Children Toy Research Articles

Emotional Attachments in Children's Toy Design Dimensions and Strategies: A Grounded Theory Approach

Children's emotional attachments to toys foster trust and stability, impacting psychological growth. This study evaluates the concept of emotional attachments in children's toy designs. Employing a grounded theory methodology, it seeks to establish a conceptual framework for understanding the elements and principles of emotional attachments in toys. By shedding light on the factors that develop children’s emotional attachments with their toys, this research aims to inform the design and development processes of toys that promote healthy emotional development. The findings suggest that integrating a conceptual model of emotional attachments into the design processes can lead to the creation of toys that facilitate children's holistic growth and offer them positive experiences of emotional connection. Furthermore, the study proposes a conceptual framework for integrating emotional attachment into children's toy design and development processes. This has profound implications for toy designers, teachers, manufacturers, and education researchers aiming to enhance children's emotional well-being through play.

Evaluation of acrylonitrile rubber containing zinc oxide as safety products

AbstractThe goal of this research is to find the ideal formulation with the best antimicrobial performance in terms of rheological, physicomechanical, and lowest toxic properties to produce safety rubber for the children toy's and other industrial products. In order to accomplish this, a number of formulations containing ZnO as activator for vulcanization process as well as an antimicrobial agent at concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 40 phr in the presence of 40 phr of different fillers were prepared. The rheological characteristics of prepared compounded rubber samples were assessed and the cure rate was calculated. The overall rheological test results indicate a raise in minimum and maximum torque along with a fall in scorch and optimum cure time. The compounded NBR was vulcanized as estimated curing time. The results illustrated that the NBR vulcanizates containing various amounts of ZnO and 40 phr talc have the best physicomechanical properties. Also, the scanning electron micrographs indicated surface homogeneity and good dispersion of the NBR components. The cytotoxicity test of the investigated vulcanizates on normal retina cell line gave no cytotoxic effect which assessed their safety. These findings offer useful information for antimicrobial NBR vulcanizates for kid's toys and other safety products.Highlights Synthesis of antimicrobial NBR rubber vulcanizates for safety applications. The antimicrobial agent used was ZnO. ZnO nanoparticles and other ingredients were incorporated with NBR on the ordinary rubber mixer. Rheological, physicomechanical properties and antimicrobial activity of NBR rubber were tested. The products have better mechanical and antimicrobial safety properties.

Assessment of bisphenols in children's toy and baby products in the Middle East

A major concern from the scientific community has been raised since evidence of Bisphenol A (BP-A) can leach out from the products where they are incorporated as well as its endocrine disrupting effects observed in animals and humans. BP-A and several related chemicals such as Bisphenol AP (BP-AP), Bisphenol B (BP–B), Bisphenol S (BP–S), Bisphenol AF (BP-AF), Bisphenol (BP–P), Bisphenol Z (BP-Z) were analyzed in this study. BP-A and BP-S were the only bisphenols detected in the samples analyzed in this study. The median (range; mean) concentrations of BP-A found in this study was 321 ng/g (11–200932; 4893 ng/g). The analysis was carried out by sonicating 0.1 g of a cryo-milled sample aliquot in methanol followed by UPLC-MS/MS determination. High concentrations of BP-A were found in several products labeled as BP-A free such as nursing bottles which are particularly problematic from the children's exposure point of view. This study presents the first reliable bisphenols in children's toys and baby products commercialized in the Middle East. There is, however, a need to continue monitoring these compounds, especially in low-cost toys, and the so-called BP-A-free products, which appear to have high levels of target contaminants and can pose an exposure risk for infants and children in the region.

A courtesy visit to Üsküdar University for Turkish Airlines 'Children's toy sets' consultancy...

Turkish Airlines Catering and In-Flight Products Head and accompanying executives visited Üsküdar University. The delegation led by Seyyid Mahmut Nebati met with President of Üsküdar University Prof. Nevzat Tarhan and Head of Child Development Department Prof. Nurper Ülküer.

