Adolescent Children Research Articles

Autism and bilingual socialisation: parents’ perspectives and youth language practices in three bilingual (Japanese–English) families

ABSTRACT This study of three bilingual families with autistic children in the U.S. examines parents’ perspectives on bilingual socialisation and analyzes language practices in everyday family interactions. When their children were diagnosed with autism in early childhood, parents in all three families were advised by professionals to speak exclusively in English at home. One set of parents attempted to adhere to the clinician recommendation, while the other two families disregarded this advice. Data collection for this study included questionnaires, open-ended interviews, and 30–32 h of naturally occurring interactions per family. The study employs discourse analysis to explore parents’ stances toward the monolingual recommendation, their discussions about past decisions, and their assessments of their present-day, adolescent children’s language practices. The micro-analytic study of the organisation of family interactions provides a supplemental perspective and highlights the agency of the autistic youth in navigating bilingual conversations. The findings reveal the tensions between institutional and family language policies and detail how youth draw from their respective linguistic repertoires in everyday interactions.

A hybrid digital parenting programme to prevent abuse of adolescents in Tanzania: study protocol for a pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial

BackgroundEvidence-based parenting programmes have strong evidence in preventing and mitigating violence, but in-person programmes are challenging to deliver at scale. ParentApp is an open-source, offline-first app-based adaptation of the Parenting for Lifelong Health for Parents and Teens programme to promote playful and positive parenting, reduce risks for sexual violence victimisation, and prevent violence against adolescents. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of ParentApp compared to an attention-control group.MethodsThis study is a two-arm pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial to test whether ParentApp reduces adolescent physical abuse, emotional abuse, and sexual violence risks and victimisation at 1 month and 12 months post-intervention. Caregivers of adolescents aged 10–17 years and their adolescent children (N = 2400 caregiver-adolescent dyads) will be recruited in urban and peri-urban communities in the Mwanza region of Tanzania. A total of 80 study clusters will be stratified and randomised (1:1) to the intervention group, who will receive ParentApp with support through a WhatsApp group, or to an attention-control group, who will receive a water, sanitation, and hygiene app. Quantitative data will be collected through outcomes questionnaires with caregivers and adolescents, administered at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, and 16 months post-baseline, as well as through routine implementation data and ParentApp engagement data. Qualitative data will be collected through individual interviews and focus groups with caregivers, adolescents, and implementing partner staff.DiscussionApp-based interventions have the potential to expand access to evidence-based parenting support, but currently lack rigorous evidence in low- and middle-income countries. This is the first known randomised control trial of a hybrid digital parenting programme to prevent the abuse of adolescents in low- and middle-income settings.Trial registrationThe trial was registered on the Open Science Framework on 14 March 2023, registration: OSF.IO/T9FXZ.

Schools as critical settings for mental and behavioral health efforts in the United States: Key initiatives for substantive impact

In this article we propose that nation-wide investment in mental and behavioral health (MBH) prevention efforts in public schools has the potential for powerful impact on developmental MBH in the United States (U.S.). We first provide an overview of the structure of public school systems in the U.S. Next, we apply the multi-tiered support system (MTSS) public health model to propose three key initiatives for optimal promotion of youth MBH through public schools in the U.S.: (a) universal access to high quality pre-kindergarten, (b) universal evidence-based social and emotional learning across all grades, and (c) universal MBH screening accompanied by tiered targeted and intensive support services. Within each proposed initiative, we summarize the evidence base and consider barriers and facilitators to implementation. We conclude that public schools in the U.S. represent an optimal place to promote children's and adolescents’ MBH in ways that prevent long-term mental and behavioral health problems.

Acculturation and Mental Health: A Scoping Review.

