Criminal Child Research Articles

Tackling child criminal exploitation (CCE): an arts-based approach

ABSTRACT This article discusses the efficacy of a freely available arts-based intervention used to tackle Child Criminal Exploitation. A digital, interactive story (Cold Chips & Money) was used in school and youth settings in Hampshire, England with 1,451 young people aged 11–13 in 2021 as part of a project of the same name. Its use has continued since. I was and continue to be the Project Lead and oversaw the development of the story, the supporting resources and the evaluation framework. I worked with a project facilitator and evaluator throughout. Cold Chips & Money was designed to help students understand, recognise and manage external influence and pressure. The story and supporting resources which included a lesson plan and access to the project evaluation lead, enable professionals to have conversations with young people about how they can keep themselves safe, as well as how they can support one another to resist unwanted attention that might lead to exploitation. The resources relate directly to the PSHE Association Key Stage 3 Core Theme Relationships: Social Influence section R42–47. The development and use of the resources was planned to complement multi-agency work on Child Criminal Exploitation and County Lines and had input from multiple professionals. Project evaluation evidenced a significant increase in awareness of county lines, and the issues surrounding it. Teachers stated that the interactive storytelling format was effective at and provided the opportunity to facilitate in-depth dialogue around the cause and effect of the decisions we make.

Impact of trauma and placement in residential or congregate care on the criminalisation of children in England/Wales and Australia

Children in residential care have the most complex needs of all children growing up in Out-of-Home care (OOHC), due to complex trauma from pre-care experiences of abuse and neglect, inadequate therapeutic supports while in care and significant placement instability. Some argue that residential care settings are intrinsically criminogenic, as evidenced by significant over-representation of this cohort in youth justice. However, little is known about how children’s experiences of trauma, including removal from family and placement in OOHC, is viewed by lawyers and decision-makers in criminal cases involving children in care. Criminal justice decisions can have long-term ramifications for children in care and custodial sentencing can often be a precursor to ongoing incarceration into adulthood. This qualitative, cross-national study explored the impacts of trauma and placement in residential or congregate care on the criminalisation of children in England/Wales and Australia. In-depth interviews were conducted with 28 legal, youth justice and judicial stakeholders in England, Wales (UK), New South Wales (NSW) and Victoria (Australia). While there are considerable differences in the operation of child protection and youth justice systems between these jurisdictions, thematic analysis using NVivo14 identified. confirmed ongoing systemic factors associated with criminalisation identified in previous literature persists despite attempts to address these through policy and practice reforms. These factors include an absence of therapeutic supports, unstable and unsafe residential care placements, over-reliance on police to respond to minor incidents, increasingly punitive police responses lacking awareness of the impacts of childhood trauma and inappropriate use of custody as an ‘alternative’ placement. These findings suggest the similar systemic processes across these jurisdictions are likely to reflect deeply entrenched ideologies about ‘care’ and ‘protection’ that function to criminalise trauma. The implications of these systemic factors when children are exposed to formal criminal justice decision-making are considered.

Evaluation of the Implementation of Diversion and Restorative Justice in the Child Criminal Justice System in Jayapura City

This research aims to analyze the implementation of diversion and restorative justice in the Juvenile Criminal Justice System (SPPA) in Jayapura City. This research uses a sociological juridical approach with qualitative research methods. Data was collected through literature study and field research, including interviews with law enforcement officials and the community. The research results show that the public's understanding of diversion and restorative justice still needs to improve, while law enforcement officials' understanding is quite good. However, community satisfaction with implementing diversion and restorative justice is still low due to several factors, such as a lack of attention to victims, judge decisions that are considered unfair, and criminal sanctions that are considered too light. Apart from that, there are several obstacles in implementing diversion and restorative justice, such as difficulty presenting child witnesses, complicated statements from perpetrators, and limited space for child detention. This research concludes that implementing diversion and restorative justice in Jayapura City is yet to be optimal and needs to be improved through more intensive outreach, increasing the capacity of law enforcement officers, and improving supporting facilities.