Specification, design, and simulation of mechanical horses following the opinion of Khong Minh in the novel “Three Kingdoms”

This article presents how to speculate, design and simulate a mechanical horse based on the point of view of the military man Khong Minh, a talented character in the work "Three Kingdoms" (author La Quan Trung). The behavior of this type of horse closely resembles that of a real horse. That is, it can walk, run, carry goods or people. It is made mainly of wood or steel. The authors speculated that Khong Minh placed a leaf spring in the belly of the mechanical horse. Soldiers just need to rotate so that the leaf spring twists, it will store energy in the form of potential energy. Then, it slowly unfolds, and the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, transmitting motion to the mechanisms connected to the horse's legs. Finally, the mechanical horse lifted his leg and was able to walk. Despite such speculation, when recreating a mechanical horse, our team of authors used a battery-powered motor instead of leaf springs and gear transmissions as a pre-assembled transmission part in the belly of the mechanical horse. We design additional parts such as the head, tail, belly, legs, etc. to create a complete mechanical horse. The design goal of the author's mechanical horse is to clear people's doubts about the "wooden buffalo mechanical horse" in the literary work "Three Kingdoms". At the same time, this type of mechanical horse is also applied as an amusement ride for people in tourist areas and as a children's toy in the family.

Barbie in the mirror of culture: social burden and transformation of the modern doll

The functionality of a children's toy is changing along with the changing world for which it was created. Her orientation to the requirements and interests of a child is relative. First of all, a doll is an object of the adult world. One of the most popular dolls of our time is no exception in this case. The prototype of Barbie was a toy that conveyed the forms of an adult girl, attracting the attention of men. The first Barbies made according to its format won the hearts of children, and, as practice shows, for a long time. The article discusses the algorithm of retaining this attention, the “secrets of success” of Barbie on the example of the development of her specific model — Barbie Fashionistas. The sequence of subjectification of the doll's image, the goals pursued by this process, and its consequences are considered in the work. The result of Barbie's evolution is not only the development of the child's consumer taste, but also the emergence of a separate subculture in the adult world (the doll could not leave this world), which indicates the initial close connection between the doll and the human world. These relationships are devoid of a sacred gloss, which is mandatory for a doll, according to ethnographic and anthropological observations. The axiology of this image is ambivalent — it both brings relief to suffering and forces us to abandon the natural nature of the body (which is hardly possible without pain and final dissatisfaction). The instrumental character of the doll's imagery is considered, which turns out to be important for both the world of children and the world of adults.

Toy Preferences among 3-to-4-Year-Old Children: The Impact of Socio-Demographic Factors and Developmental Characteristics.

Today's common typologies and categories of children's toys are mainly decided by the manufacturers and retailers of children's products. Such categorizations are not based on a theoretical understanding of child development and therefore cannot provide information about the opportunities that toys provide for the young. This study proposed three criteria for categorizing toys based on the cultural-historical approach: their degree of realism; their degree of anthropomorphism; and their degree of detail. These criteria were chosen as a result of an analysis of theoretical works carried out in the framework of cultural-historical approach. The proposed criteria were tested through an experiment measuring children's toy preferences. The participants were 129 children of ages 3-4 years. Experimental data confirmed that most children do prefer realistic and detailed toys rather than those with fewer of these properties. The contribution of socio-demographic factors and the children's individual developmental indicators to their toy preference was also analyzed. The study revealed that among various socio-demographic factors, only the child's gender and the number of siblings in the family acted as significant predictors for the toy preferences. None of child's developmental characteristics (nonverbal intelligence, executive functions, and emotional understanding) were found to be significant predictors of preference for particular toys. The assumption that toys can be assessed in terms of their realism and degree of detail found empirical support. The results of this study may be useful in designing further research and in the practical issue of toy selection for children age 3-4 years.

