Group Of Children Research Articles

Pedagogy of choreography: teaching features and principles

The article reveals the basic principles of training, which preserve the continuity of traditions and the specifics of the profession in the training of specialists in the field of choreographic art. The authors analyze the peculiarities of teaching in the field of choreographic art, develop its concepts and principles based on the experience of teaching and performing practice in the training of specialists-mentors, teachers-choreographers of children's dance groups. On the basis of scientific works in the field of general pedagogy and pedagogy of choreographic art, the authors have developed modern principles of teaching and presented the results of the study for consideration. The recognition of the choreographic art of Kazakhstan at the world level is the result of the high creative potential of choreographers, the performance skills of dancers and the invaluable work of domestic choreographers. In the conditions of intensive development of the innovative, technological and integration process, the special specifics of choreographic pedagogy, the main functions and professional activities of choreographers require scientific and creative research and competent differentiation.

CLINICAL-ANAMNESTIC AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC MARKERS OF NEONATAL SEPSIS AT DIFFERENT GESTATION AGE OF NEWBORN

neonatal sepsis remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal age. Theinvolvement of the myocardium in sepsis remains insufficiently studied, in particular in neonatology, where issues ofmyocardial dysfunction in neonatal generalized infection seem even more controversial, especially in neonatal sepsisat different gestational terms. Objective. To study specific clinical and anamnestic and echocardiographic parametersin infants depending on gestational age for optimization of the prognosis in neonatal sepsis. Material and researchmethods. To achieve this goal, we observed 57 newborns with a verified diagnosis of “Neonatal sepsis”. Group I (23patients – 40.3%) included newborns with a gestational age of 37-42 weeks, Group II – 34 premature infants (59.7%)with a gestation of up to 36 weeks. The latter group, depending on the gestational age, was divided into IIA subgroup,
 which was formed by 21 prematurely born patients with NS with a gestational age of 32-36 weeks, and the IIB sub-group – 13 newborns born before 32 weeks of gestation. Research results. The analysis showed that the severity of the
 impairment in the general condition of the examined newborns general condition was assessed as severe in 47.8% ofnewborns of group I, in 88.2% of cases in group II (PI: II <0.05), in 85.7% of representatives of subgroup IIA (PI:IIA <0.05) and in 92.3% of children of subgroup IIB (PI: IIB <0.001). It is shown that every third child (30.4%) ofgroup I, 67.6% of newborns of group II (PI: II <0.05), half (52.4%) of the representatives of subgroup IIA (PII: IIA<0.01) and all seriously ill patients (92.3%) of subgroup IIB (PI: IIB, IIA: IIB <0.05) required cardiopulmonaryresuscitation in the delivery room. Thus, in relation to full-term patients, the risk of this significant postnatal factorof emergency is likely to increase: for group II: OR - 4.77 (95% CI 2.63-8.68), RR - 2.17 (95% CI 1.57-3.0), AR =0.37; and for premature babies with a gestational age of less than 32 weeks (IIB subgroup), respectively: OR – 27.44(95% CI 11.73-64.19), RR – 7.55 (95% CI 5.58-10.21 ), AR – 0.65. The correlation analysis showed that in prematureinfants suffering from NS, the increase in the functional capacity of the left ventricular myocardium was associatedwith the female sex (for EF r = 0.94, P = 0.0001, for FS - r = 0, 94, P = 0.0001) and the number of days of inotropicsupport (for EF r = 0.68, P = 0.043, for FS - r = 0.71, P = 0.03). Conclusions. The analysis of echocardiographic
 parameters in the group of premature infants revealed a direct correlation between the ejection fraction and cardio-vascular resuscitation immediately after birth (r = 0.64) and the duration of inotropic drugs (r = 0.68).

