Adolescent Children Research Articles

Determinants of preventive sexual behaviours among first year university students in Beira city, central Mozambique: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundUnderstanding determinants of preventive sexual behaviours is important for intervention efforts to support these behaviours and, thereby, reduce STIs and HIV burden. In general, there is limited insight into determinants of preventive behaviours among university students in Mozambique. Therefore, this study set out to assess both the prevalence and the determinants of condom use and voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) service use in first year university students.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in May–September 2021, at the Universidade Católica de Moçambique and the Universidade Licungo, in Beira central Mozambique. We collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, heterosexual relationship experiences and personal determinants posited to be associated with condom use and VCT service use. We included 819 participants, who were selected using a clustered and random sampling design. We used Pearson's chi-square test to compare proportion and estimate the crude odd ratio as the effect size measure at 95% confidence interval, and Confidence Interval-Based Estimation of Relevance to determine correlation coefficients of means and the behaviours of interest at 95% confidence interval.ResultsCondoms were used by 96.1% of male participants and 95.0% of female participants. Additionally, 55.1% of male participants and 57.5% of female participants had previously used VCT services. Condom use was associated with discussing sexuality with mother, and self-efficacy for condom use negotiation, and negatively associated with attitudes that condoms reduce pleasure. VCT service use was associated with discussing sexuality with mother, sexual debut, having a sexual partner, and being in what they consider an important heterosexual relationship. Knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and subjective norms were weakly associated with VCT service use.ConclusionIn first year university students in Mozambique, reported condom use was high but VCT services were only used by about half of the participants. Interventions aiming to increase VCT service use should focus on improving communication between parents and their adolescent or young adult children, providing personalized risk information, demonstrating that VCT service use is pleasant and non-judgmental, improving users’ confidence to schedule a visit, and preparing users for possible positive testing results.

Information needs of ethnically diverse, vaccine-hesitant parents during decision-making about the HPV vaccine for their adolescent child: a qualitative study

BackgroundThe English schools-based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme has the potential to eliminate HPV-related cancers if high uptake is achieved. However, unmet information needs among some parents may contribute to persisting lower uptake among minority ethnic groups. Through this study we aimed to understand the information needs of vaccine-hesitant, ethnically diverse parents during decision-making about the HPV vaccine for their adolescent child, to inform the future development of tailored communication materials.MethodsRecruitment was facilitated thorough healthcare and community organisations within London and the South West of England. Semi-structured interviews took place between April and August 2023. Thematic analysis was undertaken, assisted by NVivo software.ResultsOf the 29 parents interviewed, the majority were mothers (79%), belonged to a minority ethnic group (88%), and had an adolescent child unvaccinated against HPV (72%). Five of the interviews were undertaken in the participants’ primary language with translation support. Most parents interviewed had limited knowledge about the HPV vaccine and appeared conflicted as to whether vaccines could offer benefits to health. Misunderstanding around the potential of developing serious side-effects (e.g. fertility issues, developing cancer) were factors that could negatively impact decision-making by parents. Stigma associated with the sexual transmissibility of HPV did not always negatively impact decision-making. However, some parents chose not to vaccinate on the basis of perceptions of low risk and a preference to provide education about sexual behaviours to their adolescent child.ConclusionsTailoring communication materials to address misunderstandings could support informed decision-making by vaccine hesitant parents for their adolescent children to be vaccinated against HPV. Future communication materials about the HPV vaccine should highlight the benefits of protection against cancer to increase parents’ motivation for protect their adolescent child; provide accurate convincing information in relation to the excellent safety profile; and emphasise the importance of providing HPV vaccine at the recommended age, all alongside communicating the universality and commonality of HPV infection.Trial registrationN/A.

Early Family Experiences, Drug Use, and Psychosocial Adjustment across the Life Span: Is Parental Strictness Always a Protective Factor?

Objective: This study analyzes whether parental strictness, which is shared by authoritative parenting (strictness and warmth) and authoritarian parenting (strictness without warmth) styles, always acts as a main protective factor against drug use and psychosocial maladjustment in children. This conclusion has already been stated in numerous classic studies, though emergent research suggests that there are benefits to parental warmth regardless of whether strictness is present or not. Method: Sample were 2,095 Spanish participants (1,227 females, 58.6%), 581 adolescent children (aged 12-18 years, 27.7%) and 1,514 adult children (72.3%). The measures were the main parenting style dimensions (warmth and strictness), drug use, and a set of indicators of psychosocial adjustment. A 4 × 2 × 4 MANOVA was applied for all outcomes with parenting style, sex, and age as independent variables. Results: Indulgent parenting (warmth without strictness) was related to less drug use than parenting without warmth (authoritarian and neglectful). Additionally, indulgent and authoritative parenting styles were related to better scores on psychosocial adjustment than authoritarian and neglectful styles, although the indulgent parenting was the only style related to the optimal scores being equal or even more effective than the authoritative style. Conclusion: Contrary to classical studies, present findings suggest that it is the parental warmth instead of the parental strictness that seems to be effective in protecting against drug use and psychosocial maladjustment.

