Chief Factor Research Articles

Drosophila as a Model Organism in Host-Pathogen Interaction Studies.

Owing to the genetic similarities and conserved pathways between a fruit fly and mammals, the use of the Drosophila model as a platform to unveil novel mechanisms of infection and disease progression has been justified and widely instigated. Gaining proper insight into host–pathogen interactions and identifying chief factors involved in host defense and pathogen virulence in Drosophila serves as a foundation to establish novel strategies for infectious disease prevention and control in higher organisms, including humans.

Finite groups in which the sylowizers of each non-trivial primary subgroups are conjugate

A subgroup S of a group G is called a p-sylowizer of a p-subgroup R in G if S is maximal in G with respect to having R as its Sylow p-subgroup. In this paper, we investigate the structure of the group G in which the sylowizers of each non-trivial primary subgroups in G are conjugate and give the non-solvable chief factors of G.

Analysis of PM2.5 Transport Routes and Potential Sources of Qingdao in Winter

Combined the mass concentration of PM2.5 in Qingdao region, with TrajStat software and the data from global assimilation system, getting the result of airflow backwards trajectory altered every 24-hour in November 2019 in Qingdao. The chief factors influenced the mass concentration of PM2.5 in Qingdao are wind speed and humidity. With the condition of lower wind speed and higher humidity causing heavier pollution. The airflow clusters in Qingdao can be classified into six types by using TrajStat software, and researchers made a series of study over each airflow direction. They also found that the particle concentration in Qingdao was mainly disrupted by the emission emitted within Shandong province, while getting a slight possibility of disruption from remote areas.

On Baer-σ-local formations of finite groups

Throughout this article, all groups are finite and G is a group. Let be some partition of the set of all primes Then has a chief factor H/K such that The group G is said to be: σ-primary if G is a σi-group for some i; σ-soluble if every chief factor of G is σ-primary. The symbol denotes the product of all normal σ-soluble subgroups of G. The chief factor H/K of G is said to be: σ-central (in G) if is σ-primary; a σi-factor if H/K is a σi-group. We say that G is: σ-nilpotent if every chief factor of G is σ-central; generalized -nilpotent if every chief σi-factor of G is σ-central. The symbol denotes the product of all normal generalized -nilpotent subgroups of G. We call any function f of the formwhere a generalized formation σ-function and we putIf for some generalized formation σ-function f we have then we say that the class is Baer-σ-local and f is a generalized σ-local definition of In this article, we describe basic properties, examples, and some applications of Baer-σ-local formations. In particular, we prove that the set of all Baer-σ-local formations containing all nilpotent groups forms a subsemigroup of the semigroup of all formations (Theorem 1.13) and the set of all Baer-σ-local formations containing all σ-nilpotent groups is a right ideal in (Theorem 1.16).

Is Glycosylated Hemoglobin A Marker of Infertility? Prospective Analytic Study

Infertility: Is the inability of a couple to naturally conceive, carry or deliver a healthy child after a year of unprotected intercourse (1) . Causes: Female factors :- Problems with ovulation. Blocked fallopian tubes; this can happen as the result of pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, or an ectopic pregnancy. Hormonal problems such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (pcos). In ability of the fertilized egg to implant in the uterus. Cervical hostility. Premature ovarian failure. Age; A women’s fertility decline after the age of 30, both in her ability to conceive and her ability to carry pregnancy to term. Male factors: The chief factor in male infertility is sperm quality, the man may have poor motility ‹ affecting its ability to reach ovum. Alcohol, marijuana and other drug abuse can affect sperm quality. Other possible factors include erectile dysfunction and retrograde ejaculation. Female infertility account for one third of infertility cases, male infertility for another third, combined male and female infertility for another 15%, and the remainder of cases are “ un explained”.