Концепт бабушка в аспекте развития когнитивных признаков из мотивирующих

The article describes the primary cognitive signs of the grandmother concept in Russian linguistic culture. This concept received almost no comprehensive studies in modern linguistic literature. The research objective was to structure its motivating signs in their correlation with Russian myths and symbols. The research relied on eleven Etymological Dictionaries of the Contemporary and Old Russian Language. The obtained material was generalized and illustrated based on etymological, descriptive, interpretive, and conceptual analyses. The author revealed 46 motivating signs represented by 14 subgroups: 1. Ancient sacred symbols (seven signs): (water) spirit, (female) mythological character, stone idol / idol on ancient mounds, Pleiades (constellation), ancestor, sheaf, block / post / stump. 2. Woman (five signs): (female) sex, woman / wife, nurse, to assist in childbirth, to give birth. 3. Social status (five signs): witch, sorceress, healer, midwife, matriarch. 4. Relationship (five signs): to be pregnant, to be married, grandfather's wife, mother's / father's mother, relationship. 5. Game (three signs): playing blind man's bluff, dice, children's toy. 6. Inner world (one sign): soul. 7. Object of the natural world (eight signs): atmospheric object, butterfly / moth / insect, bud, cornflower, (unfolded) flower, bird (pelican), muddler / goby fish, oak-apple. 8. Age (two signs): elderly, old / old woman. 9. Status (two signs): headdress (married women), plait (around the head of a married woman). 10. Subject (three signs): tool for driving in piles; stand; bench. 11. Assessment (two signs): pet form, of low birth. 12. Part of animal's body (one sign): hoof bone. 13. Bread (one sign): bakery product. 14. Illness (one sign): smallpox. All signs in subgroups woman, game, age, assessment, animal body part, bread, and illness proved to be cognitive. Almost all signs in the remaining subgroups also proved cognitive, with several exceptions: ancient sacral symbols (block / post / stump), social status (healer), kinship (married), objects of the natural world (atmospheric object, bud), status (headdress of a married woman).

You've Been Warned: Does Information About Pitfalls of Technological Toys Affect Caregiver Behavior?

AbstractAlthough the presence of toys in childhood has remained steady for decades, the types of toys that fill children's toy boxes have changed, especially over the last 10–15 years. Many of today's toys are marked by technological enhancements, from a shape sorter driven by a singing bear to robotic plastic animals designed to match a toddler's favorite television show. Although examining the effects of these changes is still an unexplored area, research to date suggests that there may be costs to the quality of caregiver–child interaction when using these toys together. This leads to two possibilities: (1) the design of the enhancements themselves hurt interactions; or (2) these toys can still be beneficial to interactions, but caregivers simply need to be aware of the potential pitfalls. In this study, we explore whether providing caregivers with a subtle cue about the potential negative impacts of technological toys on caregiver–child interaction affects their behavior.

ANALYSIS OF MARKETING STRATEGIES IN INCREASING SALES TURNOVER IN TOY ENTREPRENEURS AT SUZUYA TANJUNG MORAWA

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategy at the Toy Stand, especially the marketing mix at Suzuya Tanjung Morawa. This study uses a qualitative method, namely a case study that produces descriptive data as outlined in words. Data collection techniques in this study the authors made a direct visit to the children's toy booth to conduct personal interviews with the owner of the toy stand, namely Mr. Ricky Gunawan equipped with sales data. The results showed that the strategy in increasing sales turnover of Toy Stands, namely the segmentation, targeting, positioning strategies and especially the marketing mix had been implemented well although not fully implemented. To be able to further increase sales turnover at the Toy stand at Suzuya Tanjung Morawa, the company should be able to innovate the products sold by the Toy Booth owner, expand the sales market, add promotional activities, expand the trend of today's children's toys and increase creativity in layout. how to set up the Stand so that it can produce more revenue from sales

Factors affecting the decision to choose suppliers of children's toy materials of enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City in the context of the circular economy

This study was conducted to understand the factors affecting the decision to choose a supplier of materials for children's toys in Ho Chi Minh City in the context of the circular economy. Research models and hypotheses are inherited and developed from previous domestic and foreign studies. Based on 196 direct surveys from people holding important positions in the business to employees of the raw material purchasing department in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Likert scale is used to measure the independent and dependent variables. Research using SPSS software to analyze multiple regression has 4 factors affecting the choice of supplier of children's toy materials. The research results show that there are factors such as Quality Service, Environmental Protection, Product Price and Distribution all have an impact on the choice decision. In addition, the author's team also conducts tests of differences in selection decisions according to the number of years of operation, number of employees, size of capital, and decision makers. Finally, based on the research results, the results of testing the differences to provide solutions and management implications for businesses providing children's toys in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Preschooler recreational toy car form variable design

