Children's Views Research Articles

Case Report of a 14-Year-Old Girl with Addison's Disease Under Initial Presumptive Diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa: Confusingly Similar and Yet so Different?

Case Report of a 14-Year-Old Girl with Addison's Disease Under Initial Presumptive Diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa: Confusingly Similar and Yet so Different? Abstract: Objective: Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) is a rare differential diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. This case report presents important differential diagnostic aspects. Methods: We prepared a case report of a 14-year-old female patient according to the CARE guidelines, taking the patient's and the child's parents' view into consideration. Results: The diagnosis of primary adrenocortical insufficiency was reached using specific laboratory diagnostics approximately 9 months after the onset of symptoms, including sudden body weight loss. Significant differential diagnostic aspects were the absence of a body schema disorder and skin hyperpigmentation prominent in the physical examination. The patient experienced a high psychosocial burden because of the unclear diagnosis over 9 months. The diagnosis and substitution therapy with hydrocortisone led to a rapid improvement of the physical and psychological symptoms. Conclusions: This case report emphasizes the importance of a thorough somatic differential diagnosis in the context of a suspected anorexia nervosa.

The image of the national landscape in the short novel “Pilgrimage” by Ivan Shmelev

The purpose of the study is to examine the peculiarities of the artistic embodiment of the national landscape image in the short novel "Pilgrimage" by Ivan Sergeevich Shmelev, a writer of the first half of the 20th century. The relevance of the study is determined by the apparently growing interest of modern literary and scientific circles in the rich creative heritage of the writer, the desire to reveal the originality, uniqueness and singularity of his talent, the versatility of the artistic world. The research methods used were descriptive, interpretative and biographical. The results of the literary analysis show that the image of the national landscape presented in the "Pilgrimage" by I. S. Shmelev has a two-dimensional structure, combining realistic and ideal levels. This is explained by the peculiarity of children's view of the world, as the image of nature is given through the prism of the child protagonist’s point of view. The treatment of the theme of the native landscape is based on the motif of beauty, updated in the setting of the young hero's admiration for the uniqueness, charm and elegance of the surrounding world. The author's discourse, included in the text, brings to the narrative features of idealisation, associated with the motif of memories of a bygone childhood and a homeland lost in social cataclysms. The image of Russian nature in "Pilgrimage" develops the motifs of silence, peace, joy, joyful admiration of nature, wonder, fairy tale and spirituality. The leitmotifs in the poetics of the work are the landscape images of sun, light, dazzling brilliance, which converge with the motif of joy and the image of "golden" childhood. In "Pilgrimage", the dominant colour is the rose-gold, white and blue scale, which shades the idea of the sacredness of God's world and echoes nostalgic motifs. The symbolic images of Easter and the motif of Easter joy introduce the theme of eternal life, salvation and resurrection into the text.

Child Soccer Players' Perceptions of Strength and Conditioning Training: A Multimethod Approach Using Write, Draw, Show and Tell.

The use of strength and conditioning training in childhood is a hot topic surrounded by myths and misconceptions. Despite scientific evidence supporting the safety and benefits of this training for children, the lack of representation of their voices poses a challenge in designing training programs that meet their specific needs and requirements. Children's views, experiences, and perceptions of strength and conditioning training were explored by Write, Draw, Show and Tell techniques. Sixteen grassroots soccer players aged 11-12years took part in one of 3 focus groups exploring the topic. Data were analyzed following an inductive approach enabling themes to be explored and later deductive analyses using the Youth Physical Activity Promotion model to create pen profile diagrams. Strength and conditioning were frequently associated with muscle growth, coordination, endurance, and rest. Enabling factors included autonomy, resilience, physical development, and training opportunities. Reinforcing factors included social support, social interference, coaches' communication, role models, and the ways of implementation. Participants favor integrating strength and conditioning into their soccer training rather than conducting it as a separate session, which is reflected in their enjoyment. Nonetheless, children remain apprehensive about the potential effects of this type of training on their growth.

Health-Related Quality of Life in Kindergarten Children with Developmental Language Disorder: Child-Mother Agreement.

