Child Guidance Research Articles

Child guidance centres in Japan: Alternative care, social work, and the family

Child guidance centres in Japan: Alternative care, social work, and the family

유치원 교사와 어린이집 교사의 아토피 피부염 유아에 대한 인식과 지식 및 관리수준

Objectives This study aimed to determine the variation in the level of awareness and knowledge of young children with atopic dermatitis in kindergarten and nursery teachers and give basic data to support preschoolers in a healthy living environment. Methods A survey was conducted in 250 incumbent teachers at early childhood education centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province; then, with the exception of insincerely completed questionnaires, 226 copies went through frequency analysis, t-test, and one-way ANOVA using an SPSS 26.0 program. Results The main results of this study are as follows: First, both kindergarten and nursery teachers were poorly aware of young children with atopic dermatitis; both types of centers had homeroom teachers mostly take charge of guidance and management of young children with atopic dermatitis and generally accepted their parents' needs and wanted them to be trained and supported by external professionals. Second, kindergarten teachers had a be-low-average level of knowledge of young children with atopic dermatitis and an above-average level of relevant management. For nursery teachers, the knowledge was at the above-average level and the management was at a high level. Third, as for the differences in the level of knowledge and management of young children with atopic dermatitis between kindergarten and nursery teachers, both variables were at a higher level for the latter. Conclusions It is necessary to expand the target population of research into kindergarten-related infrastructures as well as nurseries and give teacher education about atopic dermatitis in diverse ways so that young children with atopic dermatitis can get positive support in a healthier environment.

Sensory Reactivity Through the Lived Experiences of Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Exploratory Phenomenological Qualitative Study

Background: The current sensory assessment measures for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have issues related to cultural and clinical applicability, which makes them difficult to apply in the Indian context consistently. The current study aimed to explore locally relevant themes for sensory reactivity in children with ASD. Methods: This exploratory phenomenological qualitative study was carried out on 15 parents of children with ASD visiting the child guidance clinic. An in-depth interview (IDI) guide was prepared on the conceptual framework based on Dunn, as well as, Miller’s models, which was then further refined based upon the inputs from the experts (psychiatrists, child psychologists, speech-language pathologists, and occupational therapists) working with children with ASD. IDIs were conducted with parents of children with ASD. The data was recorded in audio and video format. It was transcribed and translated from Hindi to English. Coding was done manually, and themes were extracted. Results: The findings identified four superordinate themes: sensory hyperreactivity, sensory hyporeactivity, sensory seeking, and socio-emotional response. Conclusion: The lived experience of parents aids in identifying and describing dimensions of sensory reactivity in children with ASD. It will help further in developing a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of sensory reactivity in children with ASD.

Parental non-involvement strategy for handling sibling conflict on social avoidance in migrant children: Chain mediation of sibling conflict and parent-child conflict.

In the process of urbanization, the social adaptation of migrant children has become an important issue in their development. This study adopts family systems theory and ecological systems theory to examine the effects of parental non-involvement strategies in handling sibling conflict on migrant children's social avoidance. It also investigates the mediating role of sibling conflict and parent-child conflict. The results of the study, reported by parents of 253 mobile children with siblings, suggest that parental strategies of not intervening in sibling conflict are an important factor influencing the development of social avoidance in mobile children. The Parental strategy of not intervening in sibling conflict had an effect on migrant children's social avoidance through the separate mediating effect of parent-child conflict, and also through the chained mediating effect of sibling conflict and parent-child conflict. The study also found that the separate mediating effect of sibling conflict was not significant. This study contributes to the research on the relationship between parental non-intervention in sibling conflict and migrant children's social avoidance. It also highlights the impact of sibling conflict and parent-child conflict on migrant children's social avoidance by establishing and validating a comprehensive research model. The results of the study can help parents establish close parent-child relationships for migrant children and provide scientific guidance for children to develop positive sibling relationships. This, in turn, can assist migrant children in better adapting to a new social environment.