Color Formation of Musical Compositions of Children’s Choir “Vocalista Angels”

Vocalista Angels Children's Choir is one of the children's choir groups in Klaten Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, established in 1997. Most of the members are children from villages who do not understand singing techniques correctly or conform to classical vocal techniques. So that when practicing, this group has a different method from the classical vocal method that is standard in their coaching. This study seeks to reveal the typical character traits and the principles in practice to produce a unique character distinctive. The method in carrying out this research is mostly in the form of observations involved in data collection. Written records and audiovisual recordings are the most likely ways to obtain valid data. This method produces descriptive data in the form of written, spoken, or musical words for the group members who are the object of observation. As a result, in terms of sound production, it is very clear that phrasing, articulation, resonance, and intonation are important concerns in every practice in choral processing. In the final packaging of production, this group pays serious attention to dynamics, interpretation, and expression. This kind of knowledge is very useful for developing productive and practical knowledge for the presentation of music, especially the production of music in a chorus that has complexities that are not simple.

Comparison of Nutritional Status between Kindergarten Groups in Split

AIM: to determine whether there is a difference in the level of nutritional status of children across age groups, which would indicate the need for a change in caloric values of daily menus that are currently the same for all age groups in kindergartens in Split. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: The study was conducted during June 2020 in “Grigor Vitez” kindergarten in Split. All parents were asked to voluntarily complete a questionnaire with a guarantee of anonymity. The data on height and weight of children were used to calculate the nutritional indicators: the body mass index (BMI) and the percentile curves of the body mass index (% BMI), defined by gender and age. RESULTS: Data for 128 children aged 3 - 6.99 of the kindergarten "Grigor Vitez" were analyzed. Children in the selected kindergartens did not differ significantly in relation to the level of their nutritional status across age groups (3 – 3.99 years, 4 – 4.99 years, 5 – 5.99 years, 6 – 6.99 years). The highest average percentile was determined (60.30) in the age group of children aged 6.00 - 6.99, which is 12.89 points higher than the average value of the percentile of children aged 3.00 - 3.99 years, while no difference was found by testing (F = 0.936; p = 0.426). CONCLUSION: Only percentile values were compared between kindergarten groups, and so it can be concluded that meals may have appropriate energy values, which should be checked by analyzing the menus, and comparing them with the recommendations.

‘Good’ or ‘well calculated’? Effects of feedback on performance and self-concept of 5- to 7-year-old children in math

In this quasi-experimental study, we investigated whether basic arithmetic skills and mathematical self-concept of young children can be influenced by feedback during an interactive session in which a game was played. German 5- to 7-year-old children (n = 79) played an adaption of the game House of Numbers six times, either in a specific or an unspecific feedback group, or they belonged to a passive control group. In a pre- and post-test design, children’s mathematical performance and self-concept were assessed twice. The results show that playing the game and receiving any feedback led to significantly greater gains in the acquisition of basic arithmetic skills than being in the passive control group. Children in the specific feedback group showed greater benefits. Children in all groups displayed very high mathematical self-concepts at pre-test, which they maintained in the specific and control groups but not in the unspecific feedback group.

Developing Interactive Multimedia for Multiple Intelligence-Based Learning for B Group Children at PAUD Terpadu Al-Furqan Kaliwates, Jember

This development research was carried out at the Al Furqan Integrated PAUD, Kaliwates Jember District, Jember Regency in the 2019/2020 school year. The purpose of this study was to describe the process and results of developing interactive multimedia media in multiple intelligence-based learning for group B children. The data collection techniques used were validation, observation, and questionnaires. This research is included in the type of development research proposed by Bor and Gall, because this type of research is used to develop and validate products in the fields of education and learning. The research stages consisted of the problem identification stage, the data collection stage, the product design stage, the product design validation stage, the product design revision stage, the product trial stage, the product revision stage, and the usage trial stage. The interactive multimedia development test consists of validity tests, practicality tests, and effectiveness tests. The results of the development of interactive multimedia learning media are categorized as valid based on the assessments given by expert validators and practitioner validators. Learning is categorized as effective as seen from the activities of children who show above average values, positive teacher responses when teaching using interactive multimedia media and children are more enthusiastic in learning activities. Learning is categorized as practical as seen from the teacher's activity which shows the percentage is above average, namely 92% with good interpretation.

Children's decision making in cancer therapy: A long-term observational study.