Exploring the Risk Factors Associated with Video Game Addiction among Adolescent School Children in Chennai District, Tamil Nadu, India: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Video game addiction has emerged as a significant concern among adolescent children in recent years. With the widespread availability of technology and the increasing popularity of video games, a substantial number of adolescents are displaying addictive behaviours. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of video game addiction among adolescent school children in Chennai, Tamilnadu, India and find out the various risk factors associated with it. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Community Medicine, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chengalpattu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India among 300 school children aged 10-17 years from four private schools in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India from February 2023 to June 2023. Data collection involved the Gaming Addiction Scale for Adolescents (GASA) and a pretested semistructured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Results: The study revealed that approximately 31.7% of the participants had video game addiction. Categorical variables were analysed using the Chi-square test, with a significance level of p <0.05. Bivariate logistic regression was utilised to determine unadjusted odds ratios, and variables with p <0.05 were included in the multivariate model to calculate adjusted odds ratios and construct 95% confidence intervals. Conclusion: Video game addiction among adolescent school children is a significant issue with multiple associated risk factors. By promoting awareness, encouraging healthy coping mechanisms, and fostering balanced lifestyles, we can effectively address video game addiction and enhance the wellbeing of adolescent school children.

Exploring the Link between Parenting Styles and Academic Performance among Grade 12 Learners in Lusaka, Zambia

This study aimed to investigate the connection between parenting style and academic performance of high school students in Munali Constituency, Lusaka District, Zambia. The study utilized a cross-sectional design, with a sample of 30 Grade eleven pupils selected from 3 secondary schools in Munali Constituency. The participants were high school students aged between 13 and 21 years old, chosen through a simple random sampling technique. The Parental Authority Questionnaire was employed to assess the parenting style utilized by the parents. The results of the study revealed a positive and significant correlation between authoritative parenting style and academic achievement, as well as a negative correlation between neglectful parenting style and academic achievement. Furthermore, a relationship between authoritarian parenting style and academic achievement was established. These findings suggest that adopting a positive parenting style can enhance the academic achievement of adolescents in Munali District. Therefore, it is recommended that parents be provided with appropriate knowledge and skills to cater to the needs and development of their adolescent children.

A Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Individualistic, Unique Hard- and Soft-tissue Parameters of the Face on Buccal Corridors in Adolescents and Adults with Angle’s Class I and Angle’s Class II Division 1 Malocclusion

Background and Objectives: This study was designed to determine the relationship between the parameters: buccal corridor, buccal corridor linear ratio (BCLR), upper intercanine width, intermolar width, and premolar basal arch width on a posed smile in adolescents and adults. The buccal corridor affects smile esthetics; hence, it is important to see its correlation with intercanine width. In addition, the study aimed to determine if the buccal corridor changes adversely in Class I and Class II Division 1 malocclusion patients and during growth. Materials and Methods: Posed smile and standard full-front face photographs of 150 patients were taken. Group A consisted of 50 adolescent patients between the ages of 11 and 14 years, divided equally based on malocclusion type. Group B consisted of 100 young adults between the ages of 18 and 25 years, divided equally into Class I and Class II Division 1 malocclusion. The parameters calibrated in the photographs were: upper intercanine distance, intercanthal distance, intercommisure width, difference between intercanthal and intercommisure width, distance between the last visible teeth in the maxilla, and BCLR. Results: The results of this study were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Chi-square tests. The analysis showed a significant correlation between BCLR, intercanine width, distance from the last visible teeth, intercanthal distance, and intercommisure width, and their difference varied significantly among males and females, with P < 0.05. Conclusion: This study concluded that the buccal corridor and intercanine width vary with age and gender. The buccal corridor is usually wider in young adults than in adolescent children.

Mobile health management among end stage renal disease patients: a scoping review.