Pengaruh Peranan Orang Tua dan Motivasi Belajar Siswa terhadap Hasil Belajar Mata Pelajaran Pai Siswa Kelas VII di SMP Islam Al-Qudwah Cibinong Bogor

This research was conducted to answer problems, first, what is the role of parents in learning outcomes. second, what is the student's learning motivation in PAI subjects, Research uses quantitative descriptive, namely the method used to research certain populations and samples, data collection uses research instruments, data analysis is quantitative/statistical, with the aim of testing predetermined hypotheses, based on The results of the analysis show firstly that the influence of the role of parents on student learning outcomes is 0.368 (36.8%). This means that the parental role variable (X1) has a significant and positive effect on the student learning outcome variable (Y). second. The influence of student learning motivation on student learning outcomes is 0.436 (43.6%). This means that the student learning motivation variable (X2) has a significant and positive effect on the student learning outcome variable (Y). Third, the coefficient of determination (R square) is 0.241 or 24.1%. This means that it can be concluded that 24.1% of student learning outcomes are determined by the role of parents and student learning motivation, while the remaining 75.9% is influenced by variance in other variables not explained in this research. Based on these findings, it is recommended that schools should pay more attention to parents by always socializing to encourage parents to continue and increase their attention to the motivation of children's learning activities, both in terms of providing guidance, advice, encouragement, supervision, and equipment for children's learning facilities, as well as fostering a harmonious relationship with their children, so that children will be motivated and can improve their learning outcomes, which in the end will result in satisfactory learning outcomes that meet expectations.

A deep learning system for myopia onset prediction and intervention effectiveness evaluation in children

The increasing prevalence of myopia worldwide presents a significant public health challenge. A key strategy to combat myopia is with early detection and prediction in children as such examination allows for effective intervention using readily accessible imaging technique. To this end, we introduced DeepMyopia, an artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled decision support system to detect and predict myopia onset and facilitate targeted interventions for children at risk using routine retinal fundus images. Based on deep learning architecture, DeepMyopia had been trained and internally validated on a large cohort of retinal fundus images (n = 1,638,315) and then externally tested on datasets from seven sites in China (n = 22,060). Our results demonstrated robustness of DeepMyopia, with AUCs of 0.908, 0.813, and 0.810 for 1-, 2-, and 3-year myopia onset prediction with the internal test set, and AUCs of 0.796, 0.808, and 0.767 with the external test set. DeepMyopia also effectively stratified children into low- and high-risk groups (p < 0.001) in both test sets. In an emulated randomized controlled trial (eRCT) on the Shanghai outdoor cohort (n = 3303) where DeepMyopia showed effectiveness in myopia prevention compared to NonCyc-based model, with an adjusted relative reduction (ARR) of −17.8%, 95% CI: −29.4%, −6.4%. DeepMyopia-assisted interventions attained quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.53, 1.04) per person and avoided blindness years of 13.54 (95% CI: 9.57, 18.83) per 1 million persons compared to natural lifestyle with no active intervention. Our findings demonstrated DeepMyopia as a reliable and efficient AI-based decision support system for intervention guidance for children.

Kerjasama Guru Dan Orang Tua Dalam Menangani Anak yang Masih Ditunggu Pada Jam Belajar di PAUD Harapan ORANG TUA DALAM MENANGANI ANAK YANG MASIH DITUNGGU PADA JAM BELAJAR DI PAUD HARAPAN KITA DI DESA SAING RAMBI TAHUN PELAJARAN 2021-2022

