Abstract
Zambian communities are rich with voices of the value of adult education, albeit unsystematically documented. It is these insightful voices that this article unveils. Phenomenological research design was employed. Three research sites were targeted comprising two chiefdoms and covering four villages, two villages from each chief dom. Data was collected using interviews and focus group discussions. After coding the data, narrative and thematic methods of data analysis were used. Findings reveal that the value of adult education is measured informally by the number of the adult population able to access social amenities equitably and equally on one hand, and on the other, by their ability to read the ‘word and the world’ as purported by Freire and Macedo (1987).
Highlights
Emergence of criminal gangs is a topical issue in both developed and developing countries where many criminal gangs emerged
The panya road practices constituted a “cult” situation, for instance, receiving and concealing stolen goods and properties, as it was noted in focus group discussions (FGDs) with panya road criminal gang member that, “Most of us came from Temeke District
In FGDs, a member of criminal gangs revealed that, “As a group we had disposed to criminal gang involvement because most of us thought to be marginalized, socially excluded, alienated or rejected from our families and such patterns made us as a group to be vulnerable to „panya road‟ formation” (FGDs/panya road)
Summary
Emergence of criminal gangs is a topical issue in both developed and developing countries where many criminal gangs emerged. It is important for researchers who are social workers, sociologists, lawyers, political scientists and criminologists to identify such deviant groups so as to provide solutions to their control and eventual end. Most researchers are eager to know the origin and organization of criminal gangs and the way forward to solve their aftermath. Scholars accepted that both developed and developing countries have experienced criminal gangs in their countries. The gang is still employed to enforce the Gulf of Mexico Cartel to transfer illicit drugs at El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras (Godnick, 2018)
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