The health management of end-stage renal disease patients is a complicated process, and mobile health management technology provides a new choice for the health management of end-stage renal disease patients. The scope of clinical studies on mobile health management for patients with end-stage renal disease was reviewed, and found that about mobile health management problems existing in the literature were identified to provide ideas for subsequent mobile health management research. The databases Web of Science, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, Wan Fang Data, BMJ, and VIP were systematically searched for studies on Mobile health management among end-stage renal disease in adult and adolescent patients or children undergoing kidney replacement therapy. The search covered the period from the inception of the databases to June 20, 2023. Two independent reviewers conducted the literature screening process. Following eligibility screening, a total of 38 papers were included for data extraction and descriptive analysis. A total of 38 studies from 14 countries were finally included. The majority of which were interventional trials. The platforms used in these studies included remote monitoring systems, apps, websites, mobile phones or tablets, and social platforms. These platforms provided patients with a wide range of services, including disease management, behavioral intervention, social support, and follow-up care. Most studies focused on patient clinical indicators, patient experience, quality of life, and healthcare costs. Our findings that mobile health management has been widely used in disease management of end-stage renal disease patients, with rich management content and many evaluation indicators. Future studies should strengthen the evaluation of patients' mental health, quality of life, and healthcare costs. Additionally, developing a clinical decision support system would enable mobile health management to play a more effective role in end-stage renal disease patients.

Evaluation of disease distribution profiles of adolescent children referring to the pediatric emergency department

Evaluation of disease distribution profiles of adolescent children referring to the pediatric emergency department

Psychometric properties of the Child and Adolescent PsychProfiler v5: a measure for screening 14 of the most common DSM-5 disorders.

The Child and Adolescent PsychProfiler version 5 (CAPP v5, 2014) is a measure for screening 14 common DSM-5 disorders in children and adolescents. The separation of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) by subtype results in 17 screening scales covering the 14 disorders. Theoretically then, the CAPP v5 should have a 17-factor structure, however, to date no published study has confirmed this. Additionally, there has been no comprehensive evaluation of the reliability and validity of the screening scales in this measure. These were examined across two different studies. Study 1 examined support for the 17-factor model of the parent-report version of the CAPP (CAPP-PRF) in a large group of adolescents from the general community. It also examined the internal consistency reliability and discriminant validity of the factors in this measure. Study 2 examined the validity of these factors in a clinic-referred group of adolescents. In Study 1, 951 parents completed the CAPP-PRF on behalf of their adolescents [mean (standard deviation) = 14.54 years (1.66 years)]. In Study 2, 173 parents completed the CAPP-PRF on behalf of their clinic-referred adolescent children [mean (standard deviation) = 14.5 years (1.84 years)]. Adolescents also completed a number of measures and tests for the purpose of assessing their behavior, IQ, and academic abilities. The results in Study 1 supported a 17-factor model, and virtually all of the factors in this model showed acceptable reliability (alpha and omega coefficients), and discriminant validity. Study 2 demonstrated good support for the validity of the scales in the CAPP-PRF. These findings indicate acceptable psychometric properties for the CAPP-PRF, and its utility for screening the more common DSM-5 disorders in children and adolescents.

청소년이 지각한 부모의 심리적 통제 유형과 우울 증상 간의 관련성

This study aims to investigate the different profiles of parental psychological control, specifically focusing on separation-anxious psychological control and achieve-ment-oriented psychological control, and their associations with depressive symptoms in adolescent children. Participants were 367 middle and high school students in Seoul and Gyeonggi area. The levels of parental psychological control and depressive symptoms were measured using self-report questionnaires. The data were analyzed using t-test, Pearson’s correlations, latent profile analysis, and one-way ANOVA. The findings from the latent profile analysis indicated the existence of four distinct subtypes of psychological control as perceived by adolescent children: high maternal separation-anxiety control (HMSC, 7.1%), no parental psychological control (NPPC, 67.6%), low parental psycho-logical control (LPPC, 17.2%), and high parental psychological control (HPPC, 8.2%). Adolescent children in the NPPC profile exhibited significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms when compared to those in the other profiles. These results suggest that psy-chological control even from a parent may aggravate depressive symptoms of adolescents.

Expectation of Undergraduates on Teachers in Professional Colleges - A Survey

Andragogy- adult learning is a part of higher education, in which an intentional or professionally guided activity-based learning takes place to understand the concepts of a subject among the adolescent children. Teaching is a process which facilitates learning by encouraging students well versed in the subject. Learning style for learner’s most efficiently. In a student-centered learning environment, the main focus is on knowledge sharing and when learning is used properly, it can become a lifelong learning process. In this way, the student looks for a solution to solve the problem without complete dependence on a teacher. This study aimed to know the preference of the students on teachers’ attitudes with a survey. Materials and method: To investigate students’ preferences on teachers in a dental college, among the population of 100 dental students, we conducted a questionnaire survey using a set of questions regarding teachers' attitude, characteristics, friendliness and patience in and out of the classroom. Results and conclusion: The survey was conducted among dental students and the results stated that students are more likely to appreciate teachers who are not biased , those who don't monk at students and are very patient in cooperating with the students on the other hand students disapprove those teachers who don't use interactive learning sessions and those who don't motivate students on extra activities. The results conclude that students prefer teachers who are more likely to be more friendly with the students and well going rapo and who are always motivating an individual in not only academics but also in other fields so as to make him/ her a better citizen of tomorrow.

