Child Protection Agencies Research Articles

Building Collaboration with Child Protection and Domestic and Family Violence Sectors: Trialling a Living Lab Approach

Abstract Collaboration across child protection and domestic and family violence (DFV) sectors have long been sought despite the competing priorities found in these practice fields. This article describes a research partnership that aimed to explore the competing priorities by focusing on how workers interact across child protection and DFV specialist agencies. Using a Living Lab Approach, enabled twelve focus groups with child protection and DFV social workers (n = 100). Thematic analysis was conducted, and it was found that diverse understandings of DFV created tensions when trying to form collaborations. These tensions were often amplified when other intersecting issues were present in family lives such as drug and alcohol and mental health problems. Understandings of Aboriginal cultural safety, and religious and culture impacts for cultural and linguistically diverse families were unintentionally sidelined. However, practitioners also formed common understandings of opportunities to progress and sustain collaboration across the sectors. The Living Lab Approach facilitated the development of a policy and practice guide for child protection to support future work. This has implications for social work practice because the Living Lab Approach enabled a call for a consistent approach to DFV that should be gender sensitive, trauma informed and culturally safe, and collaboration at practitioner, team and organisational levels.

Mental health disorders as cooccuring and predictive factors of psychotic disorders in sexually abused children

BackgroundLittle is known about the factors associated with psychosis in sexually abused children. Many factors have been associated with both sexual abuse and psychosis, and some mental health disorders have been identified as implied in the relationship between childhood trauma and psychosis. ObjectivesThis study aims to identify factors cooccurring with psychotic disorders in sexually abused youth and to determine which predict the development of psychosis in this population. Participants and settingChildren with a corroborated report of sexual abuse (n = 882) at a Child Protection Agency (CPA) between 2000 and 2010 and whose health data could be retrieved from public health databases were selected for this study. MethodsA prospective matched-cohort design was used, with administrative databases from a CPA and a public health system. Logistic regressions were performed to determine which mental health diagnoses were associated with, and which predicted, psychotic disorders. ResultsLogistic regressions revealed that personality disorders were significantly associated with psychotic disorders whereas substance misuse disorders and intellectual disability significantly predicted psychotic disorders. ConclusionsPsychotic disorders and personality disorders appear concomitantly in sexually abused youth. Having received a substance misuse disorder diagnosis increases the risk of developing a psychotic disorder in sexually abused youth. Health professionals should be aware of those risk factors to help reduce the severity of youth sexual abuse consequences and, ultimately, prevent psychosis.

A comparison of the psychological outcomes of self-reported and agency-notified child abuse in a population-based birth cohort at 30-year-follow-up

BackgroundRetrospective studies show a strong association between child abuse and subsequent psychiatric morbidity. Prospective studies are less common with conflicting data in young adults. We assessed the effect on psychological outcomes at 30-year follow-up of prospective agency notifications compared to retrospective self-reports of childhood maltreatment in the same birth cohort. MethodsWe used data on self-reported child abuse from 2425 young adults who completed the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) at the 30-year follow-up of a prospective birth cohort study commenced in 1981. These were linked to notifications of maltreatment to child protection agencies. The outcomes were DSM-IV diagnoses from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Auto version (CIDI). ResultsA quarter of the sample (n=600) self-reported maltreatment of any type, 326 (13.4%) rating this as severe. The most common maltreatment type was neglect (n=382), followed by emotional (n=225), sexual (n=198) and physical abuse (n=197). On adjusted analyses, there were differences between agency- and self-reported maltreatment in the psychological effects on 30-year-olds. In the case of depression, and especially post-traumatic disorder, there were significant associations irrespective of reporting sources. In the case of anxiety, there was a strong association with all forms of self-reported maltreatment. However, agency-reported cases were only significantly associated with emotional abuse in the previous 30-days. LimitationsThe attrition rate from baseline to follow-up and the possibility of insufficient power to detect statistical significance in agency-reported cases ConclusionsThe association between child maltreatment and psychiatric symptoms may vary by diagnosis and reporting source. Each source possibly captures different populations.

Child Sexual Abuse and Age at Onset of Psychotic Disorders: A Matched-cohort Study: L'âge d'apparition des troubles psychotiques chez les victimes d'agression sexuelle à l'enfance: Une étude prospective de cohortes appariées.

