Hyperactive Children Research Articles

A Research on the General Knowledge of Pastry Chefs About Food Colorings and Their Awareness of Reading Labels

Food colorings are substances commonly used to increase the desire to eat by making the appearance of the food more attractive. This study aims to determine the general knowledge of pastry chefs about food colorings and their perception of label reading awareness. For this purpose, field research and focus group interviews were used, and content analysis was applied to the research data. With the focus group interview data analysis, we determined the awareness of pastry chefs towards synthetic food colorings under two main headings (understanding the health effects of synthetic food colorings and food labels reading habit) and two sub-headings. We examined the food colorings used in many boutique pastry products, and, as a result, we observed that the food colorings that are common in the sector are synthetic. In addition, food colorings have been proven to cause behavioral disorders such as sleeping problems and hyperactivity in children, and some food coloring brands also state this information on their labels. As a result of our focus interviews with five pastry chefs who use synthetic food coloring directly in their workplaces, we observed that the knowledge on synthetic food coloring causes behavioral disorders in children is not very common among pastry chefs. We also determined that pastry chefs do not consider the health warnings on food coloring labels. In conclusion, the general knowledge of pastry chefs about food colorings and their awareness of label reading is insufficient.

Nave Bayes Classifier Method Expert System for Diagnosis of Attention Disorders and Hyperactivity in Children

ADHD, also known as Attention Deficit Disorder and Hyperactivity in Indonesian, is a psychiatric condition that makes sufferers less able to focus and more prone to excessive activity or being unable to sit still than average persons. Many people are still unaware that if a youngster exhibits excessive behavior and has poor concentration, the child may have ADHD. Even if these symptoms have manifested, many parents choose to ignore them due to the high expense and distance required to see a doctor; therefore, a professional system is required to identify the sickness. The system's creation aims to make it simpler to diagnose diseases so that they can be stopped before they start and their symptoms can be treated. The technique makes use of the MySQL database, PHP programming language, and NBC (Naive Bayes Classifier). Black box testing of a system. By showing the percentage of symptoms, Nave Bayes values, and disease solutions, the results provide an expert system for diagnosing ADHD in kids using the Naive Bayes approach.

Dissociative Absorption May Contribute to Internet Gaming Disorder Independent of Childhood Trauma and ADHD Symptoms Among Male University Students.

We aimed to investigate the relationship between childhood trauma, dissociative experiences, and internet gaming disorder in male university students with probable attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder determined by both childhood and current attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Volunteers were 376 university students who completed a test battery that included a sociodemographic form as well as the Adult ADHD Severity Rating Scale, Wender Utah Rating Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Dissociative Experiences Scale, Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire, and Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form. Volunteers were divided into 2 groups as with and without probable attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder D based on both childhood and current attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (t=-3.94; P < .01), Dissociative Experiences Scale (t=-5.97; P < .01), Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (t=-3.80; P < .01), and Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (t=-5.21; P < .01) scores were significantly higher in the group with probable attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder than in those without. Two different hierarchical regression analysis models in which internet gaming disorder scores were dependent variables showed that dissociative experiences in first model (β=0.15, t=2.28, P = .023) and dissociative absorption in second model (β=0.22, t=2.76, P = .006) were associated with internet gaming disorder after controlling for childhood trauma and attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Dissociative absorption may contribute to internet gaming disorder independent of childhood trauma and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms, however further studies are needed to investigate this claim.

PKM Edukasi Spiritual Bagi Orang Tua Murid Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK) Menggunakan Alat Permainan Edukatif

Rumah autis Depok is a Social Welfare Institution that manages schools and therapy for children with special needs, especially for orphans and poor people. Learning during the pandemic is done through a home program. During learning at home, parents experience difficulties due to lack of knowledge and skills in educating children with special needs, so that learning becomes less effective. Changes in behavior occur in Children with Special Needs (ABK), for example being hyperactive or lack of motivation to learn. The spiritual approach is one of the learning methods for children with special needs that can be implemented to provide calm and reduce hyperactivity in children. Based on the analysis of the situation, the DKI Jakarta PKP Health and Technology Institute (IKTJ) provides community service through spiritual education activities for teachers and parents using educational games to meet the spiritual needs of children with special needs. The purpose of providing spiritual education to teachers and parents is to increase the knowledge and skills of parents in educating children to meet the spiritual needs of children with special needs. The method of carrying out activities is the lecture method and online discussion via zoom meet. Evaluation of activities was carried out using a questionnaire to participants. The results of the evaluation showed that there was an increase in parents' knowledge about spiritual aspects. The output of the activity, namely the PKM activity video for spiritual education for children with special needs, has been uploaded to YouTube.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of greentherapy on discretion and executive functions in hyperactive children