Examining the characteristics of children who experience contact with the youth justice system in Queensland: implications for the minimum age of criminal responsibility

ABSTRACT In jurisdictions such as Queensland, where the minimum age of criminal responsibility (i.e., 10 years of age) is out of step with international law and Australian human rights obligations, there are significant concerns about the criminalisation of children. These concerns include the potential for ensnaring young people, particularly First Nations children, into the criminal justice system rather than addressing their underlying needs. We use a birth cohort of individuals registered as born in Queensland in 1990 and followed up to age 24 years to examine the characteristics of young people who experienced their first youth justice system contact between ages 10 and 16 years. First Nations youth were significantly overrepresented among those with the earliest ages of contact (i.e., 10–13 years). Early youth justice contact was largely for minor and less serious forms of offending (i.e., property-related), but those with the earliest ages of onset typically went on to experience more persistent and serious offending outcomes up to age 24 years. Raising the minimum age of criminal responsibility alongside the implementation of culturally relevant early intervention, diversion and support services is likely to significantly reduce the overrepresentation of First Nations people in the criminal justice system.

Identifikasi Simptom Penyebab Perundungan: Upaya Menciptakan Sekolah Ramah Anak

The topic of bullying is never discussed from time to time, the phenomenon of bullying is like an epidemic or a rapidly spreading disease that causes many victims. The phenomenon of bullying is increasingly growing because currently it is a modern era that cannot be separated from technological developments which have positive and negative impacts. Television or social media shows are easier for school-age children to imitate, especially behavior that is considered not good. For example, a fight scene that ends in bullying. Bullying occurs at every school level, from elementary school, middle school, high school to university, both public schools and religious schools and Islamic boarding schools. Bullying is carried out by students, teachers, parents and also school principals with the majority of victims being students. In order to protect and prevent bullying, the government has issued many laws such as the Child Protection Law, the Children's Criminal Justice System Law, the Minister of Education, Culture, Research and Technology Regulations, the Minister of State for Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Regulations, Guidebooks and Programs Anti-bullying from each school and various forms of efforts to anticipate and prevent bullying in schools. In fact, the various regulations issued by the Government have not been able to overcome bullying behavior, which will even increase by 30% in 2023 compared to 2022. This research will complement other research that has been carried out previously, using a different perspective, namely with the concept of sustainability. activities through the PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action) system, which requires stakeholders (Government, Teachers, Parents, Students, Law Enforcement and all parties involved) to carry out systematic and holistic prevention efforts, which in every The steps taken must always be reviewed to find out whether the work plan made has succeeded in preventing or not being effective.

Resolution of Case Of Abuse Against Child Offenders (Comparatory Study Between Bali Customary Law And National Law)

In Indonesia, there is one crime that occurs in the environment of children, known as the crime of abuse or often known as bullying. Bullying cases not only require national law but also customary law. In principle, the settlement of cases in customary criminal law with national law, especially in the handling of crimes committed by children, is the same as in national law in resolving cases using restorative justice whose resolution involves the perpetrator, victim, family of the perpetrator/victim and other parties. Related parties to jointly seek a just solution. In customary criminal law, a similar approach is taken by Adat leaders involving perpetrators, victims, families of perpetrators/victims and other related parties to seek Settlement based on Awig-awig, agreed upon and also using the norms prevailing in Adat people. In the process, it is carried out before the case in question is brought to court, while the settlement through restorative justice is carried out with trial proceedings. The sanction in customary crimes will be imposed if the person concerned repeats the same mistake. In this study, the autors uses normative legal research, which focuses on positive legal norms, the Child Criminal Justice System and Costumary law in Bali, especially Klungkung and Tabanan areas.

Approaches for supporting youth dually involved in child protection and youth justice systems: An international policy analysis

The high representation of children involved across both child protection and youth justice systems remains a pressing concern. Contributing factors include unnecessary police intervention for behavioural difficulties in residential care, and deficient systems integration particularly between child protection and youth justice. Policy reforms in the past 15–20 years have aimed to prevent and address this concern across jurisdictions such as Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The study offers an updated review and analysis of these policies, targeting researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in the field. Examination of selected available policies identified four main strategies utilised: joint practice protocols, policies aimed at reducing the criminalisation of children in out-of-home care, crossover court lists, and specialised practice models like the Crossover Youth Practice Model (CYPM). There is promising evidence for some approaches, notably the CYPM, however, most suffer from a lack of implementation and outcomes evaluation, insufficient diversity considerations, and minimal inclusion of lived experience in design and implementation. Findings suggest future policy reforms should prioritise the development of whole-of-government strategies, involve children's perspectives, emphasise prevention, restorative and diversionary responses, multi-agency collaboration, ongoing support for implementation, and rigorous evaluation.

SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CONTENT AND CORRECTION OF JUNIOR CONVICTED IN THE IDEAL HERITAGE OF N. M. YADRINTSEV

The purpose of this work involves a systematic reconstruction of the sociological views of the leader of the movement of Siberian regionalists - N. M. Yadrintsev on the problem of the regime of detention and mechanisms for the correction of juvenile delinquents. The relevance of the study is dictated by scientific, academic and practical tasks. Firstly, this fragment of the enlightenment’s ideological heritage has not yet received adequate coverage in literature. Therefore, the results of our work can contribute to the development of the subject area of the history of sociological thought in Russia. Secondly, the study can be useful in developing the doctrinal foundations of modern state penitentiary policy. The work is based on the methodology of the “new social history” and the provisions of the “new intellectual history”, which allows us to consider social phenomena through the prism of the individual, and not the state. Textual analysis of N. M. Yadrintsev’s works on the stated topic was also widely used. In the course of the study, it was established that the Siberian thinker advocated the separation of juvenile prisoners from adult inmates and the establishment of a special regime of detention for this category of forced prisoners. The article notes that when considering the problem of keeping juvenile criminals in isolation from society, the Siberian regionalist recorded the consistent humanization of the criminal punishment itself for children. The authors also show that in the matter of re-education of juvenile convicts, the publicist proposed the speedy introduction of educational supervision for the purpose of moral influence on child criminals. In general, it is concluded that N. M. Yadrintsev developed a rational method of correction, which should be based on examples from social life that give concepts about the mutual connection of people.

Pemenuhan Hak Anak Pidana Pada Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak

Introduction: Protection of children is provided not only by parents but also institutions related to physical and mental development both physically and spiritually. A child who is entered into a Juvenile Correctional Institution is referred to as a criminal child or foster child to get punishment for the actions he has committed, the punishment given is in the form of coaching according to the mandate of the laws and regulations, so that after the criminal or foster child leaves the institution they will no longer commit acts that breaking the law.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to analyze and discuss the fulfillment of the nature of the rights of criminal children and to analyze and discuss the implementation of the rights of criminal children in Ambon Class II Special Development Institutions.Methods of the Research: The type of research used is empirical research. The approach used is legislation, field approach. The sources of legal materials used are primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection techniques through interviews and literature studies. Legal material is qualitativeResults of the Research: The implementation of the rights of criminal children at the Ambon Class II Special Child Development Institution has rights that have been fulfilled and there are rights that have not been fulfilled. The staff of the Ambon Class II Special Child Development Institution are still working on children's rights that have not been fulfilled at the Ambon Class II Special Child Development Institution. The rights of criminal children that have been fulfilled at the Class II Ambon Development Institution, namely: 1) There are facilities for spiritual activities in accordance with religion and beliefs; 2). Correctional students get study rooms, package A, B, C exams, modules and also supporting facilities in the form of computers; 3). criminal children get a reduced sentence through remission, but these provisions must be in accordance with statutory regulations; 4). students get enough food intake; 5). students get visits from family, legal advisers or the community.

Child Criminal Exploitation and the Interactional Emergence of Victim Status

Abstract This article draws on observations and interviews with youth justice practitioners and young people involved in county lines drug dealing to explore the processes by which young people are identified as victims of child criminal exploitation (CCE). The findings reveal that interpersonal interactions between practitioners and young people, specifically young people’s capacity to share information and accept intended acts of care, are vital in producing their status as CCE victims. Yet, a lack of appreciation for young people’s divergent experiences of these interactions can create barriers to their realization. The article concludes by exploring the implications of these processes for contemporary youth justice practice, and by questioning the utility of CCE victim identification as a response to children experiencing harm.