Victims of child sexual abuse (CSA) present with a higher risk of psychotic disorders. However, the developmental course of psychosis following CSA, such as the age at onset, remains unknown. This study aimed to determine whether the age at onset of psychotic disorders was influenced by sexual abuse, sex, and confounding factors (substance misuse, intellectual disability, and socioeconomic status). A prospective matched-cohort design was used, with administrative databases from a child protection agency (CPA) and a public health system. Children who received a substantiated report of CSA at the CPA and whose health data could be retrieved were selected (n = 882) and matched with children from the general population using their date of birth, sex, and geographical area. Survival analysis was performed to estimate the association between sexual abuse, sex, and confounding factors and the age at onset of psychotic disorders. Sexual abuse and substance misuse are significantly associated with the age at onset of psychotic disorders. In the sexually abused group, only substance misuse is associated with the age at onset of psychotic disorders, but this was not significant for the general population. These findings highlight the importance of prevention of psychotic disorders among sexually abused youth, especially those with a substance misuse diagnosis.

The influence of child maltreatment on substance or alcohol use in 30-year-old adults: A birth cohort study.

Retrospective studies have shown a strong association between experiencing maltreatment in childhood and subsequent illicit substance or alcohol use. Prospective studies are rarer, with limited data following subjects into adulthood. We report findings from a prospective record-linkage analysis, which examines whether notified and/or substantiated child maltreatment is associated with substance (SUD) or alcohol use disorders (AUD) in early adulthood when participants are 30 years old. We linked data from a statutory child protection agency of prospectively notified and substantiated child maltreatment to a survey of a birth cohort recruited from the main maternity hospital of Brisbane. The main outcomes were 30-day and lifetime diagnoses of SUD or AUD at 30-year follow-up as measured by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, Auto version. Of the 2861 people at the 30-year follow-up, 103 (3.6%) had a history of agency-substantiated maltreatment by 16 years. On adjusted analyses, AUD in the previous 30 days or lifetime SUD were both significantly associated with childhood maltreatment. Of maltreatment subtypes, 30-day AUD at 30 years of age was particularly associated with physical and emotional abuse while SUD was associated with sexual maltreatment. Recurring or multiple forms of abuse had the worst outcomes. Child maltreatment, especially involving physical and sexual abuse, predicts AUD and SUD that extends to people in their 30s. Children with more than one type of maltreatment are at particular risk. Further research may help to identify possible predictors of long-term outcomes of child maltreatment.

Changes in the social work profession as responses to institutional multiplicity

PurposeAdopting the perspective of “institutional work” within neoinstitutionalism and “organizational professionalism” from the sociology of professions, this article contributes to current theoretical discussions on agency in settings of institutional multiplicity.Design/methodology/approachThis article investigates how social workers in Danish child protection services respond to the implementation of technologies of government targeted at shaping the conduct of conduct to achieve certain results. The article draws on a qualitative case study in a child protection agency and centers on the use of assessment committees as a case of technologies of government.FindingsThe article identifies divergent ways that social workers manage and make sense of contradiction, e.g. by means of detachment of accountability, expansion of practice and internalization of logics in professionalism. Thus, the article sheds light on how social workers cope with discrepant requirements fostered by technologies of government.Originality/valueAs research has focused on the potential constraining effects of technologies of government and discrepancy of logics, limited attention has been given to how the potential discrepancy is nevertheless reconciled, negotiated and handled in the everyday run-of-the-mill practice. Adopting the perspective of “institutional work” within neoinstitutionalism and “organizational professionalism” from the sociology of professions, this article contributes to current theoretical discussions on agency in settings of institutional multiplicity. Additionally, the article sheds light on how social workers manage and make sense of discrepant requirements fostered by technologies of government, reflecting empirical examples of a profession in transition.