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of green therapy on the decision-making power and executive functions of hyperactive children. Materials and methods: This study was conducted as a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population included all 7-9-year-old hyperactive students living in Tehran in the academic year 2021-2022. Based on the objectives of the research, 31 hyperactive children were selected by available sampling method and using Connors test, and they were randomly divided into two experimental groups (15) and control group (16). Then they were evaluated by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test (CANTAB). Parents of experimental group members were trained. Children also received the intervention for 14 sessions of 60 minutes (2 sessions per week), while the control group did not benefit from this intervention during the research process. After completing the treatment sessions, both groups underwent a post-test. After data collection, data analysis was done by statistical analysis of covariance using SPSS21 software package. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the post-test and pre-test scores of the experimental group compared to the control group.

Lived Experiences of Mothers with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactive Children: A Phenomenological Approach

Background: This study aimed to investigate the lived experiences of mothers with attention-deficit/ hyperactive children. Methods: The present qualitative descriptive study was conducted based on a phenomenological approach that investigated the experiences of primary caregivers of attention-deficit/ hyperactive children. The population of the study included mothers of attention-deficit/hyperactive primary school students in Tabriz. A total of 13 children were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face, in-depth, and semi-structured interviews with participants. The interviews were conducted in schools and the Hasti Counseling Center. Moreover, Smith’s cognitive phenomenological method was used to analyze the data. Results: The analysis of the data revealed 4 main themes and 25 subthemes including emotional responses (depression, loneliness, anger and rage, embarrassment, desire to have a calm child, stress, confusion, remorse, regret, frustration, anxiety and dread), behavioral responses (self-blame, frequent crying, shouting, aggression, trying to control oneself), physical responses (palpitation, feeling hot water drops on one’s head), and cognitive responses (feeling inhuman, isolation, feeling guilty, embarrassed, and blameful, problems in pregnancy, insanity, feeling hyperactive due to inability to control oneself, feeling accused of lying). Conclusion: The results of this study will pave the way for further research in the field of mental health interventions for mothers of attention-deficit/hyperactive children. Accordingly, it is essential to design and evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy interventions that can cover various dimensions of the problems of this group of mothers.

Inattention and hyperactivity in children and adolescents with repaired D-transposition of the great arteries: Prevalence, perioperative risk factors, and clinical outcomes.

ObjectiveThe present study objectives were to determine the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms (ADHD-like symptoms) in children and adolescent with d-transposition of great artery (D-TGA) after arterial switch operation (ASO) and examine associated risk factors and adverse personal, family dysfunctions.MethodsThis cohort study included 103 patients with D-TGA who underwent ASO in early infancy at Shanghai Children’s Medical Center between 2011 and 2016 and then follow-up. Data analysis was conducted from September 2020 to April 2022. A standardized Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV (SNAP-IV) questionnaire is used to evaluate inattention and hyperactivity symptoms. Demographic, preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factor were collected. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsPrevalence of ADHD-like symptoms was 27.18% (28/103). Attention-deficit (18/28, 64.29%) symptom was the predominant subphenotype. After underwent TGA surgery, 39% of patients with ADHD-like symptoms receive remedial special academic services. There is none had repeated grade. Univariate analysis showed that, positive inotropic drug score (P = 0.03) and delayed sternal closure (P = 0.02) were risk factors of ADHD-like symptoms; increased preoperative oxygen saturation (SpO2) (P = 0.01) and surgical height (P = 0.01) and TGA subtype (VSD) (P = 0.02) were protective factor of ADHD-like symptoms. Multivariable analysis showed that delayed sternal closure (DSC) (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.02–2.18) is a risk factor for the occurrence of ADHD-like symptom while increased preoperative oxygen saturation [odds ratio (OR), 0.95; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.92–0.99] is a protective factor of ADHD-like symptom.ConclusionThe children and adolescents with D-TGA after ASO were at high risk of ADHD-like symptoms. Preoperative hypoxic status and postoperative DSC became predominant risk factors. Modification of the risk factors may be helpful to relieve ADHD-like symptoms for these patients.

