Children In Early Childhood Research Articles

The choice of toys by early childhood children

The article deals with the problem of choosing toys by children aged 0-48 months. It represents how children's situational involuntary interest in toys gradually transforms into cognitive interest. The latter determines the young children’s choices in various spheres of their life and, in particular, in choosing among the most accessible and feasible items – toys. The children’s cognitive interest in the choice of toys has been studied in the object and toy environment. A comparative analysis of children's choices among three types of the most common toys was carried out. It has been proved that figurative-interactive toys are the most popular among young children, figurative toys are in the second place, and collapsible toys are in the third place. The functional features of toys that encourage children to choose them have been revealed: sound, mobility, colour brightness. The more such features a toy has, the more often children choose it, the longer and more meaningful they play with it. It has been found that young children choose toy according to their psycho-physical, sensory capabilities and skills to act with it.

ED95 of remimazolam in nasal administration for attenuating preoperative anxiety in children.

Preoperative anxiety often prevails in children at higher levels than adults, which is a common impediment for surgeons and anesthesiologists. It is of great necessity to explore an appropriate medication to improve this situation. Remimazolam, a type of benzodiazepine drug, has been indicated for the induction and maintenance of procedural sedation in adults since 2020. To date, rare studies were reported to investigate the effect of remimazolam on children. In this study, we investigated the safety and efficacy of intranasal drops of remimazolam and tried to determine the 95% effective dose (ED95) of remimazolam in single intranasal administration in attenuating preoperative anxiety in children. In this study, 114 children were enrolled who underwent laparoscopic high-level inguinal hernia ligation between January 2021 and December 2022 and were divided into an early childhood children group and a pre-school children group. The biased coin design (BCD) was used to determine the target doses. A positive response was defined as the effective relief of preoperative anxiety (modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale, mYPAS < 30). The initial nasal dose of remimazolam was 0.5 mg·kg-1 in the two groups. An increment or decrement of 0.1 mg·kg-1 was applied depending on the sedative responses. Isotonic regression and bootstrapping methods were used to calculate the ED95 and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), respectively. A total of 80 children completed the study, including 40 in the early childhood group and 40 in the pre-school children group. As statistical analysis indicated, the ED95 of a single intranasal infusion of remimazolam for the relief of preoperative anxiety is 1.57 mg·kg-1 (95% CI: 1.45-1.59 mg·kg-1) in early childhood children and 1.09 mg·kg-1 (95% CI: 0.99-1.11 mg·kg-1) in pre-school children, and the CIs did not overlap each other. Remimazolam is an effective medication to relieve preoperative anxiety in children. Moreover, the ED95 of single nasal administration of remimazolam for effective relief of preoperative anxiety was 1.57 and 1.09 mg·kg-1 in early childhood children and pre-school children, respectively.

Reflections of COVID-19 virus on early childhood drawings

This research is aimed to investigate the COVID-19 virus reflections in the drawings by children in early childhood. The research was conducted with 30 (K15, E=15) children who volunteered to participate in the study from Batman provincial center in the academic year 2022-2023. In the research, the working group was determined according to the sampling criterion. In this regard, the criteria of "being in early childhood", "residing in Batman province", and "volunteering to participate in the study" were formed and taken into account in the research. In the research, the children were asked "What does the COVID-19 virus look like to you, can you draw a picture of it for me?", the picture was drawn by giving the instruction, and the data were collected by taking the story of the picture in the question. The obtained data were analyzed using QSR NVivo 10 computer program, which is suitable for qualitative data analysis. Descriptive analysis technique was used in the analyses. As a result, it has been seen that fear and anxiety are included in the children's pictures, they place public spots such as wearing masks and social distancing. Realism is included in the picture, the virus is depicted in red and green colours, but in shape it is the same in all children's pictures, which shows that this situation is also active in the isolation process of the press media.

Edukasi sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kesehatan Anak Usia Dini

Early childhood in children is an extraordinary stage of development. Children experience complex physical growth and mental development. The child's reaction and adaptation to environmental stimuli occurs quickly. However, at this time it is also prone to health problems including problems with malnutrition, stunting, obesity problems, respiratory and digestive tract infections, delays in speech development, and emotional problems. Therefore, education for parents to optimize early childhood health is urgently needed. This community service program aims to increase parental knowledge in improving early childhood health. This program was implemented in January 2023 with 25 parents attending the meeting. The method used in this activity is to provide education to parents by carrying out pre-test and post-test. The target of community service is all parents (mothers) who have early childhood children. Mothers have an average age of 32.72 years with an age variation of 4.89, the minimum age is 26 years and the oldest is 42 years. Most of them are housewives (68%) with the most education being high school or vocational school graduates, namely 40%. Providing education about optimizing early childhood health resulted in an average increase in mother's knowledge of 0.76 or the equivalent of 5.06%. These results indicate an increase in parental knowledge in improving early childhood health. This is expected to increase the capacity of parents in optimizing their child health.