The survival rate of children with cancer has increased substantially in recent years. Shared decision making (i.e., the ability of children with cancer to express their will and share it with medical personnel) has become a particularly important issue. The nature and developmental processes of children's decision making in hospital should be understood. There is, however, a lack of research in this area. From January 2016 to March 2018, we conducted a longitudinal qualitative observational study, within the context of medical anthropology, in a hospital pediatric ward in Japan. We investigated the nature and development of decision making among seven children aged 5-12 years with hematologic cancers. We recorded their everyday behaviors, interactions, narratives, and events in the ward. The recording was conducted systematically and it was analyzed thematically using both variable-oriented and process-oriented modes to assess causal relationships between phenomena. The thematic analysis identified three thematic scenes in which children developed their will regarding cancer treatment: (1) adjusting to hospital life; (2) forming friendships with other children; and (3) communicating with medical personnel. Sharing information, building trusting relationships, and sharing treatment goals with medical personnel were identified as forms of children's participation in medical decision making. Through cultivated friendships, children's peer groups were sources of resilience and strength in overcoming difficulties in hospital life. The development of children's decision making in a pediatric oncology ward was based on various rich human relationships. Such relationships should be promoted to improve shared decision making substantially.

VeggieSense: A non-taste multisensory exposure technique for increasing vegetable acceptance in young children

Vegetable consumption falls well below recommended levels for children in the UK. Previous research has found that repeated non-taste sensory exposure over the course of several days increases young children's willingness to touch and taste vegetables. The current study examined the impact of a one-off multisensory non-taste exposure intervention that took place on a single day on children's willingness to taste and intake of the exposed vegetables. Children (N = 110) aged 3- to 4-years-old were assigned to one of three intervention groups or to a control group. Children in all groups participated individually in a single activity session delivered in their nursery. Children in the intervention conditions took part in fun activities that provided either (a) visual exposure, (b) smell and visual exposure, or (c) smell, touch and visual exposure to six raw and prepared vegetables. Children in the control group engaged in a visual exposure activity with non-food items. After the exposure activities, all children were offered the prepared vegetables to eat; their willingness to taste and intake of the vegetables were measured. Results confirmed previous findings of sensory exposure activities increasing children's willingness to taste and intake of vegetables and revealed linear trends in both measures of acceptance with the number of senses engaged; children who took part in smell, touch and visual activities showed the highest level of acceptance. Findings suggest that multisensory exposures are effective in increasing consumption of vegetables in young children and that the effect of sensory exposure to healthy foods may be cumulative, with the more senses engaged prior to offering a food, the better.

Igh-V(D)J NGS-MRD Measurement in Pediatric B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