Agency notification and retrospective self-reports of childhood maltreatment in a 30-Year cohort: Estimating population prevalence from different data sources

BackgroundThere is little known about how two sources of child maltreatment reports correspond, specifically for emotional, physical, sexual abuse and emotional or physical neglect. ObjectiveTo compare agency and self-reports of child maltreatment and determine whether they are predicted by similar early life course adverse experiences. Participants Data are taken from a long running birth cohort study (Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy - MUSP). Mothers (N=7223) were recruited in 1981-83 and their children were followed-up 30 years later (2010-14). In 2000 data from the relevant child protection agency were accessed and linked to the survey data. Setting Consecutive women giving birth to a live singleton baby at a major obstetrical service in Brisbane, Australia were recruited and both mother and child were repeatedly follow-up over a 30 year period. Methods Birth cohort study with data linkage of child protection agency records and self-report survey data (using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - CTQ) of childhood maltreatment experiences. We compare reports of emotional, physical and sexual abuse and neglect using agency and self-reports (Cramer's V and kappa). ResultsMost children who are notified cases of maltreatment subsequently self-report they experienced little or no maltreatment in childhood. Most children who report experiencing severe maltreatment have not previously been notified to the protection agency. Teenage mothers have children who are notified 2.89 (1.52, 5.52) times, self-report 2.01 (1.31, 3.09) times and both notified and self-report 3.61 (2.26, 6.10) times more than their older comparison mothers. ConclusionsDifferent methods of assessing maltreatment identify different subsets of those children who have experienced maltreatment.

Child Protection Managers’ Views on Frameworks for Assessment of Children in Need

ABSTRACT Internationally there has been a movement to reform investigative work in child welfare and protection systems. These reforms have aimed to introduce national frameworks that systematize the way assessments are carried out. Several reports have identified shortcomings in the way that child protection investigations are carried out in Norway. Consequently, there is a need for improvement. However, an attempt to change practice within an organization has little hope of succeeding unless the organization implementing the new practice accepts that a change in practice is needed. The aim of this study was to examine child protection agency managers’ views on the advantages and disadvantages related to implementation of an assessment framework in Norway. Electronic survey questionnaires were distributed to the managers of all Norwegian child protection services. The response rate was 68% (N = 217). The majority agreed that the use of an assessment framework is helpful in child welfare and protection services investigations in general, and helpful in terms of facilitating child and family participation. This study indicates that some prerequisites would need to be present for successful implementation of an assessment framework: training, supervision and ongoing support, and sufficient resources.

Mental health Profiles of Sexually Abused Youth: Comorbidity, Resilience and Complex Trauma

Objectives: The current study’s objectives were to 1) determine if sexually abused youth in child protective agencies (CPA) were given more psychiatric diagnoses and exhibited more comorbidity than youth from the general population, 2) examine the comorbidity profiles of sexually abused youth over 10 years of medical consultations and hospitalizations. Method: Diagnoses of 882 youth with a substantiated sexual abuse report between 2001 and 2010 at a participating CPA were compared to those of 882 matched controls (n = 1764). Results: Results of generalized linear mixed models showed that sexually abused youth presented higher rates of all diagnostic categories and were up to four times more likely to present comorbid diagnoses. Latent class analyses among abused youth revealed four different comorbidity profiles; two more severe groups named complex trauma (11%) and dissociation (14%); and two less severe groups named depression (10%) and low or no comorbidity/resilience (65%). Youth with more cumulative maltreatment and greater number of years of data following CSA report were more at risk of presenting a comorbidity profile, while females were more likely to present a depression profile. Profiles of youth in the highest comorbidity class were similar to what is defined as complex trauma or complex post-traumatic stress disorder. Implications: Sexually abused youth's varied profiles warrant varied interventions. Integrated trauma informed interventions are needed to address the cumulative maltreatment experienced and the psychiatric comorbidity some youth exhibit.

Don't Call it a Comeback: The Promotion of Rehabilitation and Reunification of Families Affected by Poverty‐Related Neglect

While Child Protective Services may provide some services to remedy the underlying issues of child neglect allegations, these efforts are often bare minimum and inadequately implemented in order to effectuate the goals of family reunification. This Note proposes an amendment to the Family Court Act in order to promote compliance of local child welfare agencies' obligation to reunify the family unit. The amendment will mandate that agencies show, by clear and convincing evidence, that the child protective services agency has made active efforts to reunify the family.