This research has three research objectives, including the following: First, to find out the characteristics of children who are still waiting for learning hours at PAUD Harapan Kita in Saing Rambi Village for the 2021-2022 Student Year. Second, to find out how teachers and parents collaborate in dealing with children who are still waiting for hours at PAUD Harapan Kita in Saing Rambi Village for the 2021-2022 Student Year. Third, to find out what the implications or results of collaboration between teachers and parents are in dealing with children who are still waiting for hours at PAUD Harapan Kita in Saing Rambi Village for the 2021-2022 Student Year. The research uses a qualitative approach while this type of research is phenomenological research. There are three types of data collection techniques in this research, namely: Interview, Observation and Documentation. Meanwhile, the data analysis techniques used are data collection, data reduction, data display, drawing conclusions and verification. Then the data validity checking techniques used are triangulation (source triangulation) and member check. Research result. First, cooperation between teachers and parents in handling children who are still waiting for learning hours at PAUD Harapan Kita Saing Rambi Village for the 2021-2022 academic year. Collaboration between teachers and parents is important in the child's growth and development process, so good cooperation is very helpful for children, especially children who are still experiencing problems or obstacles to learning at school. Second, a form of cooperation between teachers and parents in dealing with children who are still waiting for learning hours at PAUD Harapan Kita Saing Rambi Village for the 2021-2022 academic year. Consists of several, namely: 1) Parenting, 2) Communication, 3) Volunteering, 4) Parental involvement in children's learning at home, 5) Decision making, 6) Collaboration with community groups. Third, the implications or results of collaboration between teachers and parents in dealing with children who are still awaited during learning hours at PAUD Harapan Kita Saing Rambi Village for the 2021-2022 academic year. Providing guidance and motivation for children's learning, providing stimulus to children wholeheartedly with love and helping children learn, play and interact with their classmates

‘Cameras and young people belong together’: Camera Comics (1944-46) as an imaginative, ideological and commercial space for addressing and depicting American child photographers

ABSTRACT In 1944, U. S. Camera Company, the force behind one of the largest circulation photography magazines, launched Camera Comics for children. At the heart of every ten-cent issue was Kid Click, a teenage “shutterbug” whose camera helped him overcome bullies at summer camp, to uncover Nazi spy rings, and to bring armed robbers to justice. The character provided a neat segue to the rotogravure illustrated and textual pages of Camera Comics that offered photographic guidance for children, including tips for building camera gadgets at home and winning school competitions. Photographs by “typical American boys” – real-life Kid Clicks – abutted camera advertisements aimed at the same. Camera Comics imagined and addressed US child photographers via a distinctive set of gendered and nationalistic narratives, offering an illuminating comic-themed case study in a much wider and longer story of how cultural expectations of cameras and children have been ideologically constructed to intersect. This article offers a close reading of the extant nine issues of the comic and a comparison with parallel issues of U. S. Camera magazine, along with other primary sources that aligned children with photography in the period. These are contextualised with secondary literature on comics, photographic history, and childhood studies. Ultimately, the article argues that Camera Comics offers a highly productive space for surveying cultural expectations made of children in mid-century USA, and especially the conflicting moral attributes applied to different media forms and tools directed at children as cultural consumers and producers.

Preparing early educators for the current context of social emotional learning: A content analysis of course descriptions

Despite the well-established need for teacher preparation in child guidance and social emotional learning, studies have found a lack of robust course offerings in these areas. Further, the United States context for children’s social emotional development is changing due to the global pandemic, racial unrest, and increased gun violence. The National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) has put forth updated teacher competencies to address the changing context as well as new research on early learning. However, little is known about how teacher education programs have implemented the updated guidelines around teacher competencies. For this journal article, we systematically examined 314 early childhood education programs of study from U.S. universities. We share a content analysis of 237 course descriptions from courses dedicated to children’s social emotional learning. We found 26% of programs require no course on social emotional learning. We also identifed the four most and three least represented competencies around social emotional learning. Our content analysis reveals that behaviorist theory is predominant in the design of courses and sociocultural influences are under-represented. We provide implications for regularly updating course descriptions to address the needs of children and families in the ever-changing context of education.

Prader-Willi syndrome: guidance for children and transition into adulthood.