IntroductionB-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common cancer of childhood. Early response to induction chemotherapy is one of the important prognostic factors in B-ALL. However, the analytic sensitivity for flow cytometry (FC) is only 10 -4. The feasibility of using next-generation sequencing (NGS) of immunoglobulin for the determination of minimal residual disease (MRD) in B-ALL has been demonstrated. This study aimed to investigate the performance of NGS techniques measuring immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH)-variable, diversity, and joining (V[D]J) clonal rearrangements compared with FC in detecting MRD for children with B-ALL and to predict the clinical outcome of B-ALL patients.MethodsNewly diagnosed younger than 18 years old B-ALL patients who received the treatment strategy of South China children's leukemia Group (SCCLG)-ALL 2016 were recruited. DNA extracted from bone marrow cells at all available time points for each patient was submitted to Simcere diagnostics for sequencing using Illumina NovaSeq platform. We performed IgH V(D)J NGS and FCM on the bone marrow serially obtained at diagnosis (D0), 15 days at induction therapy (D15), 33 days at induction therapy (D33) and then at the end of induction therapy (EOI). We defined MRD positive (MRD +) by IgH V(D)J NGS and FCM as more than 1 blast cell among 10 4 and 10 6 bone marrow cells, respectively. The sensitivity of MRD detection by IgH V(D)J NGS and FCM, and the association of MRD status with clinicopathological characteristics were investigated. Statistical analysis was performed through SPSS Statistics 22. Enumeration data and correlation between MRD data and clinicopathological characteristics were compared by Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as # NCT04977895.ResultsAs of July 27, 2021, 22 patients (median age, 4.5 years; range, 3.0-7.3) were enrolled in the study. Three patients (13.6%) had a t (9;22) translocation consistent with Philadelphia chromosome positive disease. According to risk stratifications, 8 (36.4%), 8 (36.4%), and 2 (9.1%) patients were classified as low risk (LR), intermediate risk (IR), and high risk (HR) groups, respectively. The remaining 4 patients are still under treatment and have not been classified. We identified leukemic IgH clones in 100% of the diagnostic samples and 68.2% (15/22) of the patients were polyclonal. In 11 patients whose samples of all the four timepoints (D0, D15, D33, EOI) have been tested in parallel by FCM and IgH V(D)J NGS, the frequencies of patients with MRD + were 30.4% vs. 90.9% at D15 (P＜0.05) by FCM and IgH V(D)J NGS. IgH V(D)J NGS MRD monitoring could identify MRD + patients with frequency of 45.5% and 18.2% among patients achieved MRD negativity by FCM at D33 (P＜0.05) and EOI (P = 0.46). With an MRD detection limit of 10 -6, 90.9% (10/11), 36.4% (4/11) and 18.2% (2/11) patients were MRD negative by FCM but positive by the NGS test at D15, D33 and EOI, respectively. This suggested that the sensitivity of IgH V(D)J NGS was significantly higher than that of FCM. Correlation of the measured MRD between the two methods in the entire cohort (r = 0.7934, P < 0.0001) as well as in the concordant cases (r = 0.5558, P = 0.0032) was very high. There was a high discordant rate with NGS identifying more patients MRD + at this threshold. Furthermore, NGS MRD was positive but the FCM MRD was negative in 13 samples (P < 0.0001). In addition, positive MRD status of D33 by NGS was significantly associated with the age of B-ALL patients, patients under 6 years more frequently harbored detectable MRD compared with those ≥ 6 years old (87.5% vs. 11.1%, P < 0.01). There was no patient relapsed after a medium follow-up of 10.5 months.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the higher sensitivity of IgH-V(D)J NGS in MRD detection of B-ALL, which implies that NGS MRD monitoring could be helpful for more accurate risk stratifications and more precise treatment according to risk stratifications. Further study with a larger sample size and a longer follow-up period is need. [Display omitted] DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Short Versus Long Steroid Therapy in Nephrotic Syndrome

Source: Pasini A, Bertulli C, Casadio L, et al. Childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: does the initial steroid treatment modify the outcome? A multicentre, prospective cohort study. Front. Pediatr. 2021;9:627636; doi.10.3389/fped.2021.627636Investigators from multiple institutions in Italy conducted a prospective study comparing relapses in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) treated with different steroid regimens, with treatment based on time to remission (TTR). Study patients were children >6 months to <18 years old with a first episode of INS, defined as proteinuria >40 mg/m2/hr or urine protein/creatinine ration (uPr/UCr) >2 mg/mg, and serum albumin <2.5 g/dL who were treated at 49 different pediatric units in Italy between 2011 and 2016. Children with congenital or secondary nephrotic syndrome were excluded. TTR was defined as first day of negative/trace protein on daily dipstick assessment after initiation of treatment. Study patients with a TTR of ≤10 days received prednisone, 60 mg/m2/day for 4 weeks, while those with a TTR >10 days were treated with the same prednisone dose for 6 weeks. Both groups had the same steroid-tapering dose regimen. Study patients who did not achieve remission within 8 weeks were classified as steroid-resistant and excluded.Study participants were followed for 24 months, with relapses defined as 3 days of ≥2+ protein on urine dipstick confirmed by a uPr/UCr >2 mg/mg. Primary outcomes included any relapse, time to first relapse and number of relapses. These outcomes were compared between those with a TTR ≤10 days (group A) and those with a TTR >10 days (group B) using chi-square or non-parametric (Wilcoxon, Krukal-Wallis) tests. A Kaplan Meier analysis was used to compare relapse-free survival in patients in groups A and B.A total of 184 children were enrolled in the study, but 21 steroid-resistant and 20 non-compliant patients were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 143 participants, 100 (70%) had a TTR ≤10 days (group A) and 43 had a longer TTR (group B). Children in group A were significantly older (mean ages 4.73 and 4.14 years, respectively; P = 0.01) and had a lower mean uPr/UCr than those in group B. A relapse occurred in 118 (78%) participants, including 77% of those in group A and 79% of group B patients (P = 0.91). There was also no difference in number of relapses between participants in group A and B (mean number 1.8 and 2, respectively; P = 0.43). Mean time to first relapse was longer for children in group A than group B (206 vs 167 days; P = 0.05), but relapse-free survival was not significantly different between groups.The authors conclude that in children with INS, different steroid regimens, based on TTR, were not associated with risk of relapse.Dr Sanchez-Kazi has disclosed no financial relationship relevant to this commentary. This commentary does not contain a discussion of an unapproved/investigative use of a commercial product/device.Nephrotic syndrome is one of the most common glomerular disorders in children.1 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines recommend treatment of the initial episode with 60 mg/m2 or 2 mg/kg daily for 4–6 weeks (maximum 60 mg) followed by alternate day prednisone at 40 mg/m2 or 1.5 mg/kg x 2–5 months with tapering of the dose.2 The current investigators assessed whether induction therapy of 4 weeks vs 6 weeks with the same duration of weaning will alter the frequency of relapses and development of frequently relapsing INS.There may be an inherent fault in the trial since the investigators used TTR as the randomization criterion. The results of previous studies demonstrated that TTR is not a significant factor in the prediction of the number of relapses in steroid sensitive INS.1 It would have been better if the randomization was done based on age. As reported in the current study, the younger age group had a higher number of relapses despite longer induction. Similar findings were reported in a meta-analysis of European children less than 4 years of age.1,3 Multiple randomized controlled studies in different countries also have shown that the standard therapy and further extension of the standard therapy did not alter the risk of frequent relapses in steroid sensitive INS (See AAP Grand Rounds. 2020;43:32.)4-7Shorter steroid therapy was not only cost-effective but associated with fewer adverse effects on growth and behavior due to lower cumulative dose.5–6 In the future, biomarkers may be useful in risk stratification of patients with steroid-sensitive INS and modifying the frequency of relapses.Duration and dose of steroid induction therapy do not modify the number of relapses in steroid-sensitive INS in children.

Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment induced by pesticide residues in commercially available ready-to-eat raisins of Iran based on Monte Carlo Simulation

Pesticide residues in fruits lead to serious public health and environmental problems. This study was undertaken to analyze 57 pesticides residues in 60 commercially available ready-to-eat packed raisins samples from Iran's markets using Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) approach along with acetonitrile for the extraction, surface adsorbents for clean-up procedure, following with an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Moreover, the probabilistic health risk assessment includes non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk were estimated by hazard quotient (HQ), Hazard Index (HI) and cancer risk (CR) using the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method. The respective numbers attributed to LOD and LOQ were 0.001–0.03 mg kg−1 and 0.005–0.05 mg kg−1. Results showed that 23% of samples were contaminated by at least one pesticide according to national MRLs. The rank order of pesticides based on HQ was carbendazim > acetamiprid > thiodicarb > iprodione for raisins with percentile 95% benchmark. The HI amount in the adult's age group was 0.001, and in the children's age group was obtained to be 0.006. According to the risk assessment results (HQ and HI < 1 in both age groups), it can be acknowledged that consumption of raisins may not pose remarkable health hazards in short term exposures. The rank order of pesticides based on CR was thiodicarb > iprodion. But total CR (TCR) was lower than 1E-6 value (7.6E-8), so consumers were not at considerable carcinogenic risk in this commodity. Acetamiprid and carbendazim does not pose a cancer risk to humans. Therefore, a dietary exposure assessment for the purpose of assessing cancer risk is unnecessary.

Peran Orang Tua dalam Pendidikan Seks pada Anak Usia 5-9 Tahun Di Nagari Tanjuang Bungo Kecamatan Suliki Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota

Sex education in early childhood aims for provide understanding to children regarding their reproductive organs, as well as matters concerning the differences between the two sexes and the introduction of dynamic body organs that the child can understand. Providing sex education is the obligation of parents for the future of their children to protect themselves from what has become the dignity of a child. Sex education is very useful because it considers the number of cases of sexual violence against children. This study aims to dig deeper into the role of parents in sex education for children in providing sexual education information according to the child's age group to reduce the high rate of sexual abuse to children. This research is qualitative, the participants are selected by purposive sampling technique. The research participants consisted of 4 people, namely Walinagari Tanjuang Bungo, Cadre, Parents and Children. The in-depth interview technique uses a recording device with a structured interview guide, as well as field notes. Data analysis used qualitative content analysis with collaizi approach. The role of parents in Nagari Tanjuang Bungo regarding sex education for children in introducing, expressing, sharing and guiding is still not perfect, because there are barrier factors, namely educational factors, economic and socio-cultural factors and family economic factors, which make parents busy with daily work activities. Days to provide for the family. As a result, parents forget about their role as parents in introducing sex education to children from an early age.

Group Identity as a Prognostic Factor of Mental Health in Preschool Children

Introduction. Victim stance of an individual may arise due to negative social relationships (Chojnacka, 2020) and may be associated with the experience of loneliness (Barbaro, 1999); lack of close friends and rejection by peers; lack of play partner and negative relationships in childhood (Chase, 1999). However, studies investigating the peculiarities of group identity development and the problem of loneliness in preschool children are insufficiently presented in the modern scientific literature. In this article, the phenomenon of victimhood, the experience of acceptance or rejection by a group of peers are considered in the context of preschooler’s mental health genesis.&#x0D; Purpose. The aim of the study is to determine the features of group identity development in preschool children in kindergartens based on the examples of children and the memories of adults.&#x0D; Materials and methods: an anonymous survey with open-ended and closed-ended questions was used (n = 247). The participants of the survey were parents of preschoolers attending modern preschool educational institutions (n = 140) and respondents who attended kindergarten as children (n = 107, aged 12 to 55). They were asked to evaluate the organization of groups in kindergarten; the features of interpersonal interaction of children; meeting the needs of children in child-care facilities; the main functions of the kindergarten and their level of trust in educators.&#x0D; Results: Kindergarten is a second important environment where a child continues to develop his group identity and ego-identity, and not just a place where children stay when parents are at work. Children who have difficulty interacting with their peers often face aggression from peers, experience feelings of loneliness, but not always receive help from their teachers. The majority of respondents (75.7%) answered that the experience of communication in kindergarten influenced their emotional state, self-esteem and communicative competence at school.&#x0D; Conclusions: The peculiarities of children's group identity in the preschool period are experiences of interest in interaction with a certain group of peers, the desire to be accepted and at the same time hostility towards or lack of interest in other peers. A significant percentage of experienced loneliness among modern children (35.5%) and adults (27.1%) who attended kindergarten more than 30 years ago indicates that this problem has existed for decades and requires more attention from scientists. Absence of play partners and frequent conflicts with peers lead to low self-esteem, fear of communication with children, other toxic experience and, as a consequence, to the risks of victimization in the future

Esthetic impact of maxillary midline diastema and mandibular crowding in children in the mixed dentition

This study aimed to investigate the esthetic impact of mandibular crowding and maxillary midline diastema in children in the mixed dentition. The sample for this cross-sectional study comprised 785 children, aged 8-10years, in the late mixed dentition. Mandibular crowding and maxillary midline diastema were evaluated clinically with the Dental Aesthetic Index. Mandibular crowding and maxillary midline diastema were evaluated to determine tooth size-arch length discrepancies. The sample was stratified as group 1, children without maxillary midline diastema or mandibular crowding (n=177); group 2, children with maxillary midline diastema (n=256); group 3, children with mandibular crowding (n=208); and group 4, children with maxillary midline diastema and mandibular crowding (n=144). The subjective esthetic impact was evaluated using the Orthodontic Aesthetic Subjective Impact Score. Descriptive and exploratory analyses of the data were performed. A generalized linear model was applied, adjusted for the possible confounding variables (age, gender, and race) with a significance level of 5% because the Orthodontic Aesthetic Subjective Impact Score did not meet the assumptions of analysis of variance. Children in groups 2 and 3 showed greater esthetic concern than group 1 (P<0.05). Children in groups 2 and 3 did not show a significant difference with children in group 4 (P>0.05). Children with mixed dentition with mandibular crowding or maxillary median diastema reported significantly more esthetic concern than children without these conditions.