Interparental violence: Professionals’ perspectives in the child protection system

Study purpose: Based on the cognitive-contextual model developed by Grych and Fincham (1990), this study explored the role of the Exposure to Interparental Violence (EIV) on adolescents’ coping and functioning from the perspectives of Portuguese professionals in the Child Protection System (CPS). Participants: Nineteen professionals from three Child Protection Agencies participated in this study (100% females). The target subjects of professionals perspectives were adolescents aged between 10 and 16 years old (M = 13.58; SD = 1.98) who have a CPS record managed by these professionals. Data was collected through a semi-structured interview guide based on the theoretical model and analysed with a thematic analysis strategy. Results: Findings revealed 7 main themes, of which two emerged exclusively from the data (i.e., Risk Factors for Interparental Conflict; Impact of the Conflict in Individual and Family Functioning) and the remaining five were anchored in the cognitive-contextual theoretical framework (i.e., Interparental Conflict; Distal and Proximal Context; Primary and Secondary Processing; Affect; Coping Behaviour and Consequences). Conclusions: This research enabled a description of the underlying aspects of the multidimensionality of EIV, and the results will be discussed considering its implications for the evaluation and intervention in this context.

Infant removal and the lack of representation for parents

AbstractThis paper throws a spotlight on the systemic disadvantage experienced by parents who have their children removed from their care. With data drawn from the annual reports of the Legal Aid of Western Australia, the child protection agency in Western Australia, and the Productivity Commission, the authors illustrate the disconnection between the agency’s policy to reunify children once removed from their birth parents; the resources made available to support families to overcome their difficulties; and how the gap is further widened when parents without financial means and who are disempowered face legal proceedings on their own. We profile the increasing numbers of infants who are removed, the decreasing numbers of these infants who are discharged from care, and the shortfall of grants of legal aid that are provided to parents when they go to court. For this group of parents, permanent loss of their children is a reality. The aim of the paper is to capture the extent to which there is a fundamental blemish on the principles of due process and fairness, and once statutory processes are triggered, the best interests of the child and the support of parents are contingent, with poverty being the key mediating factor.

The effect of child protection services on child maltreatment recurrence

연구목적: 아동보호서비스가 아동학대 재발생을 효과적으로 감소시켰는가는 상당히 중요한 이슈임에도 불구하고 이에 대해서는 알려진 바가 많지 않다. 이 연구에서는 우리나라아동보호전문기관에서 제공하고 있는 서비스 특성과 아동학대 재발생 간의 관계를 설명하고자 하였다. 방법: 아동학대 재발생의 시간적 발생 특성을 파악하기 위해 2012년부터 2017년까지 아동보호전문기관에 신고되어 처음 아동학대로 판정된 28,505 사례를 대상으로 아동학대재발생 현황을 살펴보기 위해 생명표 분석을 실시하였다. 아동보호서비스 특성과 아동학대 재발생 간의 관계는 다층 비연속 시간 사건사 분석을 통하여 살펴보았다. 결과: 전체 사례 가운데 10.4%(2,963 사례)에서 학대가 재발생하였으며, 학대 재발생 승산은 신고 이후 첫 1개월 이내에 가장 높았다. 학대 재발생 사례의 절반 이상이 11개월이내에 발생하였다. 아동학대 재발생 승산은 기관별로 차이가 있었으며, 아동보호전문기관이 담당하는 지역의 수와 아동 인구수가 많을수록 학대 재발생 승산이 감소하였다. 학대 피해 아동과 비학대 부모 대상 서비스 제공 기간이 길수록, 비학대 부모에게 사후관리서비스가 제공된 경우, 사례 개입이 진행 중일 때 학대 재발생 승산은 감소하였다. 그러나 학대 피해 아동 대상 심리서비스와 행위자 대상 상담 서비스는 학대 재발생 승산을증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 아동보호서비스가 아동학대 재발생에 미치는 영향은 서비스 제공 대상자, 제공 기간, 서비스 유형에 따라 다소 다르게 나타났다. 이 연구는 우리나라 아동보호전문기관에서 제공한 서비스 특성이 아동학대 재발생에 미치는 영향을 체계적으로 설명했다는 측면에서 의의가 있다. 이러한 연구 결과를 근거로 하여 아동보호서비스의 개선방안에 대하여 논의하였다.Objectives: Little is known about child protection services, although it is a very importantissue for whether they effectively reduce the recurrence of child maltreatment. Therefore,this study was intended to explain the relationship between service characteristics and therecurrence of child maltreatment provided by child protection agencies in South Korea. Methods: From 2012 to 2017, a life table analysis was conducted to examine the statusof the recurrence of child maltreatment in 28,505 cases under child protection agencies. Therelationship between the characteristics of child protection services and the recurrence ofchild maltreatment was examined through multi-level discrete-time event history analysis. Results: Child reabuse occurred in 10.4% (2,963 cases) of the total cases, and the risk ofrecurrence of child maltreatment was the highest within the first month of reporting. Morethan half of the cases of recurrence of child maltreatment were conceived within 11 months. The higher the number of areas in charge of child protection and the higher the numberof children, the lower the odds of recurrence of child maltreatment. The longer the serviceperiod for non-abuse parents, the lower the odds of recurrence of child maltreatment. In addition,the odds of recurrence of child maltreatment decreased if post-care services wereprovided to non-abuse parents. The odds of recurrence of child maltreatment was also lowin cases where case intervention was underway. However, psychological services for abusedchildren and counseling services for perpetrators increase the odds of recurrence of childmaltreatment. Conclusions: The impact of child protection services on reoccurrence of child maltreatmenthas been somewhat different depending on the subject and duration of service and type ofservice. The study is meaningful in that it systematically explains the impact of servicesprovided by child protection agencies in South Korea on the recurrence of childmaltreatment. Based on the results of this study, the improvement of child protection serviceswas discussed.