Screening for inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity in children with haemophilia: A quality improvement intervention.

Children with haemophilia have been reported with increased rates of inattention (IN) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) and, therefore, are particularly vulnerable to poor social and academic outcomes. To examine the benefit of utilizing a formal screening process for IN/HI in children with haemophilia during comprehensive clinic visits using a quality improvement approach. At a single haemophilia treatment centre, screening for psychosocial issues was expanded and formalised to include (1) the Conners 3rd Edition (Conners3) screening tool for IN/HI symptoms administered during the standard psychosocial assessment (SPA) by the social worker and school advocacy coordinator, (2) formal pathways to diagnosis and intervention as indicated including psychology consultation, psychological testing, or referral to community-based mental health professionals, and in-person advocacy assistance in the patient's community school. Forty-four patients, age 9.9±4.8 years (range 3-16) were targeted. The initial screening approach was modified to improve the communication with caretakers during assessments and streamline diagnostic pathways if no, moderate or significant behavioural concerns were identified. Eleven patients had pre-existing mental health diagnoses. Thirteen of the remaining 33 patients (39.4%) received a new mental health diagnosis, ADHD in 8/33 (24.2%). Of the total cohort, 54.5% were found to have a mental health diagnosis. The rate of ADHD (29.5%) was significantly higher than reported in the general population. The described process, developed through a QI approach, allowed formal and objective screening for IN/HI, streamlined a pathway to diagnosis and intervention, and identified undiagnosed disabilities in children with haemophilia improving their access to services.

Invited discussant comments during the UCL-Penn Global Covid Study webinar 'Family Life: Stress, Relationship Conflict and Child Adjustment'.

The main objective of this article is to comment on the findings presented during the UCL-Penn Global Covid Study webinar, 'Family Life: Stress, Relationship Conflict and Child Adjustment' by Portnoy and colleagues. The study examined the ways in which family stress conflict has been affected by the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic. Informed by the transactional models of parent-child behaviour, the authors are specifically interested in exploring the effect of child adjustment on parental outcomes. The study, currently under consideration for publication, found that child emotional and conduct problems predicted changes in parental depression and stress during the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic. Child hyperactivity predicted parental stress, but not depression. None of the child behaviour problems (emotional problems, conduct problems and hyperactivity) predicted parental relational conflict. This article discusses reasons why the study under consideration did not find a significant effect on relational conflict and posts questions that can be addressed in future studies.

Fetal Exposure to Air Pollution in Late Pregnancy Significantly Increases ADHD-Risk Behavior in Early Childhood.

Background: Air pollution nowadays has seriously threatened the health of the Chinese population, especially in the vulnerable groups of fetuses, infants and toddlers. In particular, the effects of air pollution on children’s neurobehavioral development have attracted widespread attention. Moreover, the early detection of a sensitive period is very important for the precise intervention of the disease. However, such studies focusing on hyperactive behaviors and susceptible window identification are currently lacking in China. Objectives: The study aims to explore the correlation between air pollution exposure and hyperactive behaviors during the early life stage and attempt to identify whether a susceptible exposure window exists that is crucial for further precise intervention. Methods: Based on the Longhua Child Cohort Study, we collected the basic information and hyperactivity index of 26,052 children using a questionnaire conducted from 2015 to 2017, and the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-revised (CPRS-48) was used to assess hyperactive behaviors. Moreover, the data of air pollution concentration (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, CO, O3 and SO2) were collected from the monitoring station between 2011 to 2017, and a land-use random forest model was used to evaluate the exposure level of each subject. Furthermore, Distributed lag non-linear models (DLNMs) were applied for statistic analysis. Results: The risk of child hyperactivity was found to be positively associated with early life exposure to PM10, PM2.5 and NO2. In particular, for an increase of per 10 µg/m3 in PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 exposure concentration during early life, the risk of child hyperactivity increased significantly during the seventh month of pregnancy to the fourth month after birth, with the strongest association in the ninth month of pregnancy (PM10: OR = 1.043, 95% CI: 1.016–1.071; PM2.5: OR = 1.062, 95% CI: 1.024–1.102; NO2: OR = 1.043, 95% CI: 1.016–1.071). However, no significant associations among early life exposure to CO, O3 and SO2 and child hyperactive behaviors were observed. Conclusions: Early life exposure to PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 is associated with an increased risk of child ADHD-like behaviors at the age around 3 years, and the late-prenatal and early postnatal periods might be the susceptible exposure windows.

