Children's TV Programs Research Articles

Analysis on the Enlightenment Effect of Sesame Street on Children's Personality Exploration and Self-identity

Abstract: In recent years, with the progress of social economy and the development of education, children's mental health has increasingly become the focus of attention. As an important medium of children's education, TV programs are very popular with children, and have a profound significance in the shaping of children's health. American television program Sesame Street as a popular children's program, from the plot content, role setting, theme selection, present form, etc., conforms to the preschool childrens acceptance preferences, and successfully utilizes the medium for the key period of childrens mental development, accurately grasps the mental health characteristics of preschool childrens love of imitation. The program plays a good enlightening role in guiding children to discover their own personality and construct the self identity. The concept of "personality exploration and self-identity" is related to "self". In the pursuit of personality and self-positioning, children are guided to establish self-awareness, cultivate self-management ability and self-respect feelings. This paper mainly analyzes the enlightenment effect of Sesame Street on children's personality exploration and self-identity. The program promotes children to establish confidence, form self-identity, constitute the supporting conditions of mental health, for children to lay a solid foundation, and promote the formation of children's mental health and sound personality. At the same time, as a successful TV program that is deeply loved by children and has the significance of health education, it provides examples and references for creating more high-quality children's TV programs.

AN EXAMINATION ON THEMATIC ANALYSIS REGARDING THE CHILDREN’S TELEVISION EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS

This research study is investigating the themes of educational children TV programs broadcasted by Nickelodeon, and Disney. Data has been collected by adopting the content analysis and textual analysis method. Children TV educational programs are designed intentionally to impart the learning and education for the children in a colorful, and entertaining manner. They are produced intentionally to impart education, and problem-solving skills. This research study is exploring the educational children TV program themes in frame of education entertainment theory. This study highlighted important issues wherein results offered significant information for reaching conclusion and extracting certain recommendations. This study will provide an insight that what kind of educational children TV programs were broadcasted, the improvements and changings required for the betterment of the children TV entertainment activity. This study has proven that the children are learning education, problem solving skills and entertainment from these educational children TV programs.

The transmission of gender stereotypes through televised patterns of nonverbal bias.

One tacit assumption in social psychology is that people learn gender stereotypes from their environments. Yet, little research has examined how such learning might occur: What are the features of social environments that shape people's gender stereotypes? We propose that nonverbal patterns communicate intersubjective gender norms (i.e., what behaviors people value in women and girls vs. men and boys). Furthermore, we propose that children develop intersubjective gender norms in part because they are commonly and consistently exposed to these nonverbal patterns. Across three studies, we tested the hypotheses that (a) children are frequently exposed to a nonverbal pattern of gender-role bias in which people respond more positively to gender-stereotypical than counterstereotypical girls and boys and (b) emotionally perceptive girls extract meaning from this pattern about what behaviors others value in girls (traditionally feminine behavior) and boys (traditionally masculine behavior). Study 1 indicated that characters across 12 popular U.S. children's TV programs exhibited a small, but consistent nonverbal bias favoring gender-stereotypical TV characters. In Study 2, girls (N = 68; 6-10 years) felt more pressure to be feminine after viewing TV clips that included traditional nonverbal bias than after viewing clips that reversed this bias. As predicted, these results held only to the extent that children could accurately decode nonverbal emotion (i.e., were emotionally perceptive). Study 3 replicated these results (N = 91; 6-11 years). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

POPULAR CHILDREN'S TV PROGRAMS IN PAKISTAN

TV is one of the most powerful mediums of communication. It broadcast information, entertainment and education via audio video. People around the globe use TV for different purposes. However, as an entertainment medium TV is considered the most powerful tool. Children of different age groups watch children TV programs to get themselves entertained. Present research study based on survey technique to investigate different popular children TV programs and their popularity among the children. Population for present research study was students studying in the different educational institutions of Pakistan. The purposive sampling technique was used. The sample size for this research study was 500 children studying in the different educational institutions having different age groups like 3-6, 6 -12 and 13-19. The data was collected from the selected sample through close ended questionnaire for convenient. The collected data was analyzed statistical software to make inferences. Media effect theory Uses and Gratification approach is most relevant media effects theory which was very much relevant with this research work. The exclusive analysis of the data reveals that overall majority of the respondents i.e., children prefer to watch children TV programs 2 to 6 hours a day. The empirical analysis of the data also reveals that Pakistani children prefer to watch Doramon, Jann, Oggy and Cockroaches, Tom & Jerry, Bugs Bunny, Ben 10, Barbie, Chotta Bheem, Moto Patlo and Mr Bean. The empirical analysis also reveals that children watch these programs for the purpose of entertainment and information. Keywords: Children, TV Channels, Children TV Programs, Popularity, Duration, Entertainment