The experience of using dibazol for the prevention of influenza in children's groups during the 1962 epidemic.

Dibazol is currently widely used in the treatment of various diseases. Often it is used in a children's clinic, in particular for flaccid paresis and sensitivity disorders of various origins (NN Anosov and MA Rozin, 1956, etc.). A. Ya. Broitman (1956) used dibazol in the treatment of whooping cough.

General and Oral Health Status and Behaviours of Group of Children with Down Syndrome in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Study

General and Oral Health Status and Behaviours of Group of Children with Down Syndrome in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Study

Designing Technologies to Support Parent-Child Relationships: A Review of Current Findings and Suggestions for Future Directions

Diverse fields, including CSCW, Communication, and Human Development studies, have investigated how technologies can better support parent-child relationships. While these studies are scattered across literature, little effort has been made to synthesize the findings. We conducted a review of studies that examined the factors associated with parent-child relationships that are mediated by technologies. Specifically, we synthesized previous studies based on children's age groups and different family contexts, including cohabitation. From a total of 12,942 search results from two databases, and 32 results from the hand-searching process, we conducted a full-text review of 190 articles and identified 19 suitable studies. An additional search during the revision cycle resulted in 6 more full-text reviews and 1 additional study being included in the data analysis. We analyzed challenges and facilitators in designing CSCW systems supporting parent-child relationships for families living together or apart and families with children of different developmental stages. Findings showed two common challenges, which should be addressed in technology designed to support parent-child relationships: discrepancies in expected communication between parents and child(ren) and the complex emotions of parents toward parenting caused by their busy schedules. Challenges specific to families who are living apart included consequences from being physically distant and having limited access to communication resources. The following factors commonly helped facilitate parent-child relationships: (1) reciprocity norms of the family (2) reinforcement of transparency, affection, and trust, (3) a physical proxy of each other through an object or interface design, (4) accessibility, the sophistication level of technology, and communication resources, (5) enjoyable, age-appropriate shared content among parents and children, and (6) situational awareness and routine as ways to increase parent-child relationships. Media richness and synchronicity in system design and privacy preservation without interruption facilitated parent-child relationships of families living apart. Based on the findings, we discuss opportunities for technological innovation for physically co-located families and the importance of considering children's age and developmental stages in designing technology for parent-child relationships.

Analysis of Early Reading Ability of Children in Group B of Kindergarten Tut Wuri Handayani Samahani Aceh Besar

Reading is an activity of following a series of writings arranged in a linear manner. Experience is an important aspect of the reading process. Children who have a lot of experience will have a wider opportunity in developing an understanding of vocabulary in reading. The formulation of the problem in this study, what activities are done in training beginning reading skills in group B in TK Tut Wuri Handayani Samahani Aceh Besar. How is the description of beginning reading ability in group B in TK Tut Wuri Handayani Samahani Aceh Besar. What are the obstacles faced by teachers in teaching beginning reading skills to group B children in TK Tut Wuri Handayani Samahani Aceh Besar. The purpose of this study is to see a picture of the activities given to children in group B in TK Tut Wuri Handayani Samahani Aceh Besar. To see the beginning reading ability in group B children in TK Tut Wuri Handayani Samahani Aceh Besar. To find out the obstacles faced by teachers on the ability to read beginning in group B children in TK Tut Wuri Handayani Samahani Aceh Besar. The type of research is Qualitative research The instrument used is an interview, the sample size is 1 principal and 2 classroom teachers. The results show that beginning reading is very important for early childhood which will be the foundation of the beginning of reading. Teachers who teach at TK Tut Wuri Handayani Aceh Besar, are very understanding about the development of children's reading and also teachers at TK Tut Wuri Handayani Aceh Besar always encourage children by providing creative media that can attract children's attention in beginning reading so that teachers provide reading learning start by using a system of play while learning.

The effects of maximal radial bowing on forearm rotation in pediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures.