Effectiveness of Clinic-Based Brief Behavioral Intervention (BBI) in Long-term Reduction of ADHD Symptoms Among Preschoolers.

Preschoolers commonly experience symptoms of ADHD and disruptive behavior problems. Behavioral parent management training (PMT) is an evidence-based intervention for addressing both ADHD and disruptive behaviors in this population; however, many PMT programs are burdensome in length and have limited data regarding long-term effectiveness for ADHD specific outcomes. This study examined outcomes up to 1year following completion of a brief behavioral intervention (M = 6.51 sessions) for preschoolers. Participants were children aged 2-6years with clinically significant disruptive behaviors and their parents. Results demonstrated significant improvements in parent-reported child hyperactivity and inattention from pre-to-post intervention, with sustained improvement at 6months and 1year post intervention. Teacher-reported hyperactivity and inattention also showed significant improvements from pre-to-post intervention, which were maintained across time points. These results were also found among a subset of participants with clinically significant ADHD symptoms at baseline. This study highlights the long-term effectiveness of a brief PMT program to address symptoms of ADHD and disruptive behaviors in preschoolers. Findings support the recommendation to offer PMT as a first-line intervention for preschoolers with ADHD symptoms to reduce the need for early intervention with stimulant medication and address comorbid disruptive behaviors.

Maternal sleep disturbances during late pregnancy and child neuropsychological and behavioral development in early childhood.

The present study aims to explore the association of maternal sleep disturbances during late pregnancy on child neuropsychological and behavioral development in preschool years. The study included 638 mother-child pairs from the prospective Rhea mother-child cohort in Crete, Greece. Information on antenatal sleep disturbances was collected through a computer-assisted interview. Children's neuropsychological and behavioral development was assessed using the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA), the Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Test (ADHDT), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Multivariate analysis showed that maternal sleep duration less than 8h was associated with reduced scores in the general cognitive scale (β = -2.28, 95% CI -4.54, -0.02, R2 = 0.417) and memory span (β = -3.24, 95% CI -5.72, -0.77, R2 = 0.304), while mild-severe daytime sleepiness was associated with reduced scores in the memory scale (β = -5.42, 95% CI -10.47, -0.37, R2 = 0.304), memory span (β = -5.44, 95% CI -10.68, -0.21, R2 = 0.304), nd functions of posterior cortex (β = -5.55, 95% CI -10.40, -0.70, R2 = 0.393) of MSCA. Snoring in late pregnancy was related to higher child hyperactivity scores in SDQ (β = 1.05, 95% CI 0.16, 1.95, R2 = 0.160). An interaction between child sex and maternal sleep duration in response to ADHD symptoms was also found (p for interaction < 0.05). Stratified analysis revealed increased hyperactivity, inattention, and ADHD total scores for girls of mothers with sleep duration less than 8h. Maternal sleep disturbances during pregnancy may be associated with impaired child neuropsychological and behavioral development during the preschool years. Early detection and intervention is necessary to reduce sleep disturbances habits in pregnancy and improve child neurodevelopment.

SOSIALISASI DAN EDUKASI KEPADA ORANG TUA TENTANG ANAK AKTIF DAN HIPERAKTIF USIA DIBAWAH 12 TAHUN DI DESA SUKA NEGRI

Children under the age of 12 are the active period of a child and the time for these children to be free to move and be active. Time to be free to play and free to enjoy playing with their peers. Active children are children who are free to move, always move without obstacles from all things, especially in terms of their motor system. Children who are active even though they do a lot of movement, they are still able to focus on what they are doing. Hyperactive children are children who have activity beyond the active limits of normal children in general. Please note that hyperactive children are very difficult to focus attention, even controlling their body movements is very difficult. Children who are classified as hyperactive tend to be called children who have disorders and even require special treatment or therapy to deal with them. And also to distinguish active and hyperactive children, it is necessary to have several procedures, cannot directly diagnose a child into the hyperactive child group. The method in this scientific process is the process of socialization and education. Here the author provides some material about active and hyperactive children as well as education on how to handle them. Parents who have children in Suka Negri village are able to understand what an active child is and what its characteristics are, as well as how to handle and distinguish between an active child and a hyperactive child