‘Are We Talking as Professionals or as Parents?’ Complementary views on supervisory neglect among professionals working with families in Quebec, Canada

This paper addresses how personal and professional values and experiences of professionals working with children and families from diverse cultural backgrounds interweave in their understanding of (in)adequate child supervision and how this influences their decision-making around supervisory neglect. Eleven focus group discussions involving 67 service providers were held in two of the largest cities in the province of Quebec, Canada. Participants were recruited through public school boards, municipal police agencies, child protection agencies, and health and social services. Service providers who were recruited to offer their professional perspective on children’s supervision, responded with examples from both their professional and personal contexts. Whereas personal examples, including those related to culture, were used to qualify, contextualize, deepen analysis, and better assess the boundaries of a supervisory situation, professional examples were used to refer to the legal sphere. Besides using professional decision-making tools, service providers could benefit from incorporating their personal experiences to advance reflection about supervisory neglect and from reconciling their professional and personal dimensions for more ethical decision-making in this field. The latter would require clinical (not just administrative) support, a good network of colleagues, and training. Seeking depth and sensitivity beyond what structured decision grids allow is particularly needed in ethnoculturally diverse contexts.

Hospital Injury Encounters of Children Identified by a Predictive Risk Model for Screening Child Maltreatment Referrals

Nearly 6 million children are reported as allegedly experiencing abuse or neglect in the US annually. Child protection agencies are increasingly turning to automated predictive risk models (PRMs) that mine information found in routinely collected administrative data and estimate a likelihood that an individual will experience some future adverse outcome. To test if a PRM used at the time of referral for alleged maltreatment, which automatically generates a risk stratification score indicating the relative likelihood of future foster care placement, is also predictive of injury hospitalization data. This retrospective cohort study based on a probabilistic association between child protection and hospital encounter data was conducted in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, and at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). Participants included children referred for alleged neglect or abuse in Allegheny County between April 1, 2010, and May 4, 2016. Risk score generated from the PRM. Medical encounters (emergency department and inpatient hospitalizations) for any-cause injuries, suicide or self-inflicted harm injuries, and abuse injuries between 2002 and 2015 for children classified by the PRM to different risk levels at the time of a maltreatment referral. Cancer encounters were used as a placebo test. Of 47 305 participants, 23 601 (49.9%) were girls, the mean (SD) age at referral was 8 (5.7) years, 28 211 (59.6%) were black, and 19 094 (40.4%) were nonblack. Children who scored in the highest 5% risk group by the PRM were more likely to have a medical encounter for an injury during the follow-up period than low-risk children (ie, those in the bottom 50% of risk). Specifically, among children referred for maltreatment and classified as highest risk, the rate of experiencing an any-cause injury encounter was 14.5 (95% CI, 13.1-15.9) per 100 compared with children who scored as low risk who had an any-cause injury encounter rate of 4.9 (95% CI, 4.7-5.2) per 100. For abuse-associated injury encounters, the rate for high-risk children was 2.0 (95% CI, 1.5-2.6) per 100 and that of low-risk children was 0.2 (95% CI, 0.2-0.3) per 100; for suicide and self-harm, the high-risk encounter rate was 1.0 (95% CI, 0.6-1.4) per 100 and that of low-risk children was 0.1 (95% CI, 0.1-0.1) per 100. There was no association between risk scores and cancer encounters. Findings confirm that children reported for having experienced alleged maltreatment and classified by a PRM tool to be at high risk of foster care placement are also at increased risk of emergency department and in-patient hospitalizations for injuries.