Animated Video-based E-Flashcard Learning Media for Early Childhood Pre-Reading Abilities

The implementation of flashcards is still focused on image recognition and has yet to go too deep into letter recognition. This research aims to analyze the effect of animated video-based e-flashcards on the pre-reading abilities of young children. This type of research is quantitative with a quasi-experimental method and a nonequivalent control group design. The population of this study was early childhood children from group B class. The research sample consisted of two groups, namely group B1 as the control class and group B3 as the experimental class, totaling 38 children. Data collection methods use observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques use inferential statistics. The research results show the influence of the use of animated video-based e-flashcard learning media on the pre-reading abilities of early childhood. E-flashcard learning media can improve the pre-reading abilities of young children. Animated video-based e-flashcard learning media is equipped with additional features such as animation and sounds that can attract children's attention so that children can focus on the information conveyed.

Profiles of parents' emotion socialization within a multinational sample of parents.

Seminal emotion socialization theories classify parents according to two patterns of parent emotion socialization processes: 'emotion coaching' (i.e., parents validate and teach children about emotions) versus 'emotion dismissing' parenting (i.e., parents minimize and dismiss their children's emotions). However, empirical evidence supporting this binary distinction of parents remains limited. Our objective was to investigate whether parents can be differentiated by distinct patterns in their (1) beliefs about children's emotions, (2) emotion regulation, and (3) emotion-related parenting practices. Participants were parents of children aged 4-10 years from the Child and Parent Emotion Study (N = 869) (https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/10/e038124). Parents completed self-reported measures of emotion socialization processes via an online survey, which took 20-30 min to complete. Data included in the current study were collected May-August 2019. We conducted a latent profile analysis of parents' emotion socialization (13 indicators). To assess reliability of the profiles, we examined stability of the profiles across (1) parents of children in early versus middle childhood, and (2) fathers versus mothers, via measurement invariance testing. Further, to assess for construct validity of the profiles, we examined concurrent associations between six criterion constructs and parents' emotion socialization profiles. A three-profile model emerged characterizing parents by: (1) emotion coaching; (2) emotion dismissing; (3) emotion disengaged. There was strong support for construct validity and reliability. Our study provides empirical support for distinct differentiated classifications of emotion coaching and emotion dismissing parenting, aligned with emotion socialization theories. We further extend on extant theory and suggest a third 'emotion disengaged' classification, describing parents with moderate levels of emotion dismissing parenting and low levels of emotion coaching parenting. It should be noted that the profiles were derived with self-report data, therefore, data may have been biased by contextual factors. Furthermore, the study sample consisted of Western families from affluent backgrounds. The field should focus efforts on conducting person-centered studies with more diverse samples in future.