The core concept of the paper is to make the product more entertaining and applicable by changing the shape of the toy car. It also gives children a sense of novelty when using the product, making it more valuable and more usable for children. Based on the current market of children's toy cars, the concept of the multifunctional children's car is combined and transformed into a new solution, which will result in an innovative and highly utilised multifunctional children's car. The concept is based on the premise of safety, enhancing the design of the product while meeting the needs of children's curiosity and novelty, and designing a product that meets the expectations of pre-school children. The subsequent design not only shows the multifunctional aspect of the toy car for children, but also the innovative ways in which it can be transformed, allowing the buyer to see more possibilities, stimulating interest in children's products and inspiring a sense of childhood.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER PATTERNS AND TOY SELECTION OF PARENTS OF CHILDREN AGED 3-8 LIVING IN ISTANBUL

The main purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between children and their parents' gender stereotype judgments and toy choices. The study is descriptive and relationship-seeking research using quantitative methods. The universe of the study is that of children aged 3-8 and their parents living in Istanbul. The sample was composed of 360 parents and 360 children selected by the purpose-built sampling method. The study was conducted by researchers through online platforms with a literature review and a survey created with expert opinion. In accordance with the purpose of the study, two forms were created, aimed at parents and aimed at Children. There are 21 Questions in the parent question form and 14 questions in the child question form. Consent was obtained from the participants at the beginning of the survey. The question form includes questions about parents' perceptions of toy choices, gender stereotypes, children's gender stereotypes, and children's toy choices. Research data was collected in April 2021. Data on sociodemographic features were obtained by frequency, number and percentage analysis. It was found using the Kolmogorov Smirnov test whether gender stereotype judgment score and toy selection scores showed normal distribution. It was found that the scores did not show normal distribution, and non-parametric tests were used. Difference analyses between the groups were obtained using the Mann Whitney U test, and the existence of a relationship between the data was obtained using the Spearman correlation analysis. As a result of this research, it was found that sociodemographic characteristics that parents have influence on gender stereotypes, as well as on their and their children's toy choices. It was concluded that the children of parents with high educational status have more egalitarian gender stereotypes and non-gender-specific toy choices compared to children of parents with low educational status. In parents who had a profession and a job where they worked, the results were found to have more egalitarian gender stereotypes than in those who did not have a profession, similar to educational status. On the other hand, parents who have a job, have more egalitarian gender stereotypes than non-working parents. Gender stereotypes for parents with low educational status and non-working and the importance of toy selection for children should be organized.

For Modern Children

For Modern Children

Investigating about Consumers’ Attitudes to Green Children's Toys Products in Vietnam

The literature on plastic watse recently focus upon products such as plastic bag and plastic straw. However, there are products that create a very huge amount of waste such as plastic children's toys, have not received proper attention. Also, the need of green products for children's toys is essential since plastic children's toys were proved that contain heavy metals which are potential sources risk to children’s health. Therefore, this research aims at pioneering in doing investigate about consumer attitudes to plastic and environmentally friendly children's toys in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam. Also, propose green marketing activities for children's toy companies to become the leading recognized brand in the line of environmentally friendly product. A survey was conducted in Ho Chi Minh City in December 2019 with 200 respondents to assess their attitudes towards green products, especially green products for children. Based on the rationale and survey results, the research conclude that consumers’ attitudes towards green products and their level of interest in the current environmental situation are very positive. Respondents did understand the concept of green products in detail and pay much attention to famous green campaings and products. And there are statistics prove the high consumer awareness of environmentally friendly plastic toys. This forward-looking insights can create the potential for green marketing activities of children's toy companies.

Isothiazolinones Common in Children's Toy Slime.

Contact dermatitis to homemade slime has been frequently reported, with isothiazolinones as a likely sensitizer. Little is known on the presence of these preservatives in commercial, store-bought slime products. The aims of the study were to review the literature on "slime dermatitis" and to assess for the presence of isothiazolinones in commercially available slime products and homemade slime components. An experimental, colorimetric spot test was used to verify the presence of isothiazolinones in 38 slime products of the 16 best-selling commercial slime kits, 1 finished homemade slime, and 4 common components of homemade slime. High-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection was performed on 8 commercial slime products. According to the spot test, 27 (71%) of the 38 commercial slime products contained isothiazolinones. High-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection analyses indicated, however, that false-positives and false-negatives readily occur: isothiazolinone content was correctly identified in only 4 (50%) of the 8 samples. This study is the first to demonstrate the presence of isothiazolinones in commercial slime toys. Although the colorimetric spot test may have some utility as a screening assay, it is far from specific and likely not sensitive enough to reliably identify methylisothiazolinone.

