Children In Ways Research Articles

"As Long as I Got a Breath in My Body": Risk and Resistance in Black Maternal Embodiment.

"Mothering while black" in Cleveland, Ohio is a radical act. This highly segregated, highly unequal urban environment is replete with the chronic stressors that degrade well-being and diminish survival for Black mothers and their infants; specifically, a maternal mortality rate two and a half times that of their white counterparts and an infant mortality rate nearly three times that of infants born to white mothers. In the midst of such tragedy and disadvantage, Black mothers strive to love and care for their children in ways that mitigate the toxicity of structural racism. The seventeen pregnant and postpartum Black women in this ethnographic study describe transformational experiences with what we label "betterment:" whereby they center their children's perspective and needs, reconsider their social networks, and focus on the future with an unflinching understanding of the constraints of structural racism. Locating betterment alongside other examples of maternal embodiment and through the rich theoretical lens of Black feminist scholars these participant narratives suggest that the toxic effects of racism and the means to resist them are embodied by Black mothers. A nuanced understanding of Black motherhood disrupts public discourses of blame and responsibility that obscure our collective duty to dismantle structural racism.

Mothers and Authority

Mothers and Authority

Willing but Unable: How Resources Help Low-Income Mothers Care for their Children and Minimise Child Protection Interventions

AbstractLow-income mothers face disproportionately high risks of engaging with statutory child protection systems. Whilst this is often perceived as a result of poor or irresponsible parenting practices, an increasing body of scholarship foregrounds the role of structural issues—such as poverty and homelessness—that constrain mothers’ agency and impact their ability to care for their children. In this article, we examine Australia’s first permanent Supportive Housing for Families (SHF) programme, which offers low-income mothers practical resources to minimise the risk of statutory child protection intervention. Our research aims to understand low-income mothers’ willingness and ability to care for their children, and how mothers engaged with and made meaning of their experiences residing in SHF. Using a qualitative research design, we analyse interview data with programme mothers (n = 17), programme support workers (n = 10) and statutory child protection officers (n = 7). We find that the resources provided through the programme enabled mothers to care for their children in ways that aligned with their parenting beliefs and aspirations. We conclude that SHF programmes may be an effective means through which low-income mothers can overcome the structural barriers that keep them engaged with statutory child protection systems.

Clinical progress note: Care of children and adolescents hospitalized for mental health crises in non-psychiatric settings.

Journal of Hospital MedicineEarly View PROGRESS NOTES: CLINICAL PRACTICE UPDATE OR METHODOLOGICAL UPDATE Clinical progress note: Care of children and adolescents hospitalized for mental health crises in non-psychiatric settings Alison C. Herndon MD, MSPH, Corresponding Author Alison C. Herndon MD, MSPH alison.herndon@vumc.org orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-8705 Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA Correspondence Alison C. Herndon, MD, MSPH, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, 2200 Children's Way, VCH 1025, Nashville, TN 37232-9001, USA. Email: alison.herndon@vumc.orgSearch for more papers by this authorHeather Kreth PsyD, Heather Kreth PsyD Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USASearch for more papers by this author Alison C. Herndon MD, MSPH, Corresponding Author Alison C. Herndon MD, MSPH alison.herndon@vumc.org orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-8705 Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA Correspondence Alison C. Herndon, MD, MSPH, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, 2200 Children's Way, VCH 1025, Nashville, TN 37232-9001, USA. Email: alison.herndon@vumc.orgSearch for more papers by this authorHeather Kreth PsyD, Heather Kreth PsyD Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 27 January 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/jhm.2773Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation

A Systematic Review of Research on Robot-Assisted Therapy for Children with Autism

Recent studies have shown that children with autism may be interested in playing with an interactive robot. Moreover, the robot can engage these children in ways that demonstrate essential aspects of human interaction, guiding them in therapeutic sessions to practice more complex forms of interaction found in social human-to-human interactions. We review published articles on robot-assisted autism therapy (RAAT) to understand the trends in research on this type of therapy for children with autism and to provide practitioners and researchers with insights and possible future directions in the field. Specifically, we analyze 38 articles, all of which are refereed journal articles, that were indexed on Web of Science from 2009 onward, and discuss the distribution of the articles by publication year, article type, database and journal, research field, robot type, participant age range, and target behaviors. Overall, the results show considerable growth in the number of journal publications on RAAT, reflecting increased interest in the use of robot technology in autism therapy as a salient and legitimate research area. Factors, such as new advances in artificial intelligence techniques and machine learning, have spurred this growth.