Background: Acculturative stress theory and the healthy immigrant paradox provide conflicting frameworks from which to study the mental health of immigrant groups. This scoping review aims to provide clarity on the mental health effects of acculturation. Review Question: How are anxiety, depression, and stress expressed in the adolescent and adult children of immigrants? Method: Considering various generational classifications, 1333 articles were screened and 25 articles were selected. This review highlights the presentation of cultural stress and its mental health effects in the children of immigrants ranging from 13 to 28 years of age. Conclusions: Social support is necessary as these children and young adults work to reconcile different worldviews. There is a need for a multifaceted approach to health care that incorporates the development of culturally appropriate responses to stressors. Collaboration among health practitioners growing in cultural competency can assist this population not only in the development of coping strategies, but also in self-actualization. The conflicting results found in this review suggest a need for more work in the area of acculturation stress, to grow the understanding of health practitioners within various cultural groups in order to transform mental health clinical practice.

Efficacy and safety of DAA in children and adolescents with chronic HCV infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of pan-genotypic regimens, glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB), sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL), and sofosbuvir/daclatasvir (SOF/DCV) and other direct-acting antivirals (DAA) regimens for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected adolescents (12-18 years), older children (6-11 years), and young children (3-5 years). The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to inform the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. We included clinical trials and observational studies published up to August 11, 2021, that evaluated DAA regimens in HCV-infected adolescents, older children, and young children. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases and key conference abstracts. Sustained virological response 12 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12), adverse events (AEs), and treatment discontinuation were the outcomes evaluated. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified version of the ROBINS-I tool. Data were pooled using random-effects models, and certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. A total of 49 studies including 1882 adolescents, 436 older children, and 166 young children were considered. The SVR12 was 100% (95% Confidence Interval: 96-100), 96% (90-100), and 96% (83-100) for GLE/PIB in adolescents, older, and young children, respectively; 95% (90-99), 93% (86-98), and 83% (70-93), for SOF/VEL, respectively; and 100% (97-100) and 100% (94-100) for SOF/DCV in adolescent and older children, respectively. There was a clear trend towards a higher rate of any reported AE from adolescents (50%), older children (53%), to young children (72%). Serious AEs and treatment discontinuations were uncommon in adolescents and older children (<1%) but slightly higher in young children (3%). All three pan-genotypic DAA regimens were highly effective and well-tolerated and are now recommended by the WHO for use in adults, adolescents, and children down to 3 years, which will simplify procurement and supply chain management. The evidence was based largely on single-arm non-randomized controlled studies. Moreover, there were also missing data regarding key variables such as route of HCV acquisition, presence or absence of cirrhosis, or HIV co-infection that precluded evaluation of the impact of these factors on outcomes. CRD42020146752.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HOLISTIC CARE-BASED HEALTH EDUCATION PREVENTS EARLY TEENAGE MARRIAGE AT ISLAMIC SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 4 BAOURNE BOJONEGORO

Background: Teenage are in the age range between 10-19 years. Meanwhile, teenage is a period of transitional development from childhood to adulthood so that it will influence holistic changes both biologically, psychologically, socially and spiritually. Early marriages (&lt;19 tahun) should not be carried out considering the many risks that may occur to the mother and baby. Therefore, it is important to know the influence of holistic care-based health education on efforts to prevent early teenage marriage. Method: The design of this research is quasi-experimental with a pre-posttest control group design. The population in the study was all MAN 4 Baureno school student totaling 313 respondents. The sample was 37 respondents using a non-probability method using purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using a questionnaire and the Wilcoxon Sign Ranks Test was carried out with a significance level of 0.05.Result: The results of the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test showed a value of p = 0.000 (p&lt;0.05) meaning that there was a significant difference in the level of knowledge and after holistic care education was carried out. Conclusion : Holistic care-based education can increase knowledge. Holistic care-based education seen from a biological, psychological, social and spiritual perspective is very suitable for health education, health services and health development that is suitable for adolescent children.

Family Metacognitive Training (MCT-F): Adapting MCT to Mothers with Psychosis and Their Adolescent Children.