Usaha Mainan Anak Tradisional Desa Karanganyar, Kabupaten Jepara

Karanganyar Village is a village that produces traditional children's toys with toys based on coastal environmental structures. This traditional children's toy is one of Jepara's superior products that has not been developed by the Department of Industry and Trade and MSMEs in Jepara. This results in the underdevelopment of superior local products and local cultural wisdom compared to children's toy developers in other areas such as Purwakarta and Yogyakarta. The service program is a regional superior product development program in traditional children's toy producing centers, especially at Mekar Maju MSMEs. The specific objective of this program is to assist partners in developing superior local products in Karanganyar Village in the form of traditional children's toys so that they have a variety of toys with educational value and child-friendly and helping partners develop technology-based business management patterns. The main priority in this program is solutions to problems in the production process, product design, and marketing management. The results of this service activity can help MSMEs in (1) improving the business climate, (2) increasing access to productive resources, (3) developing products and marketing for MSMEs, (4) increasing the competitiveness of HR and MSMEs

기이한 장난감에서 과학적 측정도구로: 기이한 장난감에서 과학적 측정도구로: 인종 과학 연구에 도입된 브래들리사(Milton Bradley Company)의 색팽이, 1874-1930

기이한 장난감에서 과학적 측정도구로: 기이한 장난감에서 과학적 측정도구로: 인종 과학 연구에 도입된 브래들리사(Milton Bradley Company)의 색팽이, 1874-1930

Prenatal androgen exposure and children's gender-typed behavior and toy and playmate preferences

We report findings from two studies investigating possible relations of prenatal androgen exposure to a broad measure of children's gender-typed behavior, as well as specifically to children's toy and playmate preferences. Study 1 investigated these outcomes for 43 girls and 38 boys, aged 4 to 11 years, with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH, a genetic condition causing increased adrenal androgen production beginning prenatally) compared to similarly-aged, unaffected relatives (41 girls, 31 boys). The predicted sex differences were found for all of the outcome measures. Furthermore, girls with CAH showed increased male-typical and decreased female-typical behavior and toy and playmate preferences compared to unaffected girls. Study 2 investigated the relationship of amniotic fluid testosterone to gender-typed behavior and toy and playmate preferences in typically developing children (48 girls, 44 boys) aged 3 to 5 years. Although the predicted sex differences were found for all of the outcome measures, amniotic fluid testosterone was not a significant correlate, in the predicted direction, of any outcome measure for either sex. The results of study 1 provide additional support for an influence of prenatal androgen exposure on children's gender-typed behavior, including toy and playmate preferences. The results of study 2 do not, but amniotic fluid testosterone may be an insufficiently sensitive measure of early androgen exposure. A more sensitive and reliable measure of prenatal androgen exposure may be needed to consistently detect relations to later gender typed behavior in non-clinical populations.

Dr. E. R. Corson. - A Suggestion in the Operation for Vesico-vaginal Fistula. - (American Journal of Obstetrics etc., 1894, VIII, p. 209-212). - Improvement in the technique of suturing vesicovaginal fistulas

A black woman suffering from a fistula of 4 millimeters in diameter, located on the anterior wall of the vagina, was twice unsuccessfully operated on by Dr. Corson. Then S., starting the 3rd section of the operation, came up with such an adaptation: taking a small, guta-percha ball (children's toy), cut it into the center and. I inserted an oblong shoe button through the hole with the eye outward; a strong thread is pulled through the eyelet. The ball in a compressed form is passed through the fistula into the bladder. When the ball is pulled downwards, the edges of the fistula, protruding, become clearly visible and easily accessible. Having freed the edges of the fistula and applied sutures, Corson parted the stitches, removed the ball from the urinary bladder and then finished the operation in the usual way. The fistula healed with primary tension.