Designing and organizing science learning games for preschool children at the age of 5-6 in the STEAM approach

In the preschool education, educational games are one of the teaching methods used to explore children's great learning potential, help children gain knowledge, skills, and willpower, and support children's comprehensive personality development. In the 21st century, the scientific and high-tech knowledge impacts human life. Preschool educators are paying more and more attention to scientific education and innovation, especially in the STEAM education approach. This study used the theoretical framework to introduce the two models “Cognitive Development” by J. Piaget, related to preschool children's way of learning and playing science games and “Application of Social Constructivism” to design and organize science learning games in teaching preschoolers. In addition to the theoretical basis, the author has also presented the research results on the current situation of the STEAM education in preschools in Vietnam and abroad. The study results are the scientific foundation as reference for preschool teachers and educational organizations when designing and organizing science learning games for preschool children at the age of 5-6 in the STEAM approach. The study results also contribute to solving the problems that have not been analyzed in the previous researches.

Psychoanalytical Review of Early Professionalization of a Personality in a Family

The paper represents the theoretical grounding of psychoanalytic determination of early professionalization of a personality in a family. The theoretical review includes the analysis of basic psychoanalytic theories and concepts that relate to the issue of early professionalization of a personality. The specificity of psychoanalytic position in the consideration of professionalization beginning from the early childhood is inseparably connected with the family relationships. The aim of the presented material is theoretical review and systematization of the main psychoanalytic positions of the study of early professionalization of a personality in a family. Based on theoretical systematization and generalization of the main psychoanalytic postulates, the following has been surveyed: the approach of the effect of a child's unconscious desires on the choice of profession in Z. Freud's theory; the study of operatropisms and sublimation as the basis for the formation of professional development by T. Moser; the concept of the influence of organic processes on the development of individual by E. Bordin; A. Roe's theory of appropriateness of the attitude to the needs and orientation to the interests and dominant motives; the concept of the impact of life scenarios and strategies of the early childhood on the adult life by E. Berne, A. Bruhn, I. Stewart and V. Joines; A. Adler's analytical theory of personality in the concepts of experiencing one's superiority; social interest and aspiration to power in the future professional sphere; works concerning the definition of basic trust-distrust by E. Erickson and basic anxiety by K. Horney, which extend to the content of successful professionalization; the approach of unconscious desire for approval in the ego-psychology of H. Kohut; the basic positions of attachment theory of J. Bowlby; D. Winnicott's transitional space, M. Mahler's separation-individuationl; R. Spitz's anaclitic depression; preverbal consciousness of D. Stern. Based on the analysis and theoretical generalization of the problem, it is stated that unconscious children's impulses and ways to protect against them in a family upbringing compose the basis of personality disorders, the symptoms of which explain subjective sufferings, doubt and uncertainty in adult professional life.

Guardian Hosts and Custodial Witnesses: In loco parentis in Women’s Ghost Stories, 1852–1920

ABSTRACT In the mid nineteenthcentury, a subgenre of ghost stories emerged that had roots in a hybrid tradition of institutional religious doctrine and oral folkloric expressions of anxiety over the fate of the child’s soul in the afterlife. Given the persistently high infant mortality rates and increased public awareness of child abuse across the classes, the growing presence of stranded child ghosts in literary fictions of the period represents, I suggest, doubts or fears over the newly dominant liberal insistence that all children would attain peace in heaven and would be reunited and cared for by their family, as well as looked after by God. The child in this period represents the completion of the domestic and gendered ideal and various non-fiction and fiction literatures urged a sense of community care and guardianship over the living child that was extended to its dead spirit. In a great number of ghost stories by well-known and obscure Anglophone women writers, childless female and male protagonists and narrators act as witnesses for, or saviours of, the orphaned ghost child in ways that reframe or interrogate prescribed ideals regarding motherhood, fatherhood, the spinster, and the bachelor, but which simultaneously project concerns over childlessness and childhood more widely.