DIVERSION IN THE SETTLEMENT OF THE CRIMINAL ACT OF DISPOSAL OF INFANTS

<span lang="EN-US">The rise of promiscuity among children, resulted in children getting pregnant out of wedlock and then giving birth. Not mentally strong and afraid of not being able to support the child born, have the heart to throw away the baby. This act is a criminal offense of child neglect. Perpetrators of child neglect who are under 18 years old are of course handled differently from adults. Children who face the law will go through the Juvenile Criminal Justice System (SPPA), where the process must go through diversion, then What is the form of diversion in solving the crime of child neglect. This research method uses empirical juridical, where the actions committed by the perpetrators (parents) of the disposal of babies under 18 years old, are not under the Child Protection Law, so they must account for it and the settlement must be used diversion as a form of protection for living babies. This study intends to find out how the reasons for babies being dumped as well as what sanctions will be imposed and the form of diversion carried out by the police. The results of this study show that child criminals throwing away their babies have violated Article 78 B of Law No. 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning Child Protection, and can be subject to sanctions for babies who are discarded as victims taken over their authority by the police because the perpetrators. The perpetrator is married off and is required to take care of the discarded baby until adulthood. then it has violated the Article... Law on Child Protection. The perpetrator is still a child and the child born also needs protection and care, so the solution to the case is through diversion by bringing together the perpetrator's parents, community, and religious leaders. and mediated by the police. The two perpetrators, namely the parents of the baby who were discarded, were married to the two, and then they were both released from prison and only subject to mandatory reporting.</span>

The Post-Ongwen Case Period and the Reconciliation Process in Northern Uganda: Local Communities as a Site of Knowledge

Abstract By providing victims with more space in the Ongwen case, the International Criminal Court (icc) has significantly contributed to the healing of the trauma and community reconciliation in northern Uganda. That said, this court has also raised issues that could affect local efforts to achieve peace, namely the positioning of victims of child soldiers vis-à-vis criminal child soldiers. Drawing on qualitative data collected through focus group discussions with some community members from locations under investigation by the icc, this sociolegal study examines the victims’ narratives about child soldiers and the different ideas of human rights that emerge. Then, it explores how these ideas may shape future transitional justice mechanisms designed in the global sphere. Finally, it discusses the extent to which they may impact the relevance of current justice initiatives. Overall, this paper analyzes the substantive effect of victim participation in the Ongwen case on local peacebuilding initiatives in northern Uganda.

KETERLIBATAN ANAK DALAM TINDAK PIDANA DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PIDANA ANAK DI INDONESIA

Children are the next generation of the nation so they need maximum coaching, guidance and protection so that the child will not commit an act that violates the law. The involvement of children, who in this case are perpetrators of a criminal Children are the next generation of the nation so they need maximum coaching, guidance and protection so that the child will not commit an act that violates the law. The involvement of children, who in this case are perpetrators of a criminal act, must be given the rights and protection of children as vulnerable legal subjects as regulated in the applicable laws and regulations. Through a normative legal approach, this research analyzes legal regulations that regulate the rights and protection of children involved in criminal contexts. The aims of this research are firstly to find out the meaning of children in Indonesian laws and regulations, secondly to find the concept of children's criminal law legislation in Indonesia which regulates children's involvement in criminal acts according to a normative approach, and thirdly to find out the procedures for handling cases of involvement. children in juvenile crimes from the perspective of juvenile criminal law in Indonesia through the principles of child human rights and the principles of the best interests of the child. The results of this research are that the handling of cases of child involvement in juvenile crimes from the perspective of juvenile criminal law in Indonesia is by placing more emphasis on the principles of children's human rights and the best principles for the interests of children because although there has been progress, challenges remain, and improvements Continuous harmonization of policies, consistent implementation, and strengthening the rehabilitation system can optimize the protection and development of children involved in the context of juvenile criminal justice.
 Keywords: Child Involvement, Child Crime, Child Criminal Law

The Paradox of Child's Diversion Policy in Conflict with the Law in the Indonesian Child Criminal Justice System

