Chiefdoms Research Articles

Representational system and excessive alcohol consumption by seniors Agni-Sanwi (IvoryCoast)

This study highlights the impact of alcohol on the health of the elderly in Agni-Sanwi society in Cote d'Ivoire. In relation to their representations of Gin and Rum, the elderly consume them excessively during various cultural practices. The study therefore aims to understand the social representations of these strong liqueurs in that society. In a qualitative approach, interviews and group discussions were conducted from January 17 to February 28 2019, with 28 people within the age range of 60 and above, who make up the chiefdom and Elders of this social environment. The thematic analysis of the content of the speeches given by them reveals that Gin symbolizes the vertical relationship with the ancestors and Rum symbolizes joy and restores the horizontal relationship between the brothers of the community. These two liqueurs are therefore positively represented there. However, their excessive consumption by the elderly induces various diseases which, in a context of therapeutic trial and error, condition them to pathological aging. Key words: Representational system, alcohol, elderly people, pathological aging, Cote d'ivoire.

Value and Impact of Adult Education: Voices of Zambian Communities

Value, Adult education, Community.
 Zambian communities are rich with voices of the value of adult education, albeit unsystematically documented. It is these insightful voices that this article unveils. Phenomenological research design was employed. Three research sites were targeted comprising two chiefdoms and covering four villages, two villages from each chief dom. Data was collected using interviews and focus group discussions. After coding the data, narrative and thematic methods of data analysis were used. Findings reveal that the value of adult education is measured informally by the number of the adult population able to access social amenities equitably and equally on one hand, and on the other, by their ability to read the „word and the world‟ as purported by Freire and Macedo (1987).

Value and Impact of Adult Education: Voices of Zambian Communities

Zambian communities are rich with voices of the value of adult education, albeit unsystematically documented. It is these insightful voices that this article unveils. Phenomenological research design was employed. Three research sites were targeted comprising two chiefdoms and covering four villages, two villages from each chief dom. Data was collected using interviews and focus group discussions. After coding the data, narrative and thematic methods of data analysis were used. Findings reveal that the value of adult education is measured informally by the number of the adult population able to access social amenities equitably and equally on one hand, and on the other, by their ability to read the ‘word and the world’ as purported by Freire and Macedo (1987).

Sociedades heterárquicas en el Ecuador preincaico: estudio diacrónico de la organización política caranqui

El area cultural caranqui, localizada en la Sierra Norte del Ecuador, comprende un conjunto homogeneo en terminos de cultura material caracterizado principalmente por la presencia de complejos monumentales conformados por monticulos artificiales, que en la terminologia local se denominan tolas , y que tienen la forma de piramides truncadas, ocasionalmente acompanadas de enormes rampas de acceso. La cultura material mueble asociada a estos monumentos, en particular la ceramica, es tambien bastante homogenea y cuenta con dos formas tipo, un anfora grande y una olla asimetrica tripode. Este conjunto cultural data de la epoca preincaica tardia, y esta fechado aproximadamente entre 1250 y 1525 d.C. Se ha tratado de explicar la organizacion politica de estas sociedades desde modelos jerarquicos como el de la Teoria del Lugar Central, buscando una capital que hubiera ejercido poder y control sobre los otros sitios. Las fuentes etnohistoricas no sustentan una hipotesis en ese sentido, y hablan mas bien a favor de senorios relacionados pero autonomos. En este articulo proponemos una vision distinta de la organizacion politica caranqui, desde el modelo de heterarquia, postulando que los sitios con monticulos no fueron centros de poder politico sino religioso. Sustentamos esta idea a traves de un estudio diacronico que combina las fuentes arqueologicas y las etnohistoricas.

Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South

Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South

Nascent Nations: A Review of Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South

Nascent Nations: A Review of Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South

Nutritional Chiefdom

Nutritional Chiefdom

A pre-Hispanic chiefdom in Barinas, Venezuela : excavations at Gaván-complex sites.

A pre-Hispanic chiefdom in Barinas, Venezuela : excavations at Gaván-complex sites.

Access to and utilisation of forest resources: Evidence from common property forest management in Swaziland

A major challenge facing Swaziland is how to maximise the use of forest resources while still maintaining their sustainability. Forest resources are being depleted and degraded due to poor access controls, inequities in land-tenure and user rights. The research was conducted using the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework as the underlying scheme. The main objective of this study was to investigate access to and utilisation of forest resources in the selected chiefdoms in Mahlangatsha Inkundla. The survey methodology whose target population was from the two chiefdoms were household heads was adopted in this study (N = 185). Data were collected using questionnaires. Stratified random sampling technique which combined both stratification and randomization were used. Findings revealed that, access levels of households to forest resources were different. Whilst access to community forest resources was restricted, the natural forest resources were open to extraction by anyone. Institutional and community rules that are used to regulate access to forest resources lack effectiveness. Consequently, there are problems of deforestation, degradation, illegal harvesting, and lack of involvement by community members to manage forest resources. The study recommends that, local people should be educated about rules that regulate access to forest resources and common rules be set at the local level.

Áreas de atividade em dois centros cerimoniais Jê do Sul

Neste artigo, apresento a análise das estruturas e conjuntos artefatuais de dois sítiosde aterros anelares com montículos Jê do Sul. Ambos apresentam anexos quadrangulares em sua arquitetura e grande quantidade de material lítico, diferenciando-se de outros sítios da mesma categoria.