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare orphan disease and complex genetic neurodevelopmental disorder, with a birth incidence of approximately 1 in 10,000-30,000. Management of people with PWS requires a multi-disciplinary approach, ideally through a multi-disciplinary team (MDT) clinic with community support. Hypotonia, poor feeding and faltering growth are characteristic features in the neonatal period, followed by hyperphagia and risk of rapid weight gain later in childhood. Children and adolescents (CA) with PWS usually display developmental delay and mild learning disability and can develop endocrinopathies, scoliosis, respiratory difficulties (both central and obstructive sleep apnoea), challenging behaviours, skin picking, and mental health issues, especially into adulthood. This consensus statement is intended to be a reference document for clinicians managing children and adolescents (up to 18 years of age) with PWS. It considers the bio-psycho-social domains of diagnosis, clinical assessment, and management in the paediatric setting as well as during and after transition to adult services. The guidance has been developed from information gathered from peer-reviewed scientific reports and from the expertise of a range of experienced clinicians in the United Kingdom and Ireland involved in the care of patients with PWS.

Dental caries prevalence in children during temporary protective care according to type of abuse

BackgroundThis study investigated the correlation between the prevalence of dental caries and the presence and type of abuse.MethodsParticipants were 534 children admitted for care at two child guidance centers (CGCs) in Niigata, Japan. Data pertaining to abuse, including the reason for temporary protective care and the type of abuse, and the oral examination results of the children, were collected. These results were then compared with those of a national survey and analyzed in relation to the presence and type of abuse.ResultsThe odds ratio for decayed teeth was 4.1, indicating a higher risk in children admitted to the CGCs. However, no significant association was found between the presence of decayed, filled, or caries-experienced teeth and the presence of abuse. A significant positive association was observed between dental caries and one type of abuse, indicating a greater prevalence of dental caries in cases of neglect. The findings of this study suggest that the type of abuse, rather than its presence, is associated with dental caries.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that proactive support should be provided to children in problematic nurturing environments, regardless of whether they have been subjected to abuse.

MENTORING AS A FORM OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR CHILDREN LEFT WITHOUT PARENTAL CARE

Relevance. The loss of parental care like nothing else affects the psychological well-being of the child and can have detrimental consequences for their further social adaptation and self-realization in adulthood. The emergence of effective mechanisms for child&amp;apos;s social adaptation is the result of its productive interaction with a human social environment and an indispensable condition for successful socialization in society. The purpose of this study is to identify the influence of mentoring on the social and psychological adaptation of children left without parental care. Methodology. By means of theoretical analysis using the methodology of the systemic and cultural-historical approach, the article analyzes in detail the history of mentoring, its types and functions in working with children. Results. The paper proves that a child left without parental care faces a number of problems ( compensation for the level of mental deprivation, formation of basic trust in the world and gender-role identification, understanding ethical norms, and formation of relevant values), which negatively affect their ability to social adaptation. To solve them, she needs competent psychological support from adults. Mentoring is considered as an effective form of psychological support and guidance for children, which, by transforming and enriching itself in the processes of formation, has found due recognition in modern society and is widely used as a tool for the personal development of a person as a subject of activity. It is concluded that the psychological and pedagogical potential of mentoring should be used in the psychological support of children who were left without parental care due to military operations on the territory of Ukraine.

The socialization of visual attention: Training effects of verbal attention guidance in urban German children.

Verbal attention guidance is assumed to be an important cultural tool contributing to the development of culture-specific visual attention styles in childhood. We used a training approach to test whether verbal attention guidance in a 10 day app-based training that accentuates either analytic or holistic processing has the power to produce enduring effects on 6- to 7-year-old urban German children's (N = 42, 22 female, 20 male) attention in a picture description task, a single-choice recognition task and a change blindness task. Results indicate that verbal attention guidance is effective in influencing children's attention styles across indicators. These findings provide convergent evidence for the assumption that verbal attention guidance plays a central role in the long-term socialization of attention styles. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Prediction of the severity of child abuse using nationwide survey data from Child Guidance Centers in Japan: focus on infancy and preschool age