This research aims to examine the paradox of implementing the diversion policy for children in conflict with the law in student brawl cases in DKI Jakarta. The research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Case analysis uses forecasting analysis framework by William Dunn (2003) and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis by Chermack and Kasshanna (2007). There are three conclusions from this research. First, the problems of the diversion policy for children in conflict with the law are generally not caused by primordial factors but are caused by law enforcement investigators who often do not follow the mandate of the Law on The Child Criminal Justice System to determine child diversion. This is because the police apply criminal offenses based on the perpetrator's actions and can consider the recommendations of the Community Counselor of the Correctional Center. Second, there is a paradox in the implementation of the diversion policy for children in conflict with the law, starting from the high use of the Emergency Law in the Indonesian Legal System, the low competence of law enforcement officers in implementing the diversion policy for children in conflict with the law, terminating investigations without involving Community Counselor of the Correctional Center, to carrying out detention in correctional centers that are not child-friendly. Third, based on forecasting and SWOT analysis, it is necessary to transform juvenile justice legal policies in the future, especially increasing competency of the law enforcement officers, ensuring the availability of child-friendly infrastructure, supporting the child in conflict with the law advocacy and extensifying community-based policing.

Pertimbangan Hakim Pengadilan Negeri Kupang Kelas I A dalam Menjatuhkan Pidana Kepada Anak yang Melakukan Tindak Pidana Pencurian Sepeda Motor

This research examines the considerations of judges at the Kupang District Court Class 1A in sentencing children who commit the crime of motorbike theft. The purpose of this research is to find out the consideration of the Kupang District Court Class 1A judge's decision to impose a crime on a child who stole a motorbike. The research method used is descriptive and normative. The results and discussion show that the judge's considerations in imposing a crime on a child include: (1) Juridical considerations, these considerations are the most essential considerations for the Panel of Judges in proving the defendant's actions. (2) Non-juridical considerations, these considerations are considerations regarding the child's motivation for committing theft, the consequences of the child's actions, the child's personal condition, and the aggravating and mitigating circumstances of the child. (3) Consideration of recommendations from the Center for Corrections, this consideration is a very important consideration and influences the criminal decision that will be handed down to the child. (4) Consider the opinion of parents/guardians, this consideration is a consideration that does not have much influence on the criminal decision that will be handed down.
 Keywords: Criminal Children, Judge's Consideration, Crime of Theft

PEMBINAAN TERHADAP ANAK DIDIK PEMASYARAKATAN SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN TERJADINYA PENGULANGAN TINDAK PIDANA

Children are basically the next generation of the nation who should ideally grow and develop naturally according to their age, and be under the care and protection of parents, society and the state. In reality, there are children who commit criminal acts, such as theft, sexual abuse and narcotics. Punishment of children who commit criminal acts is carried out by the Special Child Development Institute as an effort to prevent repetition of criminal acts. The problem in this research is: How is the guidance of correctional students as an effort to prevent the recurrence of criminal acts at the Class II Special Development Institution for Children in Bandar Lampung and why are there inhibiting factors in the guidance of correctional students as an effort to prevent the repetition of criminal acts at the Special Development Institution Class II children from Bandar Lampung? The problem approach used in this research is empirical juridical. The data type consists of primary data and secondary data. Data collection through literature studies and field studies. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively. The results of this research show: Guidance for correctional students as an effort to prevent repetition of criminal acts at LPKA Class II Bandar Lampung is carried out in the coaching stages, namely initial coaching, advanced coaching and final coaching. Types of coaching include personality coaching (fostering religious awareness and fostering national and state awareness, fostering legal awareness and fostering intellectual abilities) as well as fostering independence. Factors that hinder coaching consist of statutory factors, namely the absence of technical instructions regarding coaching for children. crime, law enforcement factors, namely the quantity of guidance for correctional students, facilities and facilities factors, namely the limited means and facilities needed to carry out guidance, community factors, namely the negative attitude of the community towards former criminal children who have been released and returned to public

Kewenangan Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan dalam Melakukan Diversi Pra Ajudikasi (Studi pada Balai Pemasyarakatan Kelas II Ambon)