Design and Redesign of the IACTA App, an Interactive Communication Tool Intended to Facilitate Young Children's Participation in Healthcare Situations

PurposeTo develop the storyboard of IACTA further, based on the child’'s perspective, by testing and evaluating both re-designed and newly designed scenes. Design and methodA participatory design was used involving preschool children (n = 18) aged three to five who tested and evaluated evolving prototypes of the IACTA application. Think aloud and Active intervention were used to elicit verbal responses from the children. Additionally, observational protocols were used to capture, in a structured way, the children's interaction with the app. ResultsBy testing evolving prototypes, the children confirmed previous developments and challenged the newly added scenes of the app. By their interaction, important information regarding the children's ways of navigating the storyboard was obtained. Ways of becoming immersed in the storyboard and the eagerness of dealing with each scene provided information regarding likeability. ConclusionsOverall, this article presents a participatory design process in which preschool aged children were involved in testing and evaluating prototypes of the re-designed IACTA app. In the process, the children provided their perspective on the design and content and eventually, based on their feedback, IACTA was proven to be an age-appropriate tool. Practical implicationsChildren are frequent visitors to healthcare services. Lack of knowledge might trigger fear and anxiety, whereas information provides understanding. Interactive, mobile solutions enable children to receive information within paediatric healthcare contexts. The IACTA application intends to provide children a situated understanding that facilitates their participation in healthcare situations.

A nursing innovation to promote healthy bowel functioning in children

<h2>ABSTRACT</h2><h3>Background</h3> Constipation affects up to 30% of children world-wide and if not managed effectively, this condition can progress into adult years. Constipation in children can result in physical and psychosocial concern. One way to help reduce constipation in children is for nurses and health care professionals, who are working with children, to put strategies in place that enable children to gain an awareness of their own bowel functioning and ways to promote healthy stools. <h3>Aim</h3> The aim of this study was to design and implement an educational resource for children between the ages of four and -8 years about healthy bowel functioning and to evaluate its effectiveness from a parent/ caregiver's perspective. <h3>Methods</h3> This study used a convergent mixed methods approach to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention ‘The Poop it Kit'. Following ethical approval, 15 parents/caregivers were recruited for the study. After a period of 2-4 weeks of using ‘The Poop it Kit' with children, participants were asked to complete a survey as well provide open-ended feedback. <h3>Findings</h3> Results of the survey revealed that ‘The Poop it Kit' was a fun and engaging resource for children. The kit improved children and parents'/caregivers' knowledge about healthy bowel habits and it influenced positive behavioural changes for children in ways to promote healthy bowel functioning. <h3>Discussion</h3> Education to address constipation and ultimately the promotion of healthy bowel functioning begins with parents, caregivers and children feeling open to discuss the topic of poo (faeces) and what makes healthy poo. Nurses play a part in providing that education. Constipation is challenging for the child, and if not managed early can lead to problems such as overflow faecal incontinence. The design of ‘The Poop it Kit' focused on ways to engage children and the resources were beneficial in educating children about healthy bowel habits. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The creation of a resource for children relating to bowel functioning has been a step in the right direction. Improving bowel functioning begins with education. Empowering children with knowledge about their bowels begins with the creation of aged appropriate, fun and engaging resources that children and their caregivers can become immersed in.

Children's conceptions of memory and imagination - from conceptual knowledge to metacognition. Phenomenographical study

The article presents a research project which applied the methodology of phenomenography to describe children's conceptions of memory and imagination. The comparison of two mental concepts was considered a natural cognitive procedure, conducive to reflection on one's own knowledge concerning the features of thought processes and relationships between them. The graphic and verbal explications developed in the course of the task were used to build a map of children's ways of conceptualizing memory and imagination. A group of 59 nine-year-old children (third grade students of several Polish public schools) participated in the research. The conceptions identified as a result of the phenomenographic analysis (a/ memory and imagination as a mental action; b/ memory and imagination as a mental product, and c/ memory and imagination as the subject's resource) proved to be cumulative and inseparable, i.e. the conceptions with a higher level of complexity and sophistication contained elements of simpler, less mature conceptualizations. The analysis of the collected materials leads to the conclusion that organizing one's own metacognitive knowledge in terms of similarities and differences between cognitive processes can provide an important mechanism for learning, allowing to trigger the meanings’ movement between different dimensions of subject's awareness - implicit and explicit, subjective and objective one. The task designed as research tool can be used by teachers as a sort of scaffolding for awakening and supporting children's abilities which are in the zone of proximal development, in the course of intensive development. Conclusions and implications for further research are presented in the summary of the text.