Over half of women with psychosis are mothers. Research suggests that mothers with psychosis face unique challenges affecting both their mental health prognosis and their relationship with their children. Moreover, those children have a higher risk of developing a mental disorder. Notwithstanding, interventions specifically tailored to these families remain largely uncovered. Metacognitive Training (MCT) has demonstrated its efficacy in improving cognitive insight, symptom management, and social cognition in people with psychosis. However, there is no evidence of the efficacy of MCT in a family setting (MCT-F). This study describes the first adaptation of MCT for mothers with psychosis and their adolescent children in an online group setting. The phases (assessment, decision, adaptation, production, topical experts' integration) of the ADAPT-ITT model were systematically applied through a participatory approach (n = 22), including a first-person perspective and involving qualitative (e.g., topical expert literature review and consensus groups, interviews, thematic analyses) and quantitative methods. While MCT's core components were retained, participants guided adaptations both in content and delivery. The findings suggest the importance of community engagement and sharing decision-making processes to demonstrate the acceptability and feasibility of the adapted intervention. Employing a structured approach such as the ADAPT-ITT model ensures readiness of the new training for efficacy trials.

Relationship between perception of resource inequality and children's and adolescents' resource allocation decision: a protocol for systematic review and narrative synthesis

Social inequalities are worsened by the decision about how resources are to be allocated. Considering that children and adolescents are likely to become future leaders and decision-makers, understanding which principles they follow regarding resource allocation in situations of inequality is crucial. This paper aims at presenting a protocol for systematic review of the relationship between perception of resource inequality and allocation decisions made by children and adolescents. Method: A systematic search will be conducted in the PsycINFO, PsycArticles, Web of Science (Core Collections), Scopus, ERIC and LILACS databases. The paper will also include empirical studies from the authors’ personal files, studies obtained through contact with the main authors of the articles included, and through backward and forward snowballing. The studies’ quality will be assessed using the Quality Assessment with Diverse Studies (QuADS). Finally, a narrative synthesis will be conducted to review and synthesize data. This protocol was outlined following the PRISMA-P guidelines. The protocol is registered at the Open Science Framework (OSF) under the code DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/D96MY. The systematic review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, and will be reported according to the PRISMA 2020 reporting guidelines. Discussion: The results of this review will be relevant to policy makers, decision-makers, educators, and researchers.

Role of nurses in sexual orientation in adolescence

Adolescence is marked by large organic, cognitive, affective and sociocultural transformations exposing adolescents to many risks. The school has a fundamental role in the formation of the student, including information regarding sex education and sexual orientation. This study aimed to highlight the importance of nurses' performance on sexual orientation in the school context. It is important to know how parents experience the sexual education of teenagers, with school the crucial space for the development of knowledge and skills. In relation to how guide their children about sexuality and the difficulties experienced and facilities, parents report that the influence of the received education can facilitate or hinder the process forward seeking an education for their children based on family values and find important dialogue and frank discussion with the children, although sometimes communication between parents and adolescent children is difficult. It is concluded that sex education in adolescence is a delicate process that needs to be performed continuously and as early as possible. In this process the nurse can make in health education, further helping parents confront this new reality.

Staying connected after divorce: Adolescent child and nonresidential parent perspectives

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate how nonresidential parents and adolescent children maintained their relationships and communicated with one another following parental divorce.BackgroundA substantial proportion of children whose parents have divorced live with one parent and have less contact with the other parent. It is important to understand nonresidential parent–child relationships and the role communication technology plays in relationship maintenance.MethodQualitative interviews were conducted with a total of 34 adolescent and nonresidential parent participants (10 nonresidential parent–child dyads and 14 individual participants) to understand how nonresidential parents and children maintain their relationship following parental divorce and how they use communication technology to stay connected from a distance. Thematic analysis techniques (Braun &amp; Clarke, 2006) were used to analyze the data.ResultsThree common positive factors or “benefits” relating to nonresidential parent–adolescent relationship closeness emerged: planned physical visits, frequent communication using multiple communication methods, and same sex of parent and child. Factors that served as barriers that interfered with nonresidential parent–adolescent relationship closeness were identified: residential parent interference, perceived child disengagement or lack of interest, and child blocking methods of communication.ConclusionThe results of this study provide additional insight and understanding that will help positively influence nonresidential parent–child relationships.ImplicationsPractitioners can help nonresidential parents identify communication technologies they can use with their adolescents and ways of reducing existing communication barriers.