IntroductionThe present study conducted a secondary data analysis of a comprehensive survey from Child Guidance Centers in Japan to identify factors that are associated with child abuse severity in infancy (0–3 years, 1,868 cases) and preschool age (4–6 years, 1,529 cases). A predictive model for abuse severity was developed.MethodsThe data originated from a nationwide survey that was conducted in April 2013, consisting of details of abuse cases, including child characteristics, abuser attributes, and family situation. Abuse severity was assessed on a five-level scale (suspected, mild, moderate, severe, and life-threatening) that was converted into a binary outcome. Logistic regression analysis was used to create a predictive model using two-thirds of the data, which was validated with the remaining third of the data.Results and discussionAs a result, in infancy, risks of severity increased with younger age of the abused child, physical abuse, neglect, witnessing domestic violence, and the involvement of Child Guidance Centers or hospitals in detection. The abuser's mental problems and cumulative child damage contributed to severity. For preschool age, similar factors applied, with additional risks that included abuse overlap and guardian separation. Cumulative abuser issues and child physical damage impacted severity. Validation yielded moderate prediction accuracy (areas under the curve: 0.703 and 0.714).

February 2024 ACIP Meeting Update: Meningococcal, RSV, COVID-19, and Other Vaccines.

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, a group of medical and public health experts that provides advice to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, normally meets 3 times per year to develop US vaccine recommendations. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices met February 28 to 29, 2024, to discuss coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines, chikungunya vaccines, diphtheria-tetanus vaccine, influenza vaccines, polio vaccines, respiratory syncytial virus vaccines, meningococcal vaccines, pneumococcal vaccines, and Vaxelis (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Inactivated Poliovirus, Haemophilus influenzae b Conjugate, and Hepatitis B Vaccine). This update summarizes the proceedings of these meetings, with an emphasis on topics that are most relevant to the pediatric population. Major updates for pediatric clinicians include information about changes on influenza vaccine composition, meningococcal vaccination considerations, updated guidance for children with a contraindication to pertussis-containing vaccines, and recommendations of the world's first chikungunya vaccine for certain populations.

Meningkatkan Kemampuan Bertanya Anak Usia Dini melalui Eksperimen Sains di Kober Nurul Huda

The author's interest in using science experiments at Kober Nurul Huda to enhance young children's ability to ask questions drove this research. It highlights the significance of early childhood education (PGPAUD) as guidance for children from birth to six years of age, citing Law 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System. According to Montesori and other theories of education, children develop very quickly at this age in a number of areas. Nonetheless, Kober Nurul Huda observations revealed that the majority of kids were less engaged in asking questions, leading to the conclusion that kids' skills needed to be developed. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess how science experiments at Kober Nurul Huda affect young children's ability to ask questions and to enhance that ability in young children. 17 children participated in three research cycles using a classroom action research (PTK) approach, and data was gathered through observation, documentation sheets, and both quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The study's findings demonstrate that young children at Kober Nurul Huda have significantly improved their ability to ask questions, as evidenced by cycles II and III. This improvement is particularly evident in their capacity to ask questions without feeling uncomfortable. Therefore, it can be said that science experiments help young children in Kober Nurul Huda develop their ability to ask questions.

Epidemiological predictors of quality of life and the role of early markers in children with cerebral palsy: A multi-centric cross-sectional study