Application of artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) for modeling and optimization of the contact angle of rice leaf surfaces

In this paper, a novel method for modeling and optimization of the contact angle of rice leaf surfaces by comparing the analytical result of the artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM), to minimize the contact angle of the rice leaf surfaces. Three factors and three levels Box-Behnken design was used to analyze the external factors influencing the contact angle of the rice leaf surfaces, which consisted of temperature, humidity and the chemical pesticide concentration. By optimizing the designing parameters, the optimum input parameters were obtained. The best input conditions were temperature (25.96 °C), humidity (60.00%), chemical pesticide concentration (131.89 mg/L), and a minimum contact angle of 103.565° was obtained. Moreover, the ANN sensitivity analysis was used to study the weight of three external factors affecting the contact angle. Experiments showed the concentration of chemical pesticides to be the chief factor, as it has a weight is 55.61%, followed by humidity with a weight of 31.15% and temperature with 13.24%. Finally, the reliability of the RSM and ANN methods in modeling and predicting the contact angle was compared by analyzing the value of mean squared error (MSE) and determination coefficient (R2).The result showed that both models have better performance, and both RSM and ANN have better determination coefficients. The experiments also illustrated that the ANN method get better results than RSM in fitting experimental data, prediction and modeling.

Systematic profiling of staralog response to acquired drug resistant kinase gatekeeper mutations in targeted cancer therapy.

Kinase-targeted therapy has been widely used as a lifesaving strategy for cancer patients. However, many patients treated with targeted cancer drugs are clinically observed to rapidly develop acquired resistance. Kinase gatekeeper mutation is one of the most chief factors contributing to the resistance, which modulates the accessibility of kinase's ATP-binding pocket. Previously, the pan-kinase inhibitor Staurosporine and its analogs (termed as Staralogs) have been reported to exhibit wild-type sparing selectivity for some kinase gatekeeper mutants, such as EGFR T790M, Her2 T798M and cSrc T338M. Here, we describe an integrative approach to systematically profile the molecular response of 15 representative Staralogs to 17 kinase gatekeeper mutations in targeted cancer therapy. With the profile we are able to divide gatekeeper mutations into three classes (i.e. classes I, II and III) and to divide Staralogs into two groups (i.e. groups 1 and 2) using heuristic clustering. The class I and II mutations confer consistent sensitivity and resistance for all Staralogs, respectively, while the class III mutations address divergent effects on different Staralogs. The mutations to Ile residue can generally reduce Staralog affinity by inducing unfavorable steric hindrance, whereas the mutations to Met and Leu residues would improve Staralog affinity by establishing favorable S···π interaction, van der Waals packing and/or hydrophobic contact. The group 1 and 2 Staralogs are primarily determined by carbonyl or hydroxyl substitution state at the position 7 of Staralog core, where points to kinase gatekeeper residue and can thus be directly influenced by gatekeeper mutation.

On $$\sigma $$-subnormality criteria in finite $$\sigma $$-soluble groups

Let \(\sigma = \{ {\sigma }_{i} : i \in I \}\) be a partition of the set \({\mathbb {P}}\) of all prime numbers. A subgroup X of a finite group G is called \(\sigma \)-subnormal in G if there is a chain of subgroups $$\begin{aligned} X=X_{0} \subseteq X_{1} \subseteq \cdots \subseteq X_{n}=G \end{aligned}$$where for every \(j=1, \dots , n\) the subgroup \(X_{j-1}\) is normal in \(X_{j}\) or \(X_{j}/Core_{X_{j}}(X_{j-1})\) is a \({\sigma }_{i}\)-group for some \(i \in I\). In the special case that \(\sigma \) is the partition of \({\mathbb {P}}\) into sets containing exactly one prime each, the \(\sigma \)-subnormality reduces to the familiar case of subnormality. In this paper some \(\sigma \)-subnormality criteria for subgroups of \(\sigma \)-soluble groups, or groups in which every chief factor is a \(\sigma _{i}\)-group, for some \(\sigma _{i} \in \sigma \), are showed.