Children TV Watching Habits: A Case Study of Pakistan

This research article deals with the TV viewing habits of children and their effects. The study was based on a survey research technique to explore and investigate the Children's TV programs effects.The sample size for this research study was 500 children belonging to different age groups and studying in different schools and colleges in Bahawalpur. Therefore, the population of the study was children studying in Bahawalpur. A close-ended questionnaire was used for data collection.Children who have aged between 3 to 6 and are unable to fill out the questionnaire. Their parents were asked to fill in the questions according to their habits of watching different TV programs related to children. The data were analyzed through SPSS. The exclusive analysis of the data reveals that the overall majority of children watch TV programs for 2 to 4 hours a day.The empirical analysis of the data reveals that overall majority of the children agree that their parents guide them on which program to watch and which is not. It is also worth noting that overall majority of the children are of the view that entertainment TV programs for children increase their healthy relationship with their parents.

Effects of TV Programs on Children: A Case Study of Bahawalpur

Present research study is based on survey to explore and investigate the positive effects of TV programs on children. The main objectives were to explore TV program watching habits and its progressive change in the behavior of children. The sample size of the study was 500 respondents’ parent, Teachers and children. The data was collected parents and their children by using standardized questionnaire. Social construction theory of media is the most relevant theory which support this study. The empirical analysis of the data reveals that TV programs have positive effects both social and cognitive on children behavior. The analysis of the data also reveals that children learn different social skills after watching children TV programs and they also enable themselves to solve the issues faced in daily routine life.

Resonances of Chindon-ya, Sounding Space and Sociality in Contemporary Japan by Marié Abe

Reviewed by: Resonances of Chindon-ya, Sounding Space and Sociality in Contemporary Japan by Marié Abe Bruno Deschênes (bio) Resonances of Chindon-ya, Sounding Space and Sociality in Contemporary Japan. Marié Abe. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2018. xxv + 252 pp., 8 pages of plates, b&w photographs, appendix, bibliography, index. ISBN: 9780819577788 (hardcover), $85.00; ISBN: 9780819577795 (paperback), $27.95; ISBN: 9780819577801 (e-book), $22.99. Companion website: http://www.ResonancesOfChindon-ya.com. During Japan's Edo period (1603–1868), Edo city (today's Tokyo) was a major center for entertainment, alongside Osaka and Kyoto. Among the many forms of entertainment found mainly in and around the pleasure quarters were those that relied on a large number of street performers (see Groemer 2016). When Japan took the path to modernization in the second half of the nineteenth century, a majority of these street-performing troupes disappeared. Although a few still exist today, the most prominent genre is one that became popular after World War II, called chindon-ya. Marié Abe, in this most enlightening book, recounts how this form of street performance adapted itself to twentieth-century modernity, becoming a modern redefinition of Japanese street sounds and entertainment. The primary argument of Abe's book shows how the practice of chindon-ya is built on a close interrelation between sound, history, and "sociality" in defining street and neighborhood environments as "dynamic space produced through social relations, practices and imaginaries" (xxii). Space, time, and social and musical sounds become a form of embodied and affective resonance, which Abe defines by using the Japanese term hibiki (resonance, but not just in an acoustical sense) (xxiii). Chindon-ya adapted its characteristics while keeping a nostalgic foot in the past. In her introduction, Abe gives us a view of her key arguments and provides an overview of the sounds and history of chindon-ya. The syllable chin is the onomatopoetic word for the sound of a small, flat gong chime, and don the sound of the drum. As for ya, it refers to business, in this case a business that "makes sounds." At the beginning of the twentieth century, street musicians were using the shamisen (the three-stringed Japanese lute) as a melodic instrument. Because of the increasing noise of the new urban environment, the [End Page 153] shamisen became almost inaudible. The use of louder brass-and-reed Western instruments proved to be better suited to hearing among and over the incessant street noises. These augment the core percussion instruments, most of which are of Japanese origin, but in particular the kane, the distinctive highpitched small gong that can be heard from afar and that announces to the neighborhood that a troupe is nearby. Chindon-ya's primary function has always been to serve as an advertisement for local businesses, with players distributing pamphlets or publicity sheets to passersby. Troupes perform a wide range of music, including military marches, old popular songs, tunes from traditional comic vaudeville, theme songs from children's TV programs, contemporary J-pop tunes, and some known songs from the West. Other than their standard introduction, few tunes are exclusive to them. Their advertising practice includes speech and theatrical performance, with a mellifluous style of delivery coming from popular theater. In addition, extravagant costumes and makeup, both traditional and modern, are part of the image of chindonya, although some musicians might also dress casually. The chindon-ya style of today, as well as the term itself, appeared in the 1930s. The origin can be traced back to sometime around 1845, while the use of sound for self-advertisement can be traced back at least to the twelfth century. Up until the 1930s, these street entertainments had different names and formats, but after World War II chindon-ya really took off. There were well over 2,000 chindon-ya performers across the country in the reconstruction period of the early 1950s. Toward the end of the 1990s there was a modest resurgence, with about 30 troupes existing today. Abe indicates that chindon-ya shows numerous ambiguities. It is a marginal activity, viewed by many as out of place, especially from a modern-world viewpoint. It is both a...