Language disorders are associated with difficulties in various aspects of life, such as academic and social functioning, resulting in impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Most studies use a parent proxy method to assess HRQoL. Since HRQoL refers to the subjective experience of an individual, it is necessary to assess children's perspectives along with their mothers'. The aim of the current study is to explore HRQoL rating agreement between children and their mothers, since the literature on other conditions suggests that discrepancies seem to reflect their different perspectives. Thus, 53 Greek-speaking children diagnosed with DLD attending kindergarten and their mothers completed, respectively, self-report and parent proxy PedsQLTM questionnaires. Mothers reported significantly better HRQoL than their children with developmental language disorder (DLD) in all HRQoL domains (p < 0.001). Poor agreement was revealed after comparing the scores from both responders, both in abstract domains, such as emotional functioning, as well as in more observable ones, such as physical health (ICC ranged from -0.05 to 0.07). Bland-Altman plots also showed poor agreement on HRQoL. Our results expand on the already known, from other conditions, importance of evaluating children's subjective experience of their HRQoL in kindergarten children with DLD. A multi-informant approach is ideal, and clinicians should prioritize children's view about their lives even when they are kindergarten-age. This approach could inform interventions focusing not only on language skills but also on other areas where it is necessary, depending on the child's subjective experience combined with the maternal perspective.

‘Adoption is Kinda Hard and Kinda Cool’: Residential care children's views on adoption and preparation for adoption

AbstractPreparing children for adoption is one of the major goals of the child welfare system. Research on adoption preparation has mainly focused on the perspective of adults, and studies addressing the views of children eligible for adoption are meagre. This study aimed to contribute to filling this gap by exploring the child's perspective on adoption and preparation for adoption. Twenty children aged 9–13 years old (seven girls) and living in residential care institutions, participated in three semi‐structured focus group interviews. Thematic analysis of the data revealed three major themes: understanding of adoption, challenges associated with adoption and preparation and other factors that facilitate adoption. The results suggest that children perceive adoption as an opportunity for a better life that involves challenges such as navigating ambivalence, distancing from biological parents and anticipated risks. Preparation for adoption is key to overcome the expected difficulties. We discussed these results considering the importance of prioritizing children's best interests and exploring practical applications of incorporating their perspectives in adoption preparation. Addressing the views of children eligible for adoption may contribute to promoting the quality of child‐centred care in adoption preparation practices.

Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of a patient-reported experience measure for children.

There is no national, validated, generic patient-reported experience measure (PREM) for children under 15 years of age in Sweden. A recent cross-sectional study found no consensus in how children's voices are heard in paediatric health care, as well as a lack of validated questionnaires. The aim of this study is to translate, adapt and validate the six versions of the Children's and Young People's PREM for use in a Swedish health care context. An exploratory sequential mixed-method design including cognitive interviews and content validity index (CVI) was used. The interviews focused on evaluating children's understanding of the questionnaire, and the CVI was used to further adjust the relevance of the questionnaire. A convenience sample of 62 children participated in the cognitive interviews and an additional convenience sample of 42 children was included in the CVI testing. The children, aged 8-16 years, were attending routine visits at paediatric departments in a county hospital and a children's hospital in the mid-Sweden region between October 2020 and June 2022. The translation, adaptation and validation process identified several issues regarding the understanding of the questionnaire in a Swedish context. Adaptations were made based on issues related to context, wording and the structure of the questions. CVI testing resulted in the removal of 3-10 questions in each of the different versions of the questionnaire. The study has resulted in six face- and content-validated Swedish versions of the questionnaire ready for pilot testing. Although the versions of the original questionnaire were developed in collaboration with children in the United Kingdom, this did not mean that they could automatically be used in a Swedish health care context. This study confirms the importance of a rigorous process of adaptation and validation to ensure quality and applicability to children accessing health care in different countries. Children's views have guided the development of the original instrument and its adaptation to the Swedish health care context. Due to the strong patient involvement in the process of developing the Swedish versions of the questionnaire, the research group made a pragmatic decision to have no other patient contribution in the study.

Researcher-initiated role play, stimulated recall interview, storycrafting, painting and drawing as research methods to reach children's perspectives in health sciences.