CASUISTIC CASE OF RETROPHARYNGEAL ABSCESS WITH AN ATYPICAL CLINICAL PICTURE IN A CHILD

Retropharyngeal abscess is an acute purulent inflammation of the lymph nodes and loose tissue of the pharyngeal space. The pharyngeal space spans from the base of the skull to the lower edge of the pharynx. It is bounded anteriorly by the posterior pharyngeal wall and posteriorly by the prevertebral fascia. Laterally, it is bounded by the parapharyngeal spaces and the neurovasc ular bundles of the neck, and it extends into the posterior mediastinum inferiorly., which facilitates the spread of abscess into the mediastinum, causing mediastinitis. The lymph nodes of the pharyngeal space are regional to the nasopharynx, oropharynx, posterior nasal cavity, auditory tube, and tympanic cavity. Therefore, the causative factors of retropharyngeal abscess are inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract and middle ear. Retropharyngeal abscess is an extremely serious pathology of early childhood and is observed in children of the first 4 years of life. In children over the age of 4, it practically does not occur due to regression and obliteration of the lymph nodes and regression of the pharyngeal space.We have described a clinical case of the retropharyngeal abscess in a child aged 4 years and 10 months, the symptoms and course of which are radically different from the classic symptoms of this pathological condition in children of early childhood. In the differential diagnosis of the retropharyngealt abscess it is necessary to distinguish it from a number of diseases, namely ARVI, acute nasopharyngitis, tonsillitis, including lingual and pharyngeal tonsils, stomatitis, paratonsillitis, paratonsillar abscess, Ludwig's angina, parapharyngeal phlegmon, phlegmon of the neck, mononucleosis, acute stenosing laryngotracheitis, acute subglottic laryngitis (pseudocroup), pneumonia,cervical lordosis, aneurysm of ascending aorta or cervical artery, tumors of the nasopharynx, foreign bodies of pharynx, larynx, and cervical esophagus.Complications make this disease extremely dangerous. The most common complications are observed in the second week of the disease in cases of undiagnosed process, namely laryngeal oedema with development of acute stenosis, pneumonia, sepsis, meningoencephalitis, spread of inflammation to the interfascial space of the neck and posterior mediastinum with development of purulent mediastinitis and varrious septic complications.The most unexpected and dangerous complication is death by asphyxia, which occurs when the abscess opens spontaneously due to aspiration of pus.Thus, retropharyngeal abscess occurs mainly in early childhood due to the peculiarities of the anatomical structure of the pharyngeal space, loose tissue and lymph nodes. These anatomical features of the pharynx and pharyngeal space in childhood and the causative factors should be taken into account by the doctor in case of any deterioration of the child's general condition accompanied by hyperthermia, impaired breathing and swallowing difficulties. However, the less frequent but possible occurrence of a retropharyngeal abscess with atypical clinical symptoms after the age of 4 years should not be forgotten.The Commission on Biomedical Ethics of the BSMU of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine (Chernivtsi) determined that the study was conducted in compliance with the "Rules of Ethical Principles for Scientific Medical Research Involving Human Subjects" approved by the Declaration of Helsinki (1964-2013), ICH GCP (1996), Regulation (EU) No. 609 of 24 November 1986, and Orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 690 of 23 September 2009, No. 944 of 14 December 2009, No. 616 of 03 August 2012. The material presented in this article may be recommended for publication (Protocol No. 7 of 18 May 23).

AFFIRMING MORAL EXCELLENCE: STRENGTHENING CHARACTER EDUCATION THROUGH HABITUATION AND INNOVATIVE LEARNING MANAGEMENT

This study investigates the positive impact of the management of strengthening moral character education through habituation programs and educational learning in early childhood on their moral development. This approach is designed to reinforce noble values and ethics in children's daily lives at an early stage of development. The research site was conducted at Al Munir Kalianget Islamic Kindergarten Banyuglugur Situbondo. The research methodology uses a qualitative research approach of the case study type involving the implementation of the Habituation Program specifically designed to improve the understanding and application of moral values. Data was collected through observations, interviews, and questionnaires given to teachers and parents of children involved in the program. The results showed a significant improvement in early childhood children's understanding and moral behaviour after participating in the Habituation Program and educational learning. The collaboration between the school environment and the family proves its effectiveness in forming a strong character and high morale in children. This finding has important implications in the context of early childhood character education. It highlights the strategic role of management in strengthening moral character education in shaping the next generation who are qualified, with integrity, and full of responsibility. This research contributes to the practical and theoretical understanding of increasing children's moral excellence through integrated character education interventions.

Implementation of Religion and Astronomy for Children Through the Reggio Emillia Learning Model

Developing religion and science in early childhood requires the right stimulation to develop optimally. This study aims to analyze the influence exerted by the Reggio Emilia learning model in developing religion and the science of astronomy in children. This research belongs to the quantitative research in quasi-experimental using the posttest-only control group design. The population in this study were 18 early childhood children aged 5-6 years. Sampling was done using a saturated sample technique, in which all population members were used as research samples. Data collection in this study was carried out using non-test methods in the form of observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The research instrument used was in the form of children's religious and scientific ability instruments. The data obtained in the study were then analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis techniques through validity testing, reliability testing, normality testing, and hypothesis testing. The results of the data analysis show that the calculated f value is 3.789 and a significance value of 0.007. The hypothesis is accepted by the results obtained with the sig &lt;0.05 and f count &gt; f table; this study has a sig value of 0.007 &lt;0.05 and f count of 3.789&gt; 3.63. Based on these results, the Reggio Emilia learning model positively and significantly influences astronomy's religious and scientific values in early childhood.