THE EFFECT OF ANIMATION ON THE CHILD'S LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

The aim of the current research is to identify the effect of animation on the language of the child and the researcher relied on the descriptive comparative approach، and the study sample consisted of (100) children and children whose ages ranged between (2-8 years) and the researcher used some tools that included the Arabized linguistic scale for (Abu Hassiba, 2002) The results of the research concluded that there is an inverse significant relationship between the child's exposure to animation and thechild's speech development, as the more the child is exposed to animation and is left in front of the television for long hours، the less language development becomes. Also, statistically significant differences were found between the average degrees of speech development of the child according to the gender of the child, while there was no effect of the animation on the child's way of speaking sounds. The research recommends not leaving the child for long periods of neglect in front of the television، not exposing the child to any language other than the mother tongue، constantly talking with the child in an easy، simple and clear language، not responding to the child by meeting his requests if he refers to his request by hand and does not speak Incorrectly. Key words: animations – Language- children.

PROTOCOL: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials evaluating the impact of parenting programmes for parents of adolescents (10-18 years) on adolescent mental health outcomes, positive development and the parent-adolescent relationship.

PROTOCOL: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials evaluating the impact of parenting programmes for parents of adolescents (10-18 years) on adolescent mental health outcomes, positive development and the parent-adolescent relationship.

Critical creatures: children as pioneers of posthuman pedagogies

PurposeThis paper addresses two main questions: What is taught about animal ethics in primary school and how. Are these messages challenged by the students and, in that case, how and why? This is discussed in the light of Critical Animal Pedagogies.Design/methodology/approachThe findings drawn upon in this paper are from a critical human-animal ethnographic study carried out in three Swedish primary schools between 2012 and 2017 using a case study approach of interviews, observation and intervention.FindingsThis paper suggests that children's subtle ways of resisting and negotiating their own space in the face of adultism, which is the power adults exercise over children, are an ongoing struggle which can both destabilize anthropocentrism and open up space for new pedagogical practice.Originality/valueThis paper explores the implications of and possibilities for teaching and learning given the positions of human children and non-human animals intersect, foremost exploring the agency of children in the school environment.

DISCIPLINAR E CONSTRANGER: O CORPO-CRIANÇA E SEU (NÃO)LUGAR NAS INSTITUIÇÕES EDUCATIVAS

O artigo objetiva refletir sobre o corpo e a corporeidade infantil e como são vividos e constituídos nas instituições educativas. O texto é de natureza bibliográfica e as reflexões críticas empreendidas nos auxiliam a reconhecer que as práticas, espaços e relações estabelecidas atuam para disciplinar e constranger os corpos infantis com vistas a produzir o corpo-aluno. A partir da base teórica, foi possível reconhecer como, historicamente, a educação dirigida aos sujeitos infantis transforma o corpo-criança em corpo-aluno, processo instaurado desde a Educação Infantil a partir das práticas e rituais instituídos e ancorados em um conjunto de estratégias de vigilância, sanções e punições. As ponderações acerca dos modos de ser dos sujeitos infantis nas instituições educativas evidenciam que o corpo e a corporeidade passam, desde cedo, a ser objeto de investidas que acabam por anular as características infantis e atuar na constituição de alunos ajustados ao sistema escolar.

What is a Pediatric Critical Care Specialist?

If your child has an illness or injury that results in your child being in an unstable critical condition, a hospital-based Pediatric Critical Care Specialist (pediatric intensivist) can be called on to provide the special care that your child needs. Some conditions that may cause your child to be unstable and critical include the following:All children become ill or injured at one time or another. Most of these problems can be cared for by your pediatrician.Children who are critically ill require careful monitoring in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Pediatric critical care specialists coordinate the care of these children which is provided by a team of doctors, nurses, and other health care specialists. They use the special medicines or treatments that can only be offered in the PICU.Pediatric critical care specialists are medical doctors who have earned a medical degree and hadPediatric critical care specialists treat children from birth through the teen years. They choose to make caring for children who are very sick the core of their medical practice. Their advanced training and experience prepare them to give children in PICUs the unique medical care that they need.Pediatric critical care specialists generally provide the following care to children who are critically ill:Pediatric critical care specialists work in PICUs within major hospitals. These hospitals usually are childrens hospitals, university medical centers, or large community hospitals.A child who is critically ill or injured often needs to be sent immediately to the proper hospital. Your pediatrician will know the hospitals that have pediatric critical care specialists.Children are not just small adults. They cannot always say what is bothering them. Sometimes they cannot answer medical questions. They are not always able to be patient and cooperative.Pediatric critical care specialists know how to examine and treat children in ways that put them at ease. In addition, pediatric critical care specialists use medical equipment that is designed just for children. Most PICUs are arranged and decorated for children.If your pediatrician suggests that your child receive care from a pediatric critical care specialist, you can be assured that your child will receive the best possible medical care.A pediatric critical care specialist offers a wide range of treatment options, along with great skill in dealing with children who are critically ill or injured.Ask your pediatrician if your child's specialist is certified or eligible to be certified in pediatric critical care medicine by the American Board of Pediatrics.