To describe the application of selected creative and participatory research methods in nursing science. Research methodology paper. Researcher-initiated role play, stimulated recall interviews, the Storycrafting method, painting and drawing. Altogether, 11 children (5-7 years old) and 12 parents participated in the research. Each small group (n = 3) acted differently during the data collection. Not every child wanted to play, draw or tell stories, but they all expressed their views through some method. Although the same themes emerged from children's narratives, they could not have been verified by just one method. Using creative and participatory methods and the principles of studies of child perspectives are applicable ways of conducting research in nursing science. Children must be treated as individuals during the research process, and they must have opportunities to use several communication methods to express their views. Understanding different ways to interact with children and hear children's views will help nurses to encounter children. In this article, we present a valid way of conducting research with children. By following our protocol, nursing research from a child perspective can be implemented. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ). The child participants were involved in choosing physical places for data collection and the usage and order of the selected methods. Both the children and the adult participants took part in interpreting the research data.

Children's and young people's experiences of expressing their views and having them heard in health care: A deductive qualitative content analysis.

To gain an understanding of children's experiences of expressing their views and having them heard in Australian healthcare settings. Child-centred qualitative research. A deductive qualitative content analysis was undertaken. Data were collected from 20 Australian children and young people between the ages of 7 and 18 years old using the 'draw, write and tell' method. Children's experiences of 'space' and 'voice', and therefore the opportunity to express their views in health care were, in the main, positive. At the same time, their experiences of 'audience' and 'influence', the situations in which those views are given due weight, were overwhelmingly described as negative. Australian paediatric health services appear to have responded to calls to provide children with the opportunity to express their views and thus are delivering on the elements of 'space' and 'voice', whereas the realisation of 'audience' and 'influence' has some way to go. Due weight is not always given to children's views. The Lundy model can be used to facilitate a better understanding of the concept of voice, and the responsibility of health organisations in implementing the rights of children and young people, as articulated in Article 12. Children and young people have a right to express their views and have them heard in health care, but their experiences in Australian health care are unknown. While children's experiences of expressing their views in health care were mostly positive, their views are not always taken seriously or given due weight. This research impacts child health professionals in Australia and internationally. The study is reported using the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR). Members of the Youth Advisory Council of two tertiary children's hospitals were consulted and invited to become members of the research team.

조선 후기 한글소설 속 아동관 연구

Objectives In this study aim to achieve a serious consideration of children by exploring our unique view of children using Korean novels from the late Joseon Dynasty.&#x0D; Methods For this purpose, we extracted documents meaningful for children's understanding from the list of 󰡔Seonbon Haeje 11󰡕, which organizes classic novels owned by the National Library of Korea, and analyzed children's views according to the children's view analysis model.&#x0D; Results First, children in the Joseon Dynasty were the objects of realistic trials, but they were also the objects of affection in the hope that they would achieve their aspirations and wishes to overcome them. Second, it is an extraordinary object that can be taught a lesson and a precious member of a family that can fully develop into such a being.&#x0D; Conclusions On the surface, children are the subject of strict education and growth that must follow Confucian concepts and values, but on the other side, the people's aspirations include a complex view of children as affectionate objects who want to escape from realistic pain and suffering and grow up in a warm and safe environment reflected.

Can Environmental Education Supported by Augmented Reality (AR) Applications Improve the Environmental Awareness of Primary School Students?

It is thought that it would be appropriate to use augmented reality technology, which provides many educational advantages for effective environmental education. This research aims to examine the effect of environmental education using augmented reality (AR) applications on the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of primary school third-grade students towards the environment and to find out the children's views on AR. The case study design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. The research was carried out with seventeen primary school third-grade students from a public school in the 2021-2022 academic year. Environmental education was given to the selected class with augmented reality applications for six weeks. The data were collected with the ‘Semi-Structured Interview Form’ prepared by the researcher. Content analysis technique was used in the analysis of the data. According to the findings obtained from the interviews; it has been concluded that environmental education using AR applications is effective in the knowledge, attitude, behavior, and environmental awareness of third-grade students towards the environment. In addition to these, in the interviews; it has been determined that students have positive emotions towards AR reality applications; they want to use the applications in other lessons; AR applications facilitate their learning and positively affect their approaches towards living / non-living beings, the environment and environmental problems.