Associations Between Weight-Loss Attempts, Weight-Related Stress, and Body Image During Childhood and Adolescence in Children With Parental Obesity.

Background: Few longitudinal studies have investigated the role of weight-loss attempts or weight-related stress on body image during childhood. We examined whether weight-loss attempts and weight-related stress are associated with weight misperception and body dissatisfaction across childhood and adolescence. Methods: Data were drawn from the Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth (QUALITY) cohort of Canadian children with parental obesity (8-10 years: n = 630; 10-12 years: n = 564; 15-17 years: n = 377). We assessed weight-loss attempts and weight-related stress at baseline and first follow-up, and perceived and desired silhouettes at first and second follow-up with questionnaires. Weight misperception consisted of the difference in BMI z-score (zBMI) from the perceived silhouette and the measured zBMI. Body dissatisfaction consisted of the discordance between perceived and desired silhouettes. We estimated multivariable mixed-effects regression models adjusting for age, sex, pubertal stage, parental BMI and education, and sport-based teasing. Results: Weight loss attempts were associated with a higher weight misperception score (ever tried, beta [95% confidence intervals; CI]: 0.13 [0.01-0.24]) and with 2.13 times higher desire to be thinner (95% CI: 1.39-3.26) at the subsequent follow-up. Similarly, children stressed by their weight had a higher misperception score (beta [95% CI]: 0.15 [0.02-0.27]) and greater desire to be thinner at the next follow-up (odds ratio [95% CI]: 1.73 [0.999-3.00]). Conclusions: Weight-loss attempts and weight-related stress in children and adolescents are associated with weight misperception and body dissatisfaction, supporting empowerment and counseling focusing on healthy eating behaviors and a positive body image. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT03356262.

Intra- and Inter-Individual Associations of Family-to-Work Conflict, Psychological Distress, and Job Satisfaction: Gender Differences in Dual-Earner Parents during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic changed the work-family interface dynamics in some families. For couples who kept earning a double income during the pandemic, their family demands may entail a loss of psychological resources that affect the work domain. This study explored the intra-individual and inter-individual (crossover) direct and indirect effects of family-to-work conflict (FtoWC) on psychological distress and job satisfaction in a non-probabilistic sample of 860 different-sex dual-earner parents with adolescent children from Temuco and Rancagua, Chile. Mothers and fathers answered an online questionnaire measuring FtoWC, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, and the Overall Job Satisfaction Scale. The data were analyzed using the actor-partner interdependence model with structural equation modeling. Results showed that a higher FtoWC is linked to greater psychological distress and lower job satisfaction in both parents. In contrast, psychological distress is directly linked to lower job satisfaction in fathers. In both fathers and mothers, they and their partners' FtoWC were indirectly linked to lower job satisfaction via the fathers' psychological distress. These findings indicate the need for gender-sensitive social and labor policies aimed at reducing the conflict between family and work to increase job satisfaction in both parents and reduce psychological distress, particularly in fathers.

Relationship between social skills and self-esteem in adolescents from Cantón Baños, Ecuador

INTRODUCTION: Adolescence is a stage of important changes at a biopsychosocial level, the study of elements of a cognitive and socio-affective nature in this period can contribute significantly to ensure a better accompaniment. OBJECTIVE: To relate social skills and self-esteem in adolescents in the canton of Baños de Agua Santa, Ecuador. METHOD: This is a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional study in which 247 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 participated. The Social Skills (CHASSO III) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale instruments were used. RESULTS: 38.87% of the adolescents maintained a high level of self-esteem, while 78.54% of them presented an average level of social skills, the dimensions with the highest means being: facing criticism (X= 12.44), apologizing (X= 12.45) and rejecting requests (X= 12.79). The presence of a low positive correlation (0.230) between the study variables through Pearson correlation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate statistically significant differences, that is, the higher the level of social skills, the higher the level of self-esteem and mutually. Likewise, in future research, include families to understand the assessment and influence that parents have on the personal development of their adolescent children.