Effects of the Characteristics of Children's TV Programs Desired by Parents on the Necessity of Public Broadcasting System

Effects of the Characteristics of Children's TV Programs Desired by Parents on the Necessity of Public Broadcasting System

Evaluating Industry Self-Regulation of Food Marketing to Children.

Concern has grown about the role of televised food advertising as a contributor to childhood obesity. In response, the food industry adopted a program of self-regulation, with participating companies pledging to limit child-targeted advertising to healthier products. The implicit promise of the industry initiative is a significant improvement in the overall nutritional quality of foods marketed to children, thereby negating the need for governmental regulation to accomplish that objective. This study assesses the efficacy of industry self-regulation by comparing advertising content on children's TV programs before and after self-regulation was implemented. A systematic content analysis of food advertisements (n=625 in 2007, n=354 in 2013) appearing in children's TV programs on the most popular cable and broadcast channels was conducted. All analyses were conducted in 2014. Findings indicated that no significant improvement in the overall nutritional quality of foods marketed to children has been achieved since industry self-regulation was adopted. In 2013, 80.5% of all foods advertised to children on TV were for products in the poorest nutritional category, and thus pose high risk for contributing to obesity. The lack of significant improvement in the nutritional quality of food marketed to children is likely a result of the weak nutritional standards for defining healthy foods employed by industry, and because a substantial proportion of child-oriented food marketers do not participate in self-regulation. The lack of success achieved by self-regulation indicates that other policy actions are needed to effectively reduce children's exposure to obesogenic food advertising.

Violencia en los dibujos animados de ayer y hoy

This study compares several cartoon serials -from middle 60's to middle 70's- with actual cartoon programs, and has the main objective of analyzing if the social concern about the violence representation in children TV programs has provoked substantial changes during the last years. To proceed to that comparison we used the content analysis methodology. Results suggest that there was a bigger presence of violence in the «old» serials when compared to the «actual» ones, despite the language used seems to be more aggressive in the current cartoons.

Narrative Development in Bilingual Kindergarteners: Can Arthur Help?

This study examined the effects of the children's TV program Arthur on the development of narrative skills over an academic year for Spanish-speaking English-language learners. In October, February, and June of their kindergarten year, children were asked to tell a story, in English, prompted by 3 pictures. Before the 2nd and 3rd assessments, half of the 108 children were randomly assigned to view Arthur 3 times a week during school hours, and the other half, which formed the control group, viewed the children's program Between the Lions on the same schedule. Individual growth modeling analysis showed that children who viewed Arthur had steeper growth trajectories than those who viewed Between the Lions. Boys displayed better English narrative skills than girls but no difference in narrative growth rate. The results suggest that certain educational TV programs can assist in some aspects of the language development of bilingual children.

"The Cow Loves to Learn": The Hao-Xue-Xin Learning Model as a Reflection of the Cultural Relevance of Zhima Jie, China's Sesame Street

This study was part of the formative research conducted for the children's educational TV program, Zhima Jie, a Chinese adaptation of Sesame Street. Our particular goal was to examine the cultural basis and relevance o f Zhima Jie as a learning tool for Chinese children. Four hundred children aged 3-6 drawn from representative backgrounds participated in the study. Data were collected on relevant aspects of the Zhime Jie curriculum: preschoolers' desires for books and learning materials, and their reasoning and affect about learning. Results showed that the vast majority of children desired books and learning materials with a number of them also articulating reasons for that desire. While differences in gender and mother's education were small and inconsistent, disadvantaged children were more likely to desire books and learning materials than their peers from more advantaged backgrounds. Children also showed a greater tendency for such desires and expressions as their age increased. These findings reflected Confucian beliefs about learning, and they provided support for the cultural relevance of the educational efforts of Zhima Jie in China.

A comparison of multimedia application development platforms towards the object web

In this paper, a complete scenario for the provision of interactive multimedia services over the Internet is considered, exploiting emerging software methodologies that implement different aspects of what is called the object web. Initially, web-application design considerations over the years are presented, in parallel to the evolution of the World Wide Web. Then, the study focuses on a distributed multimedia application aiming to deliver, over the Internet, information on children's TV programs and co-productions. Two different object oriented implementation models are described, the HTTP/Microsoft's active server pages (ASP) approach and the Java/common object request broker architecture (CORBA) approach. Finally, experimental results comparing the two implementation models are presented and the advantages gained from the latter are highlighted.