PENGARUH KOMUNIKASI INSTRUKSIONAL BERBASIS BCCT (BEYOND CENTRE CIRCLE TIME) TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER SISWA-SISWI PG-TK SEKOLAH ALAM BOSOWA KOTA MAKASSAR

This study aims to determine BCCT-based instructional communication (Beyond Center and Circle Time) on the character building of PGTK students of Bosowa Natural School in Makassar City, where BCCT is the teaching and learning process of teachers and students form a circle so that the teacher's position is in line with the child's view. The focus of the study in this study is instructional communication which can be seen from five assessment indicators, ranging from the specification of instructional content and objectives, initial behavioral assessment, strategy determination, instructional unit organization, and feedback. The character-building assessment is based on the vision of PGTK Sekolah Alam Bosowa, namely Smart, Islamic, Discipline, Innovative and Competitive. To answer this question, a quantitative approach is used with a population and a sample of 30 students using a non-probability sampling technique or a saturated sample technique as a draw for the population below 30. The data analysis uses simple regression analysis, determination test and ANOVA test as a benchmark for the level of influence on several independent sub-variables. The results of this study were obtained as follows: 1) there is a positive and significant influence of BCCT-based instructional communication on smart character building in students with the highest level of relationship, 2) there is no influence of BCCT-based instructional communication on Islamic character building in students, 3) there is a positive and significant influence of BCCT-based instructional communication on discipline character building in students but the relationship very low. 4) there is a positive and significant influence of BCCT-based instructional communication on innovative character building in students, 5) there is a positive and significant influence of BCCT-based instructional communication on the formation of competitive character in students.

What do the children and teachers say?: Voices on gender stereotyping in children's literature for MalaysianESLclassrooms

AbstractThis preliminary study analyses children's and teachers' views towards gender stereotyping in children's literature for Malaysian ESL (English as a Second Language) classrooms. We employed focus groups with 14 children (aged 10–12) and interviews with 6 experienced ESL teachers, in which children and teachers reflected on selected literature taught in schools. Our findings suggested that both children and teachers overlooked gender stereotyping in the selected children's literature as they focused more on the storyline and moral values. However, our focus groups with children showed their potential in adapting the reading materials to their social context, despite the typical belief that young children blindly learn and accept anything presented to them. Comparison between the boys and girls also showed different gendered responses towards gender stereotyping, with the boys showing stronger support for gender equality. The children insisted that men and women are equals and suggested more active male participation in domestic settings could indicate their readiness to discuss gender‐related issues. In addition, our interviews with teachers led to their call for more reading materials that reflect gender equality. The teachers admitted to a lack of explicit discussions about gender in their current teaching/learning process and expressed their willingness to include gender discussions with their students in the future. This study hopes to give voices to Malaysian children and teachers in the Global South, highlighting their potential for agency in pedagogical review and gender advocacy in education.Context and implicationsRationale for this studyThis study explores children's views' and teachers' strategies for addressing gender stereotyping in children's literature for Malaysian ESL classrooms.Why the new findings matterOur findings highlight the need for training for teachers and teaching/learning materials that reflect gender equality. Our findings signal children's readiness to discuss gender and the importance of teachers' role in fostering such discussions.Implications for practitioners and policy makersThis study is significant for teachers and curriculum reviewers in highlighting how children's literature may influence children and foster gender equality. There is a need for support materials, training for teachers and careful selection of suitable reading materials for children in terms of cultural and gender values.

South African courts' differing approaches to determining children's views in family law matters

The United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989 (CRC), the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, 1990 (ACRWC) and sections 6(5), 10, and 31(1)(a) of the Children's Act 38 of 2005 (Children's Act) place an obligation on South African courts to determine children's views in their parents' family law matters. This article analyses thirteen judgments stretching from 2003 - 2020 and one 2018 psychological study in relation to parenting plans to ascertain how South African courts determine children's views and wishes in practice. The judgments selected relate to divorces and disputes regarding children's primary residence and care and contact (custody and access disputes), disputes where a parent intends emigrating with children, and matters were a parent abducted a child. The judgments indicate courts have diverging approaches to determining children's views and wishes in family law matters. The 2018 psychological study found legal practitioners unfortunately fail to take into account children's inputs for purposes of drafting their parents' parenting plans. In light of courts' diverging approaches to determining a child's voice in their parents' litigious matters, as well as the current complete lack of guidelines in this regard, there is a need to amend the Children's Act to assist courts with particular regulations or guidelines in this regard. If courts are equipped with guidelines to direct their determination of children's views and wishes in family law matters, this will result in a more certain, and more congruent approach and most importantly, it will assist courts to pay heed to their duty to properly hear the voice of the child.