Connectivity in Early Childhood and Primary Education

The connection between early childhood education and primary education is a crucial condition for preparing children for school and providing essential support for the content, methods, and organization of the educational process within schools. The connectivity between early childhood and primary education relates to establishing relationships to address consistent issues in childcare and education. This includes the relationship between educational content and the methods of its implementation. Essentially, connectivity represents the relationship between preceding educational stages and the subsequent stage, inheriting specific characteristics from prior experiences into the future. According to experts, the key to connectivity lies in resolving the conflicts between the care and education of children in early childhood and primary school. This article analyzes the theoretical basis of connectivity from early childhood to primary education. Additionally, it identifies the necessary conditions and provides some recommendations for implementing connectivity to ensure the optimal development of children.

Mendongeng Untuk Menanamkan Moral Pada Anak Usia Dini Di TPQ At-Taqwa Masjid Ar-Rohmah Pracimantoro

Early childhood is the age of the child which is very decisive for the formation of a person's character, personality, intellectual and moral. So, parents must be able to maximize the provision of positive stimuli to children during their golden age. There are many ways that can be done in cultivating character and morals, one of which is storytelling. In a fairy tale, it usually contains elements of education, norms, various emotions and characters. Therefore, storytelling is an effective way of instilling morality in children, fostering creativity in children, increasing vocabulary in children, and increasing imagination in children. The method in this service is storytelling. Informants or subjects in this service are the early childhood children of TPQ At-Taqwa Ar-Rohmah Pracimantoro Mosque. The result of this dedication is to provide fairy tales to early childhood to teach a variety of emotions and characters for inculcating morals in early childhood. The conclusion from the dedication carried out by the resource persons can be explained that storytelling is an effective learning method for conveying moral messages to early childhood, because at their age, they have broad imaginations and tend to like fun learning methods, so they don't get bored quickly . By storytelling, instilling morals in early childhood is also easier.

A Systematic Review of School-based Physical Activity Programs on Physical Fitness, Cognition, and Affective Outcomes in Early Childhood

The purpose of this study was to review intervention studies on school-based physical activity programs in early childhood to identify the gaps and future trends in this topic. Forty-one quantitative experimental studies were identified from nine electronic databases using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. All identified studies were coded using a coding template. The interrater reliability between the two coders was 96.5%. The frequencies and percentages for each coded category were reported descriptively. The randomized controlled trial with a control group was the most used research design (70.7%), and 41.5% of the studies were guided by a theoretical/conceptual framework. The intervention length ranged from four days to three years, and 41.5% of the studies reported an intervention fidelity check in various forms. Different dependent variables were measured, and about half of the studies were focused on physical activity and anthropometry outcomes. A trend of the positive impact of school-based physical activity programs on children in early childhood was found. However, the rigor of studies needs significant improvements in multiple areas. Future intervention programs are suggested to include different elements in the design to develop children’s cognition, physical fitness, and affective outcomes.

Prevalence and intensity of caries in children

Aim. To evaluate the dental health of children in early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence.Materials and Methods. The prevalence and intensity of caries were assessed in 90 children from different age groups: 20 children from the early childhood group (6 years old), 45 children from the middle childhood group (12 years old), and 25 teenagers (15 years old).Results. In the middle childhood group, the “Decayed” component of the DMFT index (Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth) starts to appear, showing a clear increase with age. For instance, in teenagers, it is 4.04 ± 2.08, which is more than twice as high as in middle childhood children. A similar trend is observed with the “Filled” component of the index - while it was only 0.1 ± 0.02 in 6-year-old children, this indicator shows a clear increase with age, amounting to 2.15 ± 0.15 in teenagers. Consequently, in teenagers, the “Filled” component prevails at 2.15 ± 0.15, while the “Decayed” component is 1.57 ± 0.13, which is 1.3 times lower.Conclusion. An age-related prevalence and intensity of caries have been established, with the “Decayed” component of the DMFT index characteristically being identified in middle-aged children, with a tendency to increase. Both mothers and children lack sufficient dental education to prevent dental caries and other dental diseases. The survey showed that about two-thirds (84.6%) of the respondents prefer soft foods. A comprehensive revision of the existing methodology for organizing and conducting educational work among children on caries prevention is required.