Doubtful Guests, Harassed Hosts, and the Golden Rule

Doubtful Guests, Harassed Hosts, and the Golden Rule

Differences in the genetic architecture of common and rare variants in childhood, persistent and late-diagnosed attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with onset in childhood (childhood ADHD); two-thirds of affected individuals continue to have ADHD in adulthood (persistent ADHD), and sometimes ADHD is diagnosed in adulthood (late-diagnosed ADHD). We evaluated genetic differences among childhood (n = 14,878), persistent (n = 1,473) and late-diagnosed (n = 6,961) ADHD cases alongside 38,303 controls, and rare variant differences in 7,650 ADHD cases and 8,649 controls. We identified four genome-wide significant loci for childhood ADHD and one for late-diagnosed ADHD. We found increased polygenic scores for ADHD in persistent ADHD compared with the other two groups. Childhood ADHD had higher genetic overlap with hyperactivity and autism compared with late-diagnosed ADHD and the highest burden of rare protein-truncating variants in evolutionarily constrained genes. Late-diagnosed ADHD had a larger genetic overlap with depression than childhood ADHD and no increased burden in rare protein-truncating variants. Overall, these results suggest a genetic influence on age at first ADHD diagnosis, persistence of ADHD and the different comorbidity patterns among the groups.

Direct and indirect effects from parenting self-efficacy and parenting practices to social-emotional adjustment in 3- to 5-year-old children

Parenting self-efficacy has been tied to myriad child outcomes during middle childhood and adolescence, directly and indirectly through parenting practices. The present study examines contemporaneous associations between parenting self-efficacy, parenting practices, and child outcomes during the preschool years in a community sample of 1455 Danish parents (76.7 % mothers) of 3–5-year-old children (49 % girls). Parents (M = 39.2 years old) completed a survey describing parenting self-efficacy and three facets of parenting practices: inductive reasoning, psychological control, and instrumental reward. Parents also described child adjustment in four domains: prosocial behavior, hyperactivity, conduct problems, and emotional problems. Results revealed direct concurrent associations between parenting self-efficacy and each child outcome, with greater efficacy tied to more prosocial behavior and less hyperactivity, conduct problems, and emotional problems. Parent psychological control mediated associations from parenting self-efficacy to child hyperactivity, conduct problems, and emotional problems. Inductive reasoning mediated associations from parenting self-efficacy to child prosocial behavior. Consistent with previous findings from older children, parental use of psychological control had debilitating consequences for preschool children. Inductive reasoning, in contrast, appeared to promote positive development.

Childhood symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and borderline personality disorder.

Childhood attention-deficit /hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is known to be associated with adult Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). We investigated if any of the subdimensions of childhood ADHD, that is, impulsivity, inattention, or hyperactivity was more prominent in this association. In a nation-wide cohort (N= 13,330), we utilized parent reported symptoms of childhood ADHD and clinically ascertained adult BPD diagnoses. The summed total scores of ADHD symptoms and its three subdimensions were used and standardized for effect size comparison. Associations were analyzed using Cox regression with sex and birth-year adjustments. Secondary outcomes were BPD-associated traits (i.e., self-harm and substance use) analyzed using logistic- and linear regression respectively. ADHD symptom severity was positively associated with BPD with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.47 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-1.79) per standard deviation increase in total ADHD symptoms. Impulsivity was the most prominent subdimension with the only statistically significant association when analyzed in a model mutually adjusted for all ADHD subdimensions-HR for inattention: 1.15 (95% CI: 0.85-1.55), hyperactivity: 0.94 (95% CI: 0.69-1.26), impulsivity: 1.46 (95% CI: 1.12-1.91). In secondary analyses, weak positive associations were seen between total ADHD symptom score and self-harm and substance use. In analyses by subdimensions of ADHD, associations were weak and most prominent for inattention in the model with self-harm. Childhood ADHD symptoms were associated with subsequent development of BPD diagnosis and appeared to be driven primarily by impulsivity. Our findings are important for understanding the association between childhood symptoms of ADHD and subsequent BPD.