Myths of an Island Chiefdom: Super Chert and Golden Acorns

Myths of an Island Chiefdom: Super Chert and Golden Acorns

Vulnerability poverty analysis in Moyamba District: The PAR approach in three chiefdoms

Participatory action research (PAR) techniques were used to research application of vulnerability poverty analysis (VPA), specifically to identify farmers’ exposure to health risks in the farming season and their levels of coping ability in three chiefdoms in Sierra Leone. This research also provides an understanding of the long-term factors affecting farmers’ ability to respond to coping mechanisms and their susceptibility to crisis as well as their resilience for survival or recovery from the crisis. In Sierra Leone, famers’ health is a crosscutting issue affecting development as measured by increasing or decreasing agricultural productivity, yet improvement of health is often overlooked in policy strategies. In agricultural communities, poor health reduces income and productivity, further decreasing people’s ability to address poor health, thus inhibiting rural household livelihood improvement. The objective of this research was to apply PAR techniques involving famers’ responses from self-organized group discussions and questionnaire administration. Many variables were analyzed including: village profiles, types of vulnerability, underlying causes and consequences, and the coping strategies, as well as opportunities for action. Key issues identified include lack of mutual assistance to ensure productive pursuits; access to agricultural inputs; health risks due to unfavourable climatic conditions (extremely hot in the dry season and flooding in the wet season); unsafe drinking water; and the prevalence of diseases such as malaria, diarrhea, typhoid fever, etc. Involvement of village members found that the months of June to September, and February to May were indicated as hungry seasons and were periods of the highest vulnerability risk. During periods of inadequate food supplies and lack of clean water, active household farmers faced increased infections such as bronchitis, conjunctivitis and malaria. Costly visits to peripheral health units (PHU) and traditional healers perpetuate the vicious cycle of poverty. Communities recommend that goals of future programs include enhanced higher agricultural productivity, increased family earnings and nutrition, improved labor productivity and better health and well-being. Policy strategies by local governments must be all inclusive planning for health care interventions in critical period of farming calendar at rural level. Key words: Participatory poverty analysis, health, agricultural productivity, farmer efficiency.

Himiko and Japan's Elusive Chiefdom of Yamatai: Archaeology, History, and Mythology – By J. Edward Kidder

Himiko and Japan's Elusive Chiefdom of Yamatai: Archaeology, History, and Mythology – By J. Edward Kidder

:The Chattahoochee Chiefdoms

:<b>The Chattahoochee Chiefdoms</b>

The mark of sugar. Hawai'i's eco-industrial heritage

HawaiYs eco-industrial heritage is a landscape permanently altered by sugar cane production. Beginning in 1850 American and European-based capitalists drew heav ily from global technological advances of the nineteenth century, rapidly exploited the land and water policies of the native Hawaiian government, and set in motion environ mental change that eventually increased industrial control over non-sugar cane ecosystems. This article exams the na ture-industry exchange which culminated by 1920 in an in dustrial sugar ecology that dominated landscapes, politics, and social life in Hawaii. Industrial agriculture has permanently altered the Hawaiian Islands. At the end of the eighteenth century these islands were a Polynesian chain of chiefdoms based upon irrigated and dryland agriculture. Within a century, the Hawaiian Kingdom became an industrial colony controlled by Americans and devoted to production of sugar cane for the western U.S. market. Sixty years later Hawaii was a U.S. state. Although this archipelago of six major islands had a long evolutionary history of geological and biological changes due to natural and human forces, it was from about 1850 to 1920 that the ecological changes set in motion by industrial plantation agriculture intensified and permanently trans formed Hawaii's landscape. These seventy years forever changed the forests, water supply, human and animal landscape, marking the first eco-industrial phase of sugar production in Hawaii. It was predicated upon a steady and massive spread of cane cultivation, constant application of new technologies and scientific principles to the field and the mill, and the evolution of manage ment practices all essential features of industrialization. Address all communications to: Carol MacLennan, Department of Social Sciences, Michi gan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA. E-mail: camac@mtu.edu.

Coosa: The Rise and Fall of a Southeastern Mississippian Chiefdom

Coosa: The Rise and Fall of a Southeastern Mississippian Chiefdom

The Caddo Chiefdoms: Caddo Economics and Politics, 700-1835

The Caddo Chiefdoms: Caddo Economics and Politics, 700-1835

Chiefdoms and Chieftaincy in the Americas. Elsa M. Redmond

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsChiefdoms and Chieftaincy in the Americas. Elsa M. Redmond Timothy EarleTimothy Earle Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Journal of Anthropological Research Volume 56, Number 4Winter, 2000 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/jar.56.4.3630947 Views: 8Total views on this site Copyright 2000 The University of New MexicoPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Chiefdoms and Chieftaincy in the Americas

Book Review| April 01 2000 Chiefdoms and Chieftaincy in the Americas Edited by Elsa M. Redmond. (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1998. xii + 303 pp., foreword, preface, introduction, figures, tables, index. $55.00 cloth.) George R. Milner George R. Milner Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Ethnohistory (2000) 47 (2): 504–506. https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-47-2-504 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation George R. Milner; Chiefdoms and Chieftaincy in the Americas. Ethnohistory 1 April 2000; 47 (2): 504–506. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-47-2-504 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsEthnohistory Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. 2000 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Book Reviews You do not currently have access to this content.

The Caddo Chiefdoms: Caddo Economics and Politics, 700-1835

Book Review| April 01 2000 The Caddo Chiefdoms: Caddo Economics and Politics, 700-1835 By David La Vere. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998. xiv + 198 pp., figure, notes, bibliography, index. $45.00 cloth.) Timothy K. Perttula Timothy K. Perttula Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Ethnohistory (2000) 47 (2): 503–504. https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-47-2-503 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Timothy K. Perttula; The Caddo Chiefdoms: Caddo Economics and Politics, 700-1835. Ethnohistory 1 April 2000; 47 (2): 503–504. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-47-2-503 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsEthnohistory Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. 2000 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.