Analisis Perkembangan Bahasa Pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Di TK IT Almawaddah Semarang

This research discusses the analysis of the development of language in children aged5-6years. The objectives of this study are (1) to determine the development of the language of children aged 5-6years; (2) to determine the factors of language development in children aged 5-6years. Understanding language is an initial effort to develop children‟s language development so that they can interact with their interlocutors. The type of research used is qualitative research with descriptive qualitative methods. Located in Islamic Kindergarten Almawaddah Semarang by looking at 2 research sources, namely 1 primary data source (educator) and secondary data source (3 early childhood children) aged5-6years. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing and verification. The results of this study indicate that the analisysis of the development of language in children aged5-6years in Islamic Almawaddah Semarang develops as expected. The shortcoming in this study is the attachment which should be more complete with the results of the documenyation in the study and does not include the result of the video during observation and interviews at school. There are 4 indicators of language development of children aged5-6years, namely: a). Understand multiple commands at the same time. b). repeating more complex sentences. c). Understand the rules of a game. d). Enjoy and appreciate reading. The implication of the research shos that early childhood aged 5-6 years are expected to keep the spirit of learning independently at home to be able to further develop the development of understanding language in children, educators and parent are expected to pay more attention in providing lessons for their children so that their ability to understand children‟s language can develop. And researchers are expected to be more creative in conducting future research and further researchers, in order to obtain maximum results.

MEMPERKENALKAN SALAH SATU PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL YAITU PERMAINAN NEKERAN PADA ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN SOSIAL EMOSIONAL ANAK

Samarinda,-In this day and age, many children are less exposed to traditional games, most children are busy playing online games on gadgets. A sight that is not regrettable considering that apart from being exciting and fun to play, traditional games also contain a lot of history/philosophy of life. Traditional games have benefits for early childhood in children’s growth compared to gadget games. At this time I am looking at and conducting research on traditional games, one on which is the Nekeran game.The goal is children today still recognize and love traditional game in Indonesia which ore now almost never seen anymore. I also as a researcher use descriptive qualitative methods, in this researchI used data collection technigues with abservastion interviews. The collected data is then analyzed, namely organizing the date, summarizing important points, editing and classifying themes, making a summary.

Membudayakan Praktik Jual-Beli Sejak Dini dalam Upaya Membentuk Jiwa Kewirausahaan Santri di Dayah Tradisional Aceh

This article discusses the importance of introducing students to buying and selling practices in traditional Acehnese dayah at an early age in order to foster their entrepreneurial spirit. The significance of developing the entrepreneurial spirit of students in traditional Acehnese Islamic boarding schools as a means of enhancing future economic security. The research methodology then employs a descriptive-qualitative approach and the technique of purposive sampling. The findings indicate that entrepreneurship in dayah contributes significantly to the spiritual, academic, and social development of students. Buying and selling is an integral part of the curriculum and daily routine at the Islamic boarding school, allowing students to develop entrepreneurial skills and a competitive mindset. In addition, the practice of buying and selling helps students comprehend ethical principles and business responsibilities. This practice also strengthens the dayah's role as a center for entrepreneurship education, where students can develop business ideas, share knowledge, and work together to overcome obstacles. In conclusion, the practice of buying and selling at an Early childhood child in traditional Acehnese dayah has the potential to increase the entrepreneurial spirit of santri and encourage their participation in community development and regional economic growth. Implementing this practice in traditional Acehnese dayah is an important step in preparing students to face future challenges in the business world with greater preparedness.

IMPLEMENTASI ALAT PERAGA EDUKATIF (APE) BAGI PENINGKATAN MINAT ANAK DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DI RAUDHATUL ATFAL (RA) NURHIDAYAH PURWOSARI KECAMATAN PEMATANG BANDAR KABUPATEN SIMALUNGUN

Early child education (paud) is the level of education prior to the basic education that is intended for children from birth to the age of six years made through educational stimulation to assist physical and spiritual growth and development in order for children to be prepared for further education. Learning that is an activity process to change the behavior of a subject learns to have factors influencing him. Of the many factors that influence, it can be classified horizontally into the second inner factor the subject is learning and the estern factor (from outside) the subject is learning. Among the internal factors and particularly psychological factors are some that influence learning, one of which is interest. The educational display is a learning medium that is sorely needed in the performance of the learning process. In early childhood child education the role of eductive visual models is crucial, educational displays for young children are powerful learning tools to further the child's interest in following learning. By, using the educational visual displays the learning process will continue more fun.