An Evaluation of Online Gaming Addiction among Children and Adolescents

According to research, playing online too much might cause symptoms that are typical of drug abusers. Children and teenagers may be more susceptible to acquiring a gaming addiction than other age groups since games are so tempting to them. Methods: In light of these possible issues, a review of the literature was conducted in order to (i) to find empirical studies that evaluate children's and adolescents' online gaming addiction. Results: studies of empirical data retrieve on the basis of various studies show that certain teenagers experience gaming addiction, and that as the addiction worsens, those who are addicted to online gaming spend more time getting ready online gaming addicts spend increasing amounts of time preparing for, organizing, and actually gaming.

다문화 어머니의 문화적응 스트레스가 자녀의 사회적 위축에미치는 영향

Objectives The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of multicultural mothers' acculturation stress on the social withdrawal of multicultural adolescent children in the first year of middle school, and to verify the double mediation effects of multicultural mothers' parenting efficacy and parental monitoring.&#x0D; Methods The subjects of the study used the fourth data from the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study(2014), which involved 1,301 multicultural adolescents and their multicultural mothers. Data analysis was performed us-ing the SPSS 26.0 program for frequency analysis, descriptive analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis. In addi-tion, Process Macro 4.0 and Model 6 developed by Hayes (2021) were used to test the research model and the double mediation effects.&#x0D; Results First, multicultural mothers' acculturation stress had a statistically significant effect on their adolescent children's social withdrawal. Second, multicultural mothers' acculturation stress had a significant negative (-) ef-fect on parenting efficacy, and parenting efficacy had a significant positive (+) effect on parental monitoring. Third, parental monitoring had a significant negative effect on children's social withdrawal. Fourth, a significant double mediation effect of parenting efficacy and parental monitoring was confirmed in the impact of multicultural moth-ers' acculturation stress on their children's social withdrawal. In other words, the greater the acculturation stress of multicultural mothers, the lower their parenting efficacy, low parenting efficacy predicted low parental monitor-ing, and low parental monitoring in turn predicted high social withdrawal in children.&#x0D; Conclusions It was confirmed that the higher the acculturation stress of multicultural mothers, the lower their pa-renting efficacy, and thus the lower the level of parental monitoring, which has a negative impact on the social withdrawal of adolescent children. To help the development of multicultural families and promote the healthy growth of multicultural adolescents, specific action plans were presented to reduce the acculturation stress of multicultural mothers and prevent and reduce the social withdrawal of multicultural adolescent children.

How does work affect fathers' daily interaction with adolescents? An expanded self‐regulation perspective

SummaryThe management of the daily rhythm of work and childrearing, two central responsibilities of working fathers, has received limited research attention. Drawing from an expanded self‐regulation perspective, this study seeks to understand the within‐person depletion and compensation mechanisms that explain how fathers' daily work experiences spillover to influence their next‐day parenting interactions. We also posit that actual childrearing support by mothers and its unavailability may shape fathers' day‐to‐day caregiving rhythm by injecting resources and/or cuing demands for father parenting involvement. Using daily triadic data (N = 631 within‐person observations) from 96 fathers, mothers and their adolescent children in the United States, we found that the lagged relationship between fathers' negative work events and next‐day father–adolescent conflict was mediated by fathers' psychological distress. In addition, we found that negative work events were associated with increased father–adolescent routine activities the next day via time‐based work–family conflict, but only when mothers worked the next day. We further found that negative work events were associated with decreased father–adolescent interactive activities the next day via psychological distress, but only when mothers provided less routine care than normal the next day. Our study portrays fathers juggling work and parenting as a sequenced balancing act. Importantly, incorporating mothers' daily work status and routine parent–adolescent interactions enriches our understanding of fathers' daily work‐to‐parenting spillover process.