Ideologies in Korean Children's TV: A Culture in Transition in a Postmodern Period

This paper outlines the clash between tradition and postmodernization in Korean popular culture today and discloses the ideological aspects of dominant cultural streams. Among many cultural artifacts, children's educational TV programs serve as texts to effectively reflect the problematic conflicts seen in the recent cultural mood. Under the smooth flow of overt TV program messages, different streams of thought and many forms of knowing, and attitudes toward the world are interwoven with each other. The most distinctive phenomena are the cultural confusions among the streams of premodern, modern, and postmodern thoughts. They reveal the ideological aspects in the nostalgic teaching of important rules of the past, the intellectual aspiration for a modern epistemology of certainty, and the epistemological, aesthetical, and ethical dissonances among different generations even within a person. Perhaps this is the typical phenomena that most Third World countries now share. The article concludes with the suggestion that the effort for postmodern pedagogy should be made through exploring the later-penetrating logic between the new and the old and thoughtfully mediating the differences. This is important, especially in Korea, where many indigenous and imported streams of thought have continuously created cultural confusions since the modernization project started decades ago.

Pace and continuity of television programs: Effects on children's attention and comprehension.

Children's tv programs can be distinguished by the processing demands of their format and the pace with which changes occur. High-continuity programs are stories requiring temporal integration of successive scenes for full comprehension. Low-continuity programs are in format: Successive bits are independent of one another, and temporal integration across bits is not required for comprehension. Pace is denned as rate of scene and character change in stones and rate of bit change in magazine shows. Sixteen children's tv programs varying in continuity (high vs. low), pace (high vs low), and animation (cartoon vs. live production) were made from broadcast material. Each lasted 15 minutes. Children (N = 160), half in grades K-l and half in grades 3-4, viewed two of the programs and were then tested for recall. The recall task required sequential senation of still photos taken from the program. Older children attended longer and reconstructed sequences better than younger children. High-continuity (story) programs led to greater attention and better recall than low-continuity (magazine) programs. Low-paced shows were recalled better than high-paced shows. Older children recalled best when shown either low pace or story format or both. Young children showed additive increments in recall due to low pace and high continuity: Either alone was better than none, and both was better than either alone. Younger children attended somewhat more to high- than to low-paced shows if they were in magazine format, a weak effect of perceptual salience. Older children attended to high-continuity programs in synchrony with their pace: longer looks to low-paced and shorter looks to high-paced programs. This effect was attributed to schematic and strategic processing by older children when the format justified it. Regression analyses indicated higher correlations between attention and recall for animated stories than for other types of programs, an effect attributed to their relatively high stereotypy in the medium. Age, continuity, and pace effects on recall were not fully accounted for by their effects on attention. Results were interpreted as indicating evidence for development of active, schematic processing of television by children and for strategic attending by older children, based on perceived processing demands.

Young Children's Attention to "Sesame Street"

CHILD I DEVELOPMENT, 1976, 47,806-811. This study analyzed 1-4-year-dld children's attention to television as a J function of age, sex, and the presence or absence of a number of relatively sionpie auditory and visual t characteristics of a TV prt^ram. Children's attention and attributes of the Sesame Street program were i rated and stored in a computer so that continuous information about the TV program could be related to J continuous information about attention. There was an increase with age in attention to the TV, and attention was elevated in the presence of some attributes and depressed in the presence of others. Many of the attribute eflFects interacted with age, but very few interacted with the sex of the child. While television viewing may have important beneficial as well as harmful effects on the behavior of preschool children (e.g.. Ball & Bogatz 1970; Friedrich & Stein 1973), there has been Httle research on the development of attention to television and the factors that influence it (Stevenson 1972). From parental questionnaires, Schramm, Lyle, and Parker (1961) reported that by age 2.8 years M)% of children regularly use TV, and Lyle and Hoffinan (1972) found that 76% of 3-year-olds were able to name their favorite program. By age 4, parents report that children spend about a third of their waking hours viewing TV (Friedrich & Stein 1973). With the exception of some informal and unpublished formative research done for the children's TV program Sesame Street (discussed by Lesser 1972), there have been no studies of the early development of television viewing based on actual observation of children, nor have there been any systematic attempts to analyze preferred TV programs to determine just what distinguishes these from other programs. Tlie present research contains the first formal descriptions of the development of visual attention to television based on direct observations of children. The study also provides a new methodology for examining the relationship of attention to variations in television content. Method

Concepts of Order and Balance in a Children's TV Program

Children and producers have different bases for ordering segments in a magazine-style children's program, producers apparently seeking to gain and hold attention while children seem to seek security.