Relationship between sleep disorders and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder in children.

ObjectiveTo explore the correlation between sleep disorders and attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children.MethodsWe studied 100 Chinese children (70 boys and 30 girls; mean age, 8.77 ± 2.39 years). Parents completed the Children's Sleep Disturbance Scale (SDSC) and the Swanson Nolan and Pelham Version IV Scale (SNAP-IV) questionnaires. SNAP-IV and SDSC scores were compared in children with and without sleep disorders and ADHD.ResultsThere were significant differences in SDSC scores, Arousal Disorder (AD) scores, and Sleep Breathing Disorder (SBD) scores between children with and without ADHD (P < 0.05). The sleep disorder group had higher SNAP-IV scores than the non-sleep disorder group (P < 0.05). Children with sleep disorders showed higher ADHD symptom values (inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and oppositional defiance) than children without sleep disorders (P < 0.01). There was a moderate correlation between SDSC scores and SNAP-IV scores (r = 0.486, P < 0.05). Using SNAP-IV scores as the dependent variable, multiple linear regression analysis was applied, and a statistically significant effect of AD and Sleep–Wake Transition Disorder (SWTD) scores on SNAP-IV scores was found (P < 0.05). The area under the curve (95% CI) of the SDSC score for predicting sleep disorders with ADHD was 0.714 (0.606, 0.821; P = 0.0005).ConclusionChildren with ADHD are prone to sleep disorders. The higher the ADHD symptom score, the more sleeping problems. Sleep disorders can also cause or exacerbate ADHD symptoms, and the ADHD symptom score correlates with sleep disorder severity. We can reduce the severity of attention-deficit–hyperactivity in children with ADHD by improving their sleep with behavioral sleep interventions.

Play Therapy Modified Ludo Games Decreasing Hyperactivity, Impulsivity, And Inattention In Children With Attention Deficit And Hiperactivity Disorder

Background: Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder experienced by children with characteristics including hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and inattention things that affect the occupational performance of children in their activities. Occupational therapy play a role in handling ADHD children through play therapy methods. One of the children's games that have therapeutic value is the modified ludo game. Modified ludo game can be applied to decreasing symptom ADHD. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of modified ludo game on hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention in children with ADHD.&#x0D; Methods: Quantitative with pre-experimental research design, one group pretest-posttest with a sample size of 36 children with ADHD in RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogjakarta. The sampling technique was purposive sampling, inclusion criteria: being able to understand simple commands, aged 3 - 6 years old, no motor impairment and able to move. The time of study was carried out in 2020-2021. Three rules modified ludo games models are provided in each session. The measuring instrument use ADHD rating scale that is valid and reliable. The data analysis method uses a paired sample t-test. &#x0D; Results: Paired sample t-test results showed that p-value &lt; 0.05. Play therapy modified ludo games intervention have a possitive and significant effect on hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention in children with ADHD (ρ = 0.001). &#x0D; Conclusion: Play therapy modified ludo games has an effect on decreasing hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention in children with ADHD, so it’s recommended as an alternative game for occupational therapy for ADHD children.

Role-Playing Therapy in Handling Hyperactive Children

This study aims to determine the results of the attitude of hyperactive children through the method of role-playing in the classroom. Children with hyperactivity disorder are very annoying to their friends in class. This hyperactive child's behaviour is complicated to regulate, primarily when learning occurs. This hyperactive child often causes trouble, disturbs his friends, paces in class, rarely does assignments, is spoiled, and screams as he likes. The method used is qualitative research with observation techniques, interview techniques, and documentation. The subjects studied were several students who behaved hyperactively in a class with many 20 students from group B. This research took place at RA Masyitoh VII Pandean, Paiton District, Probolinggo Regency. The research begins with the planning stage, implementation of research in the field, and research reports. This study indicates that the behaviour of hyperactive students often annoys other friends, do not want to be regulated, often go back and forth in class, usually leave class when learning begins, rarely do assignments, and are spoiled. Teach children to learn while playing in class. Because playing is a child's world, every child is happy to do this activity. One of the play activities that children often do is role-playing.