The criminalization of children who commit criminal offenses requires a community research report from the Correctional Center, which in this case is made by the Community Supervisor as regulated in the provisions of article 1 number 13 of Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning SPPA. One of the cases handled by the Community Supervisor is a case of persecution, based on police report Number B/113VII/1019/Reskrim. The client underwent an examination process at the Ambon Island and Lease Islands police station for allegedly committing the crime of persecution as referred to in Article 170 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code (KUHP). The purpose of this research is to ask for consideration or advice from the Community Supervisor after the criminal offense is reported and the Community Supervisor is also not involved in the diversion process at the investigation stage. This Research uses normative legal research methods and will be studied based on positive legal provisions, as well as legal principles. and using primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. This research uses normative legal research methods and will be studied based on positive legal provisions, as well as legal principles. and using primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials.The result and discussion shows that the authority to determine Diversion is given to law enforcement officials handling children's cases,Community Research from the Investigator as stipulated in Article 28 of Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning SPPA. After the Community Supervisor conducts the research, the results of the community research will be given to the Investigator. If the Investigators do not ask for consideration or advice from the Community Supervisor in the attempted diversion process, it can be said that the diversion process at the investigation stage is null and void.

A Comprehensive Socio-Legal Study on the Performance of Community Policing in Managing Child Criminality in Bangladesh

A Comprehensive Socio-Legal Study on the Performance of Community Policing in Managing Child Criminality in Bangladesh

A conceptual analysis of system responses to the issue of problematic sexual behaviors in children and recommendations for future work in Children's Advocacy Center multidisciplinary teams.

Problematic sexual behavior (PSB) in children is a common, yet frequently misunderstood and mishandled issue facing communities. Because of the intersection of children both causing harm and being harmed, societies across the globe struggle with whether to punish or support during these times. For Children's Advocacy Centers (CACs), whose mandate it is to support victimized children, this tension is exacerbated. CACs have historically relied on identifying a "perpetrator" and "victim" when providing their services, however PSB displaying youth do not fit this classic dichotomy. Compared with other children, PSB displaying youth are more likely to experience greater incidents and types of violent childhood trauma, have increased parent instability, decreased familial support, and struggle with co-occurring mental health diagnoses. Due to the stigma and fear surrounding sexual behaviors in children and systemic barriers including varied definitions of PSB, uncertainty regarding how to respond within the context of child-serving roles, and the criminalization of children's behaviors, access to supportive services is complicated and challenging. Treatment completion rates for this population are as low as 13%, despite most methods being short-term, non-invasive, and community based. This conceptual analysis paper identifies five key themes in the literature that influence these barriers and proposes an interdisciplinary approach for CAC multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) to better support this vulnerable population.

School to prison pipelines: Associations between school exclusion, neurodisability and age of first conviction in male prisoners

Both school exclusion and neurodisability are prospective markers for increased risk of subsequent contact with criminal justice system in general and justice-involved samples. However, relationships between school exclusion, neurodisability, and age at first conviction have received minimal attention. Age at first conviction is an important outcome, as justice system contact is criminogenic, so people convicted at a younger age are at risk of becoming entrenched in the system. This issue was addressed with data collected from 3035 convicted male adults, who completed the Do-IT Profiler screening assessment in HMP Parc (Wales, UK). Multiple school exclusions were associated with earlier first convictions, with those excluded once, 2–3 times, and 4 or more times being first convicted 3, 5, and 6 years earlier on average than the never-excluded cohort. Of the excluded cohort, 45% were sent to a Pupil Referral Unit (PRU) (a facility for children excluded from mainstream school). They were first convicted an average of 2 years younger than those who were excluded but never sent to a PRU, and an average of 6 years younger than those who were never excluded. This suggests that being sent to a PRU is associated with earlier first convictions than exclusion alone. Each standard deviation increase in neurodisability (indexed by lower scores on a functional skills screener, used here as a proxy for neurodisability) was associated with being 0.5 years younger at first conviction. Finally, school exclusion was correlated with scores on the functional skills screener, suggesting that school exclusion could be a potential mechanism for the criminalisation of children with neurodisability. These findings elucidate associations between school exclusion (including PRU referral), poor functional skills indicative of neurodisability, and criminalisation at a younger age in prison populations.