There is a global need to identify effective ways to moderate water-related threats effect such as drought phenomena, availability of water resources, actually, in arid and semi-arid regions. The current article aims to link remote sensing with the GIS to evaluate the probable effect of the variations and distributions of a long-time climatic variable on the meteorological drought in arid and semi-arid areas. The Diyala province has been considered as an illustrative study to represent such regions. The study's analysis was based on two images of Landsat 7 ETM + and Landsat OLI TIRS-8 for the period that lasted from 2007 to 2018. To assess the alteration in water surface area, land surface temp, vegetation cover, and soil moisture, four drought indices have been selected, which are the index of normalized difference water (NDWI), index of modified normalized difference water (MNDWI), land surface temp (LST) as well as index of Normalized Difference Vegetation (NDVI). The study's findings revealed an important escalation in the vegetation cover by vegetation cover area 17.71%, 71.72% in 2013 and 2018, respectively. As we showed, a higher increase in modified surface water bodies area is 3.94%, 2.78% in 2016 and 2018. Furthermore, a lower temperature associated with water bodies was 20 C o , 24 C o . Additionally, it can also be concluded that the soil moisture was the chief factor that would affect the vegetation cover, LST, and the drought conditions within the considered region.