사춘기 자녀에 관한 부모의 이야기: 토픽 모델링을 활용한 네이버 카페 게시물 분석

The purpose of this study is to examine the content of Naver Cafe posts related to parenting puberty children. We aim to uncover narratives regarding adolescent child-rearing that may not have been elucidated through surveys or interviews. The analy-sis focused on 160,074 posts related to adolescent written on Naver Cafe from April 1, 2018, to March 31, 2023. Frequency analysis, word clouds, and topic modeling were used. The analysis yielded the following results. First, frequently appearing words in posts about adolescent children included words related to family members, words related to the ado-lescent stage, and other words such as speech, thoughts, and studies. Second, posts about puberty encompassed 17 different topics, which could be broadly categorized into five main topics. These five main topics were preparing for a child's adolescent year, un-derstanding biological changes, concerns related to academics, challenges and crises, and parental growth and resilience. Third, parent-child relationships and growth topics showed a decreasing trend. The results of this study suggest the need for not only sharing information and emotional support, but also efforts to promote the sharing of growth experiences.

Formation Of Values as Psychological Immunity in Adolescent Children in The Conditions of Information Threat

In the article, in the formation of psychological immunity in adolescent children in the conditions of information threats, based on the requirements of the present time, the uniqueness of the formation of values in adolescent children and the conducted researches are analyzed and the priority values are defined.

THE ROLE OF PARENTS AND ADOLESCENT COMMUNICATION WITH ADOLESCENT SEXUAL BEHAVIOR

ABSTRACT Background: As many as 8% of men and 2% of women in Indonesia aged 15-24 years who are never married have had sexual relations. The average age at which they first had sexual intercourse was around 17 years. Apart from that, the first marriage was carried out at the age of <15 years (2.6%) as well as the age of the first marriage at the age of 15-19 years (23.9%). Pregnancy rates in adolescents aged < 15 years (0.02%) and pregnancies aged 15-19 years (1.97%). The purposed of this research is to determine the relationship between the communication roles of parents and adolescents with adolescent sexual behavior. Method: This research uses a quantitative design, the research design uses a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique uses simple random sampling, a sample of 60 respondents. Data was taken using a questionnaire and analyzed using Chi-square. The results of this research show a relationship between parent-adolescent communication and adolescent sexual behavior. The statistical test results obtained a p value: 0.000 and obtained OR= 4.667. Conclusion: It is hoped that parents will increase their knowledge and literacy about reproductive health, improve the quality of communication with their adolescent children so that can influence attitudes about risky sexual behavior Keywords: Communication, Parents, Sexual Behavior, Adolescents

Time Balance and Family Functioning: The Role of Time Perspective in the Cohesion and Adaptability of Families with Adolescents.

Family functioning, understood as cohesion and adaptability, is critical in families with adolescent children, given the changes that this stage implies at the family level. Time perspective is one variable that can facilitate better family functioning through the way people give meaning to the process they live. In this study, we examined the relationship between family functioning and the time perspective of adolescent children's parents. The FACES IV and ZTPI were administered to 276 parents of adolescents. Regression analyses indicated that the past positive, past negative, and future scores predicted family cohesion and adaptability, explaining at least 20% of the variance. Balanced families, with greater cohesion and adaptability, presented a higher level of past positive and future-oriented temporal perspectives, compared to unbalanced families, which presented a greater orientation to the past negative and deviated from the balanced temporal profile. The importance of considering the inter-relationship between family functioning and time perspective was discussed, considering its impact on the health and well-being of families with adolescents.