Views on Children in Education

In the current field of education, the problem of children's view is a problem that seems to be solved but is far from being solved in fact. In view of this, this article chooses historical analysis and comparison between China and the West from the special perspective of the value of educational purpose, and conducts a longitudinal analysis of the evolution of the concept of children in Chinese and Western education. The review and reflection of this paper discusses the characteristics of the modern view of children, so as to provide a meaningful reference for the establishment of the view of children in our country.

Special education documents and young children's right to be heard

AbstractThe aim of this article was to explore whether and how special education documents incorporate efforts to hear young children. The study is based on an in‐depth analysis of expert assessments and individual education plans (IEP) pertaining to 17 children enrolled in early education and care (ECEC) institutions in Norway. The documents are scrutinized for explicit attempts to hear young children, as well as in‐depth analysis of descriptions of children to see if the text convey efforts to include their perspectives. The findings reveal a clear absence of explicit attempts to listen to children during the assessment process. However, the assessments include information obtained from parents and ECEC regarding children's preferences and interests, suggesting an attempt to represent children's voices by proxy. Although the documents contain various descriptions of children's verbal and non‐verbal expressions, these descriptions primarily serve as illustrations of their challenges. The assessments portray children as individuals with difficulties, positioning them as mere ‘cases’. At the same time, recommendations and plans for support emphasize listening to children's voices. The findings of this study suggest a need to redefine special education documents in order to listen to children's views and to incorporate alternative understandings into the assessment process.

THEORETICAL ASPECT OF EMOTIONAL COMPREHENSION OF THE WORLD BY PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

The article highlights the problem of the theoretical aspect of emotional understanding of the world by preschool children. Emotional understanding of the world in preschool children is considered as an integrated process that determines the child's holistic view of the world and himself in it through emotional connections and experiences. It has been proven that early age is sensitive in terms of mastering the world, forming worldviews, and value attitudes towards oneself and other people. Primitive and complex, positive and negative, primary and secondary, sthenic and asthenic types of emotions are characterized. Common models and structural components of emotions are analyzed. It has been proven that the emotional understanding of the world in preschool children is carried out through emotional images, experiences and states, feelings that arise in certain life situations and are fixed in emotional reactions. It has been investigated that there are four phases of emotion development: cumulation (accumulation, summation), explosion, reduction of tension and extinction. The mechanisms of emotions are revealed: verbal/non-verbal, physiological, behavioral and neural. It has been established that emotions have certain properties in understanding the world, common to everyone, in particular, they are universal, dynamic, polar, ambivalent, intense, subjective, contagion, switching, recall, irradiation, plastic, transfer. The functions of emotional understanding of the world (signal, evaluative, motivational, adaptive, compensatory) are characterized.

Inconsistencies in the Ḥanafī School's View of Children's Legal Competence

This article examines the inconsistencies of the Ḥanafī school of thought regarding the legal capacity of children. The study of this issue is to prove whether or not there is harmony between the legal istinbat method (ushul fiqh) used and the legal product (fikih) created. In fiqh proposal it is determined that children do not have legal capacity so they are freed from all forms of legal imposition (taklif). The problem studied is the inconsistency of children's legal skills and arguments against this problem. This paper is based on qualitative data in the form of books on ushul fiqh and fiqh of thought from the Ḥanafī school of thought. Data is given meaning through verstehen, namely understanding by using a divergent, creative, and innovative mindset so that deeper meaning is found. After that, the data was analyzed using content analysis, namely taking inventory of data, simplifying it, and generalizing it. This is done interactively between the three components; data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The results of the research show that there is an inconsistency in the Ḥanafī school of thought regarding legal competence. Inconsistency is seen in three ways; the standard has been and has not been the functioning of reason related to the age phases of the child, determining the impact of the benefits and harms contained in legal actions, and the scope of legal subjects. Thoughts on the legal skills of children other than the Ḥanafī school of thought which have not been studied in this paper need further research.

