangzhou (W-G) HSR in China. Then, in order to recognize the concatenations and differences of disturbances, we used a K-Means clustering algorithm to classify them into four categories. Next, parametric and nonparametric density estimation approaches were applied to fit the distributions of NAT and TDT of each clustered category, and the goodness-of-fit testing results showed that Log-normal and Gamma distribution probability densities are the best functions to approximate the distribution of NAT and TDT of different disturbance clusters. Specifically, the validation results show that the proposed models accurately revealed the characteristics of HSTD and that these models can be used in real-time dispatch to predict the NAT and TDT, once the basic features of disturbances are known.

Interval Sliding Mode Observer Based Incipient Sensor Fault Detection With Application to a Traction Device in China Railway High-Speed

This paper proposes an interval sliding mode observer (ISMO) and an incipient sensor faults detection method for a class of nonlinear control systems with observer unmatched uncertainties. The interval bounds for continuous nonlinear functions and new injection functions are constructed to design ISMOs. An incipient fault detection framework with newly designed residual and threshold generators is proposed. The detectability is then studied, and a set of sufficient detectable conditions are presented. Applications to an electrical traction device used in China Railway High-speed (CRH) are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed incipient sensor fault detection methodology.

Influence of Top Shape on Noise Reduction Effect of High-Speed Railway Noise Barrier

The top shape of the noise barrier mainly affects the acoustic diffraction, scattering and interference, changes the acoustic transmission path, increases the number and difficulty of diffraction, and thus reduces the field noise. This paper investigates the structural parameters of T-shaped and Y-shaped noise barriers at the top, analyses the noise reduction effect of different structural noise barriers by empirical formula method, and draws a conclusion with universal reference value, which provides a reference for the selection of noise barrier and noise control of high-speed railways in China.

A maximum noise-level prediction method for high-speed railways in China: A case study using the Baiyun campus of Guangdong polytechnic normal university

China's high-speed railway system has made rapid progress in the past 10 years, but at the same time, it has brought noise pollution problems to the surrounding areas. The Baiyun Campus of Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University is located near the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway. To evaluate the impact of high-speed railway noise on student learning, the sound pressure levels, spectrum of frequencies, window attenuations and other parameters of the noise from the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway are measured. A maximum noise-level prediction model for high-speed railway noise is established based on the experimental data. The distribution of the maximum noise level in the school district is calculated used the established model and the effect of noise on student learning was discussed. The results show that the model prediction results are consistent with the experimental results, and the average absolute error is less than 2 dBA. Although the hourly equivalent noise level is in accordance with the environment quality standard of noise, the maximum noise level when the train is passing is still high, exceeding 65 dBA inside some classrooms and even exceeding 70 dBA in open space, which has a significant impact on student learning. The results of this study have important application value for assessing the impact of high-speed railway noise in China.

Application of remote monitoring and management of high-speed rail transportation based on ZigBee sensor network

Operational safety is the prerequisite for high-speed railway to carry out transportation work, and with the increasing mileage of high-speed railway in China, higher requirements are put forward for monitoring the operation environment of high-speed trains. From the point of view of the whole road, the wireless sensor network technology is fully applied to the monitoring of high-speed train operation environment. Based on the actual requirement of the high-speed train operating environment monitoring, the overall structure and logic frame of the high-speed train operating environment monitoring system based on wireless sensor network are put forward. By establishing the node structure model algorithm, and taking natural disaster and foreign object intrusion detection as an application example, the natural disaster and foreign object intrusion detection system based on wireless sensor network are designed.

High-speed railway perimeter intrusion detection approach based on Internet of Things

Efficient perimeter intrusion detection approach is vital to safety management of China high-speed railway. In this article, for high-speed railway perimeter intrusion detection problem, a perimeter intrusion detection framework based on Internet of Things is designed to integrate different detection sensors. A data fusion algorithm was proposed to fuse multisensor data for improving detection precision. Computational results of normal condition and severe weather environment show our approach is effective and efficient for high-speed railway perimeter intrusion detection under Internet of Things, and is significant for safety management of China high-speed railway.