Effectiveness of D-Mat on Improving Basic Jumping Motions in Early Children in Palembang

Mastery of basic movements must start from an early age, because mastering basic movement abilities is an important foundation for children to be able to be involved in many kinds of physical activities in the future. This research is related to the basic motion of jumping. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of D-Mat in increasing basic jumping motion in early childhood. This type of research is experimental research by providing treatment in the form of a game method with D- Mat in early childhood. The sample used in this study is the total number of early childhood children in early childhood education. The data were obtained from the results of the pretest and posttest. The research sample consisted of 4-5 years old children in TK Negeri Pembina 4 and TK Kurnia Makmur Palembang totaling 30 people. Data analysis techniques using the t test. Based on the results of the research based on the t-test calculation, the value of fcount &lt;ftable or 4.29 &lt;1.693 means that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. This shows that the child's final ability is better than before using the D-Mat. It can be concluded that D-Mat is effectively used to improve basic jumping motion in early childhood in Palembang. It is suggested that the D-Mat mat can be used in physical activities as well as learning because the D-Mat contains pictures of letters and numbers.

Yoga Based on Shalat Movement to Develop Post-Pandemic Children’s Self Control

Purpose – This study aimed to develop yoga activities based on prayer movements to train children’s self-control. The subjects in this study were early childhood children in the TK B group. Design/methods/approach – This research uses development research (R&amp;D). Feasibility assessment of the development of prayer movement-based Yoga to train children’s self-control based on the assessment of media experts, yoga experts, and group B students as test subjects. Analysis using qualitative and quantitative data analysis, collecting data using interview guidelines, observation documentation, and questionnaires. Findings – The results showed that the development of prayer movement-based Yoga through a series of trials and expert validation, was workable for training children’s self-control which included (1) the ability to regulate behavior, (2) the ability to regulate stimuli, (3) the ability to consider things and events, ( 4) the ability to evaluate events and things positively, and (5) the ability to determine actions. Research implications/limitations – This research can be the basis and guideline for further research related to Yoga based on prayer movements in training self-control in early childhood. Researchers suggest that there are other studies regarding using Yoga based on prayer movements to train children’s self-control and other abilities from an early age. The drawback of this study is that it did not conduct a practical test due to time constraints. Practical implications – This research produces Yoga products based on prayer movements. Teachers and parents can use it to train children’s self-control from childhood. So that the results of developing this product can be helpful, and other schools can practice it in training children’s self-control or other abilities after the pandemic that hit the world. Originality/value – The development of Yoga based on prayer movements can train the self-control abilities of early childhood. Researchers recommend using prayer movement-based yoga in kindergartens to train children’s self-control. Paper type Research paper

영화 활용 부모교육 프로그램 개발을 위한 요구 분석

Objectives This study is a basis for developing a parent education program for fathers with early children using movies by identifying fathers with early childhood children's parenting experiences, views on parent education programs, and specific needs such as movies, discussions, and family-linked activities. for use as a resource.&#x0D; Methods For fathers with children in infancy, a questionnaire was prepared to ask about the awareness and experience of child rearing and father education, and the development needs of parent education programs for fathers, and a preliminary survey was conducted on 10 fathers, followed by the main survey. Questionnaires were distributed to fathers of children aged 3 to 5 years through internet questionnaires and 3 kindergartens located in Gyeonggi-do. A total of 254 fathers were included in the study, excluding 13 incorrect copies out of 267 returned questionnaires. Data analysis method was descriptive statistics-frequency analysis using SPSS 26.&#x0D; Results Looking at the results according to the research question, fathers with children in infancy had a high will to participate in childrearing, but felt various difficulties such as lack of time and did not have enough time to actually participate in childrearing. Fathers are aware of the need for father education, but the rate of actual participation in education is low. For the father education program, they preferred blended education and online education to offline education, and wanted a program that utilized various teaching methods as well as lectures and games. As for specific teaching methods, interest in movies, father talk (discussion), and consulting was high in both online and offline education, and in particular, demand for teaching methods that reflect on and empathize with movies following the general lectures was high in online education. As for the training time, they mainly wanted 30 minutes to 1 hour and 1 hour to 1 hour and 30 minutes, and the average number of training sessions was 4.4 times.&#x0D; Conclusions Due to COVID-19, which lasted for the last 2-3 years, father education at education/nursing institutions could not be conducted, and as a result, fathers' experience of participating in parent education was low. Therefore, stable operation and accessibility of father education are needed, and online education can be a suitable alternative to this situation, and fathers also prefer blended education or online education. Fathers are requesting various methods beyond the existing lecture or play-oriented education methods. As one of these alternatives, fathers are very interested in education using movies and recognize that it is particularly useful online. It is necessary to improve the participation rate through various methods, such as using online education for fathers who do not have enough time and visiting father education, while expanding the range of choices that fathers can choose regarding the time of education. Finally, the results of this study are meaningful as basic data for the development of a parent education program for fathers with children in infancy using movies.