Normalizing Extraordinary Children: The Photobooks of Jill Krementz

This essay analyzes Jill Krementz's popular photobooks for children. Constructed in collaboration with her child subjects, Krementz's photobooks are of interest for apparently modeling what Marah Gubar calls a "kinship model" of childhood that stresses children's similarities to adults. But, despite children's role in production, the photobooks ultimately reframe children within conventional discourses. Even as the books try to humanize children marginalized by race or disability and afford certain children adult-like capabilities, their progressive goals are undercut by a drive to investigate and account for children in ways that render them as innocent and "other" objects of curiosity.

Exploring of Related Theories and Research of Adolescent Parent-Child Relationship

The parent-child relationship is the most important relationship in a person's life. It not only has an important impact on the physical and mental development of children, but also has an immeasurable effect on the formation of children's personality characteristics, behavior and ways of doing things and various social relations. A good parent-child relationship processing mode plays a vital role in the healthy growth of children's body and mind and the harmony of the family. The theories and related researches on parent-child relationship have a long history in China and other countries. In this paper, the significance of parent-child relationship, related theories and related research in China and other countries were analyzed by inquiring relevant domestic and foreign literature. It is found that there are abundant theories about parent-child relationship in China and other countries but in terms of intervention and improvement, both the subjects and contents of the studies are relatively single. How to improve the parent-child relationship by means of intervention is still a prominent and important issue facing psychological workers.

Проблеми міжнародно-правового регулювання захисту трудових прав дітей та підлітків

The article is devoted to the analysis of international legal acts regulating labor relations of children and adolescents, as well as the problems of their international legal protection. It has been proven that child labor is considered work that is harmful and dangerous for the child and is prohibited by international and national law. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of the main categories of child labor: the performance of work by a child who has reached the minimum age in accordance with national legislation and the worst forms of child labor. It has been shown that, in accordance with the provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the basis of freedom, justice and universal peace is the recognition of the equal dignity of all members of the human family and of their equal and inalienable rights. Human rights are one of the basic and most precious human values that must be upheld and respected. The future of each person and humanity in general, potentially depends on the younger generation, so ensuring the rights of children and their legal protection, of course, is the main task of today, in which the whole world community should be interested. Proof of this is not only the recognition by the international community that the child, due to his physical and mental immaturity, needs special protection and care, appropriate legal protection, both before and after birth, but also the recognition of children as independent subjects. It is emphasized that the main reason for the use of child labor is not economic efficiency, but the fact that children are easier to manage. Children are not fully aware and are not ready to defend their rights, complain less and adapt more easily to the environment. Also, in case of certain problems, it is easier to sacrifice children. For most employers, children are a reserve of labor that can be hired and fired at will. And if the work of children is illegal, then neither parents nor the children themselves will complain about the fear of losing a job that brings, albeit insignificant, but earnings. It is concluded that despite the fact that the problem of child labor has been eradicated over the centuries, society's attitude to the problem of child labor and its negative consequences, wide awareness of children's rights and ways to protect them, significant reduction of poverty and unemployment, introduction of child labor monitoring and strict state control over compliance with the requirements of child labor legislation should help reduce the scale of child labor and ensure the right of every child to a full childhood. The causes of child labor, their consequences are determined, the priority directions of child labor eradication are indicated.

Medical Child Abuse: When Parents Harm Their Children

This brief review of medical child abuse and treatment approaches is meant to highlight a problem which gains in frequency lately. That of a parent, usually, who is expected to love and care for the child actually harming that child in ways that may result in many medical examinations, painful invasive procedures, and even unnecessary surgeries.