To evaluate the effects of radial bowing on forearm rotation in forearm fractures compared with healthy children. A retrospective study was conducted on children aged 1-16years old. Group 1 was children with history of diaphyseal forearm fractures, and group 2 was healthy children. Children in group 1 with ≤ 70° forearm pronation and/or ≤ 80° supination on affected side are defined as "case." In group 2, children with forearm pronation > 70° and/or supination > 80° are defined as "control." Radial bowing was measured on AP radiograph of the forearm; maximal radial bowing (MRB) and location of the maximal radial bowing (LMRB) were recorded. Total of 112 children were included (group 1 = 70, group 2 = 42). In group 1, there were 28 children with ≤ 70° forearm pronation and/or ≤ 80° forearm supination (case group). In group 2, there were 33 children with > 70° forearm pronation and > 80° forearm supination (control group). Mean age of case and control group was 11.08 ± 3.02 and 7.85 ± 3.93years, respectively. Average MRB was 6.15 ± 1.93% and LMRB was 61.94 ± 9.41% in case group. In control group, average MRB was 7.23 ± 1.03% and LMRB was 62.08 ± 4.24%. There was statistically significant correlation between children with ≤ 70° forearm pronation and MRB (P = 0.034) compared with control group. Also, there was statistically significant correlation between children with ≤ 80° forearm supination and MRB (P = 0.023) compared with control group. For ROC curve analysis, MRB ≤ 6.84% showed the association with ≤ 70° forearm pronation (72.2% sensitivity and 73.8% specificity) and MRB ≤ 5.75% associated with ≤ 80° forearm supination (54.6% sensitivity and 84.9% specificity). Children with MRB ≤ 6.84% can result in ≤ 70° forearm pronation, and MRB ≤ 5.75% can be presented with ≤ 80° forearm supination.

Взаємозв’язок сироваткового вмісту цитокінів і нейропептидів у дітей з рекурентним бронхітом і синдромом вертебробазилярної артеріальної системи

Актуальність. Наявність дисбалансу нервової регуляції у дітей зумовлює тяжкий клінічний перебіг бронхолегеневої патології. Вивчення нейроімунних взає­мин у дітей з синдромом вертебробазилярної артеріальної системи і гострими бронхітами дозволить встановити важливі елементи патогенезу даної комбінації. Мета дослідження: визначення нейроімунних взаємин у дітей з синдромом вертебробазилярної артеріальної системи, що сприяють формуванню частих повторних (рекурентних) гострих бронхітів. Матеріали та методи. Під спостереженням знаходилося 60 дітей віком від 7 до 12 років. Сформовано 2 групи спостереження (по 30 дітей у кожній): 1) діти з синдромом вертебробазилярної артеріальної системи, які хворіють на гострий бронхіт; 2) діти без синдрому вертебробазилярної артеріальної системи, які хворіють на гострий бронхіт. Результати. У дітей 1-ї групи порівняно з дітьми 2-ї групи частіше реєструється зниження фагоцитарного числа (на 56,7 %; р &lt; 0,05), фагоцитарного індексу (на 53,3 %; р &lt; 0,05), індексу завершеності фагоцитозу (на 66,7 %; р &lt; 0,05), стимульованого НСТ-тесту (на 40 %; р &lt; 0,05). При дослідженні адаптивного імунітету виявлено збільшення кількості дітей 1-ї групи з підвищеним вмістом в крові CD3+ (на 40 %; р &lt; 0,05), CD4+ (на 33,4 %; р &lt; 0,05), CD8+ (на 46,7 %; р &lt; 0,05), CD25+ (на 83,3 %; р &lt; 0,05), збільшенням в сироватці крові концентрації IgG (на 33,3 %; р &lt; 0,05) і IgМ (на 54,3 %; р &lt; 0,05) на тлі зниження IgА (на 40 %; р &lt; 0,05). У дітей 1-ї групи частіше реєструвався підвищений вміст в сироватці крові фактора некрозу пухлини a (на 70 %; р &lt; 0,05) і зниження інтерлейкіну 10 (на 40 %; р &lt; 0,05) одночасно зі збільшенням концентрації субстанції Р (на 40 %; р &lt; 0,05) і зниженням вазоактивного інтестинального пептиду (на 30 %; р &lt; 0,05). Висновки. У дітей з синдромом вертебробазилярної артеріальної системи, які хворіють на гострі бронхіти, має місце переважання в сироватці крові прозапальних цитокінів і нейропептидів з недостатністю протизапальних.