Parental sensitivity mediates the sustained effect of Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up on cortisol in middle childhood: A randomized clinical trial

ImportanceParenting interventions have been found to normalize cortisol regulation among high-risk children early in development; it is important to investigate the sustainability of these effects and their mechanisms, given the maladaptive outcomes associated with cortisol dysregulation. ObjectiveTo determine whether the Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC) intervention, implemented in infancy, predicts cortisol regulation in middle childhood via changes in early parental sensitivity. DesignDouble blind randomized clinical trial design; started January 2006, the follow-up for this project concluded March 2016. SettingParents of children under age 2 referred from child protective services agencies in a large, mid-Atlantic city. Participants103 parent-child dyads (45.6% female children) with histories of child protective services involvement, randomly assigned to receive ABC (n = 45) or a control intervention (n = 58); in infancy, the children’s ages ranged from 1.60 to 25.30 months (M = 9.87 months); at the middle childhood follow-up, they ranged from 8.0 to 11.0 years old (M = 8.52 years). InterventionsBoth conditions included 10-week, in-home, manualized interventions. The experimental condition, ABC, has 3 primary targets for parents: increasing nurturance to child distress, increasing following the child’s lead, and decreasing frightening behavior. The control intervention, Developmental Education for Families (DEF), is an adaptation of a program focused on enhancing cognitive and language development. Main outcomes and measuresParental sensitivity was coded from a semi-structured interaction task between the parent and child in early childhood. Middle childhood diurnal cortisol slopes were modeled by collecting salivary cortisol samples from children at wake-up and bedtime over the course of 3 consecutive days. ResultsABC participation in infancy was associated with increased parental sensitivity post-intervention, β = 0.28, p = .004, and this increased sensitivity predicted steeper decline across the day in children’s cortisol concentration in middle childhood, β = −.53, p = .002. The indirect effect of ABC on cortisol regulation via sensitivity was significant, β = −0.15, p = .038. Conclusions and relevanceABC has an indirect effect on middle childhood diurnal cortisol regulation via parental sensitivity; future research should seek to determine how this enhanced neurobiological regulation relates to children’s behavioral, socioemotional, and psychological outcomes. Trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02093052.

A longitudinal jurisdictional study of Black children reported to child protection services in Quebec, Canada

Empirical research is needed to better understand the overrepresentation faced by Black children receiving child protection services in Canada. This article examines rates of disparity using secondary longitudinal clinical-administrative data provided by a child protection agency in Quebec for a subsample of Black, White, and other visible minority children over a ten-year span. It calculates rates per 1000, a population disparity index (PDI), and a decision-based index (DDI) to determine representation by ethno-racial group across decision-points within the child protection system. Results reveal that while representing 9% of the general population in 2011, Black children represented 24% of children receiving child protection services for the corresponding year. When compared to White children, Black children’s protection reports were five times more likely to be screened in, substantiated, and brought to court. Black children were also five times more likely than White children to enter out-of-home placement. In contrast, other visible minority child protection reports were approximately two times more likely to be screened in than White children protection reports. After which, other visible minority rates of disparity gradually decreased across decision points. These findings demonstrate the need for a jurisdictional analysis when conducting research on service disparities and support an argument for disproportionate need as a factor affecting disparate outcomes.

Vulnerable Youth and the COVID-19 Pandemic.