How to start a conversation about drugs and health with your teen

Here are some helpful ways to talk to your adolescent child about drugs.

Content analysis of text corpora of social internet resources: the category "children's health" in the discussions of parents of teenagers

The article presents the results of the authors content analysis of text corpora of social Internet resources of the category "health of adolescent children" based on retrospective data. In particular, the following semantic units were analyzed: nutrition, physical activity, personal hygiene, prevention of the formation of somatic diseases, prevention of the use of psychoactive substances. The results of the content analysis of the category "adolescent children's health" showed an increasing interest of parents in the symptoms and methods of obesity relief, prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, methods of regulating sports activity and the first symptoms of drug use.

Association between anxiety and elevated blood pressure in adolescent patients: a single-center cross-sectional study.

Although anxiety is known to be associated with elevated blood pressure and hypertension in adults, this has not been studied in children. The aim of this study was to determine the association between anxiety and elevated blood pressures in adolescents. Adolescents, aged 12-18 years old, referred to the nephrology clinic were eligible to participate. Elevated blood pressure was defined as either SBP or DBP measurement above the 95th percentile for age, height, and sex. Participants were evaluated for anxiety using the validated Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders questionnaire filled independently by the child (SCARED-C) and parent (SCARED-P) evaluating the child. Two hundred adolescents participated in this study. Thirty-one (53%) of SCARED-P-positive participants were found to have elevated blood pressure compared with 27 (19%) of SCARED-P negative, P 0.03. Twenty-five (43%) of SCARED-P positive had elevated DBP compared with 31 (28%) of SCARED-P negative ( P 0.003). In SCARED-P positive, mean DBP (78.4 ± 9.9) was higher compared with SCARED-P negative (74.9 ± 9.2) ( P 0.03). In a subgroup of adolescents (№ 130) not treated with blood pressure medications mean DBP was higher in both SCARED-P (79.0 ± 10.1) and SCARED-C (77.1 ± 10.4) positive groups compared with SCARED-P (73.6 ± 9.3) and SCARED-C (73 ± 8.9) negative, respectively. Our study demonstrates an association between anxiety and elevated DBP in adolescent children. Screening adolescents for anxiety should be a part of the routine evaluation of adolescent children.

Peer effects and health impacts of different body cognitive biases in children: micro evidence from China.

In China, children commonly display body cognitive biases, which constitute a significant yet hidden public health issue. These biases potentially jeopardize children's well-being, hinder the cultivation of human capital, and impede societal progress. However, limited research employs theoretical analysis and econometric testing to investigate the formation of different body cognitive biases among Chinese children and their health impacts. Based on a local average network model for theoretical analysis, this study utilizes a sample of 4,289 children from four phases of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) conducted from 2004 to 2011. Utilizing Logit and IV Probit models, systematically evaluate the peer effect, heterogeneity of effects, and health impacts of children's different body cognitive biases. (1) The peer effect contributes to the development of light- and heavy-body cognitive biases in Chinese children. (2) The heterogeneity analysis shows that the peer effect of body cognitive biases is more significant in rural and female children. (3) The influence of heavy-body cognitive bias is more pronounced in adolescent children. (4) The "eating-activity balance" is disrupted by the two body cognitive biases in children, leading to deviations from normal body type. (5) Specifically, the light-body cognitive bias leads children to intake more and burn fewer calories, increasing their risk of obesity. (6) Conversely, the heavy-body cognitive bias prompts children to intake less and expend more calories, resulting in a higher prevalence of thinness. This study innovates by exploring peer effects on body cognitive biases in Chinese children, elucidating their direction and health implications. While overweight and obesity are recognized as overt health issues, the spread and impact of implicit issues like body cognitive biases should not be overlooked. Nevertheless, the issue is largely neglected in developing countries, such as China, where existing children's health policies are inadequate in addressing it. Promoting accurate body image perception and understanding of health prevention strategies among children requires adequate attention to peer effects.