An Evaluation of How Parenting Practices Affect One's Self-Esteem

Research has shown that parenting styles significantly impact children's and adolescents' development, as the family is the primary socializing agency. Self-esteem, a selfassessment of one's self-worth, has been extensively researched and linked to the mental, psychological, and emotional development of children. There is no universally best parenting style, as culture and individual characteristics differ. In Western cultures, selfesteem is consistently negatively correlated with parenting styles characterized by low acceptance and high protectiveness. Variations exist in which parenting styles lead to the highest levels of self-esteem. This paper reviews the impact of parenting style on selfesteem. Keywords: Impact, Children, Parenting Style, Self Esteems

Migren tanılı ebeveynler ve çocuklarında ağrıyla başa çıkma stratejileri arasındaki ilişki: Ergenlik dönemi odaklı bir inceleme

Purpose: This study aims to scrutinize how the relationships between parents' and adolescents' coping strategies with migraine through correlational analysis of quantitative data as well as supporting qualitative information.
 Materials and Methods: This research included 70 parents and their adolescent children diagnosed with migraine after neurological evaluation. Besides the sociodemographic data, the commonly used pain coping methods by participants were examined with the Headache Questionnaire. The groups' pain coping strategies were measured with the sub-dimensions of the Pain Coping Questionnaire.
 Results: Positive and significant relationships were found between parents and adolescents in terms of the use of functional behavioral (r=.29, p=.015) and cognitive coping strategies (r=.29, p=.015). Both groups were similar in their frequency rates of preferring ineffective attack treatment and inappropriate analgesic usage. The significant correlations found between the scores of groups’ for coping with pain by seeking ineffective medical remedies supported our qualitative results (r=.35, p=.003). Conclusion: The possible roles of parents' knowledge and practices regarding pain management on their children with similar headache complaints may be variable in itself, depending on some developmental and individual issues with the onset of adolescence period.

Evaluation of Early Marriage Prevention in Adolescent Children: A Descriptive Qualitative Study of the Implementation of Maturing Marital Age in Kotabaru, Indonesia

Introduction: Early marriage of girls increases the risk of death and morbidity in mothers and babies, including stunting. Several policies and programs to mature or increase the age of marriage have been implemented to eliminate this practice, but early marriages are still found. Purpose: This research examines in depth the evaluation of the implementation of the program for maturation and increasing the age of marriage for adolescent children. So, it can be identified the factors that cause teenage marriage to still be high. Method: A qualitative descriptive method was used as a research design and recruited six participants to study the maturation program and increasing the age of marriage as the main participants and triangulation participants. Participants triangulate the validity and reliability of information. Data or information collection uses interviews which are reported in the form of narrative descriptions and analyzed using an interactive analysis model for coding. Results: We found 3 research results on the reasons why there are still early marriages among adolescent children: (1) various limitations in the transformation of maturation programs and increasing the age of marriage; (1) the implementation of the program to increase the marriage age according to students has not met expectations; and (3) adolescent children who marry early are still found after graduating from school. Conclusion: The experience of adolescent children who took part in the maturation program and increasing the age of marriage felt that it did not meet expectations. Adolescent children still marry early after graduating from high school. This study indicates the need for adolescent children to receive early marriage education and its impact needs to be evaluated and improved from the input, process, and output aspects of implementing the maturation program and increasing the age of marriage so that it is attractive and meets the expectations of adolescent children.

Efficiency of the treatment of epilepsy in adolescent children according to indicators of evoked potentials

The aim: to identify the peculiarities of the indicators of evoked potentials in epileptic children against the background of anticonvulsant treatment. Methods: auditory long-latency, visual flash-evoked potentials. Epileptic children were divided into two groups. The first group received monotherapy, the second group received polytherapy. Results: The study of average values of latencies showed that children with polytherapy had a more pronounced lengthening of latencies compared to those of the first group. According to the latencies analysis in the group of monotherapeutic children there were no ties between various anticonvulsant drugs and results of examination. There was a tendency towards normalization of latencies, mainly for visual evoked potentials in the group of children with a positive response to treatment. Conclusion: It is advisable to use the method of evoked potentials to assess the functional state of sensory systems in children with epilepsy, in order to predict the course of the disease and assess the effectiveness of treatment.

Analysis of Parenting Practices on the Formation of Positive Character in Adolescent Children

Teenagers have a crucial role as the next generation and valuable assets for the progress of a nation. The aim of this research is to analyze parents' parenting practices towards the formation of positive character in adolescents. The approach taken in this research is a qualitative and quantitative approach (mix method)that isexplanatory mixed-methoddesign. The population in this study were class IX junior high school students at Alam Bintaro School. The research results show that there is a link between parental parenting practices and the positive character of adolescents. Almost all teenagers have positive character achievements in the high category with positive parenting practices in the medium category. This means that if parents improve their parenting practices to a high category, the adolescent's character has the opportunity to achieve even higher grades. Adolescent characters with the lowest scores also have parenting practices carried out by their parents with the lowest scores.