BackgroundMore than 100 million children in the world have at least one type of disability. Among disabled children, approximately 25% of chronic disabilities are of neurological origin. Cerebral Palsy is the leading cause of chronic disability in children, making them not only physically and mentally handicapped but also socially aloof. MethodsThis study was conducted among 200 eligible participants from three centers with Child Guidance or Cerebral Palsy clinics in the outpatient department. All the participants were included in the analysis of the epidemiological profile and the role of early markers. Of these, 70 participants were assessed for quality of life according to the age criteria of a pre-tested Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life questionnaire (CP-QOL). ResultsMean ± S.D. age in years was 3.7 ± 2.8. Birth history included 182 (39%) neonatal etiopathology, followed by 173 (38%) perinatal, and 106 (23%) antenatal causes. Mean ± S.D. birth weight was 2.3 ± 1.2 kg. The positive predictors of various domains of Quality of Life were an absence of any associated sensory, neurological, communication, or psychological disorder or disability. While, the negative predictors were decreasing functional capacity, involvement of number of limbs in increasing order, high therapeutic requirements, and dependency. ConclusionThe association between early diagnosis of cerebral palsy and improved functional capacity, involvement of a lesser number of limbs, better quality of life, and absence of associated disabilities is established from the findings of our study.

유아 성 행동에 대한 유치원 경력 교사의 인식, 경험과 요구 분석

Objectives In this research, by examining the perceptions, experiences, and needs of teachers with more than 3 years of experience regarding sexual behavior in children, we understand the application status of guidelines for managing and responding to sexual behavior (problems), find ways to operate them more effectively, and provide practical sexual behavior teacher education. It is intended to be used as basic data. Methods In order to find out the awareness, experience, and needs of experienced teachers regarding children's sexual behavior, 153 teachers who participated in the ‘Early childhood education Grade 1 Teacher Training’ in Gyeonggi-do for a total of 10 days starting January 2, 2024 were surveyed through an online survey with a total of 25 questions.The survey results were analyzed by calculating frequencies and percentages using SPSS 25, and in case of duplicate questions, rankings were calculated based on response frequency. Results Regarding whether they were aware of the difference between children's sexual behavior (problem) and the sexual behavior (problem) based on the main results of recognizing dolls related to play and guidance, the majority of teachers (45%) answered that they were at an average level, and that they considered children's sexual behavior as behavior. Thinking (54%) is the most common. Additionally, all teachers responded that children's sexual behavior (problems) and guidance are needed (100%). The main results regarding the instructor's experience related to infant sexual behavior (problems) and response and guidance include responses indicating that they have experience with infant sexual behavior (problems) (79.%) and response and guidance through consultation with families (20.8%). I think it got the most answers. The most common response was that families celebrate parties (45%) as the main form of recognition and need for educational support for play and guidance of children's sexual behavior (problems), and the most common response was that education was very helpful (52%). . Additionally, the most common need was for improvements in small environments and situations (31%) that represent response and guidance to children's sexual behavior (problems). Conclusions Training related to children's sexual behavior (problems) should be continuously conducted for teachers to strengthen teachers' response and guidance expertise, the need for parent education on the topic of sex education and sexual behavior (problems), and the publication and distribution of various sexual behavior (problem) casebooks. It was suggested that education related to children's sexual behavior (problems) is needed at the pre-service teacher stage.

Exploring perceptions of pre-service early childhood teacher competency through reflection on the subject of ‘language guidance for young children

Exploring perceptions of pre-service early childhood teacher competency through reflection on the subject of ‘language guidance for young children

The American contribution to attachment theory: John Bowlby’s WHO trip to the USA in 1950 and the development of his ideas on separation and attachment

ABSTRACT This paper explores John Bowlby’s foundational contributions to attachment theory, particularly his fascination with ‘separation’ and its impact on child development. Tracing the origins of Bowlby’s interest to his personal experiences and his exposure to ideas of mental hygiene and child guidance in the 1930s, it underscores the alignment of his ideas with key figures in the English school of psychoanalysis. The central narrative of this paper unfolds during Bowlby’s 1950 WHO research trip, investigating orphaned and separated children in Europe and the USA. Utilizing archival materials from the Wellcome Library in London, the authors offer unique insights into Bowlby’s journey, highlighting his evolving views on mother-child separation through interactions with his American colleagues. This comprehensive exploration sheds light on Bowlby’s pioneering work, emphasizing the American influence on his ideas, and the evolving theoretical framework that continues to shape our understanding of child development and attachment today.