Preschool Children's Views on Nasreddin Hodja Jokes

Nasrettin Hoca, Anadolu kültürünün en önemli ismidir. Nasreddin Hoca hem bir mizah ustası hem de büyük bir düşünür ve bir halk bilgesidir. Nasreddin Hoca fıkralarında eğlendirirken eğitecek ve düşündürecek noktalar bulunmaktadır. Nasreddin Hoca fıkralarında her yaştan çocuğun kendi bilişsel seviyesine göre mizah içeren unsurlar bulabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı okul öncesi dönemdeki çocukların Nasreddin Hoca ve Nasreddin Hoca fıkralarına ilişkin görüşlerini belirlemektir. Temel nitel araştırma deseninde gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Antalya ilinde Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı bir anaokuluna devam eden 48-73 aylık 59 çocuk oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri, araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan “yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu” aracılığı ile toplanılmıştır. Çalışma grubundaki çocuklarla bireysel olarak görüşülmüştür. Araştırmada “Ben Zaten İnecektim”, “Uykusu Kaçmış Da”, “Eşeğin Yönü” fıkraları ve bu fıkralara ilişkin üç adet resim ile bir adet Nasreddin Hoca resmi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda çocukların çoğunun Nasreddin Hoca’yı tanıdığı, en çok çizgi film/televizyon aracılığıyla Nasreddin Hoca’yı tanıdığı tespit edilmiştir. Çocuklar Nasreddin Hoca’nın çizgi filmine, kişilik özelliklerine, fiziksel özelliklerine ve fıkralarına ilişkin açıklamalarda bulunmuşlardır. Çocukların tamamına yakının fıkranın ne demek olduğunu bilmediği ve anlatılan fıkraları daha önceden duymadığı görülmüştür. “Eşeğin Yönü” fıkrası çocukların en komik buldukları ve anlatımına en fazla güldükleri fıkra olmuştur. Çocukların tüm fıkralarda en fazla fıkradaki temel tutarsızlığı komik bulduğu görülmektedir. Çocukların çoğunun fıkralardaki nükteyi anlamadıkları görülürken en fazla “Uykusu Kaçmış Da” fıkrasındaki nükteyi anladıkları tespit edilmiştir. Çocukların bazılarının fıkraları komik bulduklarını ifade ettikleri halde gülmemeleri çalışmanın dikkat çekici bir bulgusudur. Hem çocukların Nasreddin Hoca’ya ilişkin bilgilerinin zenginleşmesi hem de çocukların mizah gelişimlerinin desteklenmesi açısından okul öncesi eğitim ortamlarında Nasreddin Hoca fıkralarına yer verilmesi önerilmektedir.

A practical look at the concept of freedom with a philosophy approach for children in early childhood

Both social studies and preschool programs mention freedom as a value. However, in typical social studies curricula, the philosophical perspective is not included and no discussion takes place. In the preschool curriculum, freedom is an abstract concept, and the belief that children cannot understand abstract concepts prevails, while value studies are still limited to determining the frequency of values rather than interrogating them. As such, this study aims to explore young children's views on the concept of freedom, how these views changed after their participation in a philosophically oriented activity, and how, consequently, the concept of freedom might be addressed in social studies on a philosophical level. The researchers used an applied qualitative study design, in which 19 children (14 boys, 5 girls) aged 5-6 years were interviewed before and after the presentation of the well-known folk tale “Rapunzel,” along with the question, “… am I free?” An exercise taken from the Philosophy for Children curriculum, "Freedom is similar to…, because…” was used in both pre and post interviews. The study used semi-structured interviews and document analysis as data collection instruments. The data obtained were subjected to descriptive and content analysis. As a result of the study, it was found that before the activity, children tended to discuss the meaning of freedom in the context of its limits (e.g. permission, prohibition, rules), and, following the activity, in the context of positive freedoms (e.g. growth, being independent).

Growing up with disabled parents who use personal assistance (PA support): children's views and experiences

AbstractThis paper focuses on the experiences of children and young people whose parents employ personal assistant(s) (PAs). It describes findings from a UK‐based qualitative doctoral research study which explored the significance, influence and meaning of the PA role in supporting family life. Ten children and young adults aged 8–28 years with lived experience were interviewed face to face as part of this study, which also explored the perspectives of disabled parents and PAs. Findings reveal that PA support can alter both the quality and nature of the parent/child relationship. The provision of personal assistance can support family life and prevent children from becoming ‘young carers’; however, it can also create tension, anxiety and even destabilise family life.