* Abbreviations: COVID-19 — : coronavirus disease of 2019 LGBTQ — : lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and/or questioning Vulnerable pediatric populations (including youth who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and/or questioning [LGBTQ]; homeless; maltreated; in foster care; and struggling with substance use disorders) warrant particular consideration during the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It is likely that stay-at-home orders, combined with increased economic instability and family pressures, will increase their risks for harm and, in some cases, may make it untenable (and potentially dangerous) for them to shelter in place. Simultaneously, safety nets that protect youth (child protective services, medical and mental health providers, and educators) have fewer staff available or are inaccessible because of the COVID-19 crisis. These conditions highlight how morbidity and mortality in vulnerable pediatric populations will likely extend beyond the pandemic itself. For some children and youth, home can be isolating and, in some cases, dangerous. Adverse childhood experiences, including physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect, are common, with an estimated 678 000 children and adolescents experiencing maltreatment in 2018, and young children are at highest risk for serious harm.1 These risks increase for specific populations. Indeed, LGBTQ and gender nonconforming youth (up to 16% of all youth) are at far higher risk of experiencing physical and sexual abuse, with the level of gender nonconformity predictive of … Address correspondence to Rachel I. Silliman Cohen, MD, Child Abuse Research Education and Service Institute, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, 42 E Laurel Rd, Stratford, NJ 08084. E-mail: sillimancohen{at}rowan.edu

ASSOCIATION OF TURKISH HİMÂYE-İ ETFÂL CHILD COLLECTED WORKS: EXAMINATION OF CHILDREN’S SONGS IN WORK NUMBER 11

Child songs have a great importance in the process of obtaining an ideal child profile that we desire to raise. It is supposedly known that lots of books regarding child songs have been brought out in the past to raise that robust Turkish child profile in the field of music. Although it has been thought that those books and child songs are insufficient as the meanings of creating repertoire, we now see that recent sources which were written in Ottoman Turkish are emerging as the time goes by. At that very moment, what we know as Social Services and Child Protection Agency but named Turkish Himâye-i Etfâl Community then, broke its own neck in the effort to create a corpus for children’s education and brought out lots of books which also include child songs. The 11th book of this collected works is about child songs. Also, transferring and translation of those books to Turkish is very important in terms of development and expansion of child songs repertoire. In that research historical method has been used out of the qualitative methods. Twelve songs have been examined in terms of rhythm, tonality, vocal range, form, composer, lyricist, lyrics and theme within the scope of the nearest time which is the music education program of 1926. Consequently, nearly all of the songs’ levels being adequate to be used in the musical education of its time, songs’ being able strike to anyone’s fancy, being designed easiest to hardest when analyzed respectively, being wary of the pedagogy and the fact that all the lyrics and compositions belongs to Mehmed Bahâ [Pars] have been seen.

Dr. Fuad Umay ve Çocuk Esirgeme Kurumu faaliyetleri

Dr. Fuad Umay gerek doktor kimliğiyle gerekse milletvekili kimliğiyle Kırklareli’nin yetiştirdiği önemli devlet adamlarından birisidir. Osmanlı’nın son dönemlerine tanıklık etmiş ve yeni kurulan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin en zor günlerinde milletvekilliği yapmıştır. O, çocukların koruyucusu olarak tanınmaktadır. Bu nedenle Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün ona verdiği Umay soyadı tam olarak onunla anlam bulmuştur. Dr. Fuad Umay, cemiyet adamı kimliğiyle ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu cemiyetçi kimliğinden en önemlisi kimsesiz çocukları himaye etmek amacıyla kurduğu Himaye-i Etfâl Cemiyetidir. İşte bu cemiyetin izleri günümüze kadar gelmiştir. Ayrıca Dr. Fuad Umay, çocuklar konusunda Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisine sunduğu çeşitli kanun teklifleriyle çocuklara sahip çıkarak sağlıklı bir nesil yaratmaya çalışmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Dr. Fuad Umay’ın hayatı, onun kurduğu Himaye-i Etfâl Cemiyetinin Çocuk Esirgeme Kurumuna dönüşüm süreci ve Dr. Fuad Umay’ın Çocuk Esirgeme Kurumu Faaliyetleri aktarılmaya çalışılmıştır.