Occupational Stress among Work Force- Engineering Colleges Perspective

Contemporary life is full of hassles, deadlines, frustrations, and demands. Due to mammoth changes in business world recruits has become the chief factor for success in many companies and equivalently the stress among the employees also steeply increased which resulted in obligatory life. Teaching field is not an exemption from this circumstances hence all the fields irrespective of their work all are experiencing stress in their professional life and stress has become part of employee’s life. It is a recognized fact that a lecturer is a nation draughtsman and a genuine creator of the future, thus a fine lecturer must have a neutral mind to concentrate on the work. The study is conducted to explore the occupational stress factors among engineering college faculty members. The primary data is collected from 120 faculty members who were selected by convenience sampling method. To explore occupational stress factors the collected data is analyzed with help of the principal component analysis and further identified the variance and reliability of the factors loaded. The results highlighted that workload, career growth, relationships and role ambiguity are the key factors of occupational stress.

ON THEσ-NILPOTENT NORM AND THEσ-NILPOTENT LENGTH OF A FINITE GROUP

AbstractLetGbe a finite group andσ= {σi|i∈I} some partition of the set of all primes$\Bbb{P}$. ThenGis said to be:σ-primaryifGis aσi-group for somei;σ-nilpotentifG=G1× … ×Gtfor someσ-primary groupsG1, … ,Gt;σ-solubleif every chief factor ofGisσ-primary. We use$G^{{\mathfrak{N}}_{\sigma}}$to denote theσ-nilpotent residualofG, that is, the intersection of all normal subgroupsNofGwithσ-nilpotent quotientG/N. IfGisσ-soluble, then theσ-nilpotent length(denoted bylσ(G)) ofGis the length of the shortest normal chain ofGwithσ-nilpotent factors. LetNσ(G) be the intersection of the normalizers of theσ-nilpotent residuals of all subgroups ofG, that is,$${N_\sigma }(G) = \bigcap\limits_{H \le G} {{N_G}} ({H^{{_\sigma }}}).$$Then the subgroupNσ(G) is called theσ-nilpotent normofG. We study the relationship of theσ-nilpotent length with theσ-nilpotent norm ofG. In particular, we prove that theσ-nilpotent length of aσ-soluble groupGis at mostr(r> 1) if and only iflσ(G/Nσ(G)) ≤r.

Lexical category bias across interpreting types: Implications for synergy between cognitive constraints and language representations

While previous results based on quantitative approaches to interpreting output have evidenced distinctive lexical, syntactic and language sequence features across interpreting types as a result of processing differences, none of them has probed into the lexical category realm. In this paper, the activity index, a normalized ratio between verb and adjective occurrences in the text, was used to capture the lexical-category-related patterns across output texts of three interpreting types, namely, simultaneous interpreting (SI), consecutive interpreting (CI) and read-out translated speech (TR). The results showed that the CI outputs yielded greater activity than the SI outputs due to lower frequencies of adjectives in the former. The discrepancy remained significant when differences in activity of input, text size and average sentence length were controlled for, suggesting processing differences as the chief factor underlying this lexical category bias. Given the syntactic priority of verbs over adjectives, the striking loss of adjectives from CI processing probably derives from “underestimated” cognitive demands in CI, which may exceed those in SI. Our research captures a lexical category bias in language processing under extreme cognitive pressure, and this biased language behaviour may reflect a dynamic adaptive mechanism of language representations to accommodate cognitive constraints.

Modifying the maximal light-use efficiency for enhancing predictions of vegetation net primary productivity on the Mongolian Plateau

ABSTRACTMaximal light-use efficiency (LUE), ɛmax, is a measure of the conversion efficiency of the photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by plants to net primary productivity (NPP), based on the principle that an optimal plant productive capability exists when the LUE is at its maximum. ɛmax is an important parameter for modelling regional NPP and is conventionally applied at the biome level using a constant value. In this study, we estimated type-specific ɛmax values for three dominant land cover types on the Mongolian Plateau: 0.621 g C MJ–1 (MJ is the mega Joules and 1 MJ = 106 J) for meadow steppe, 0.534 g C MJ–1 for typical steppe, and 0.520 g C MJ–1 for desert steppe. With these steppe-specific modified ɛmax values, we were able to examine changes in NPP for 2001–2015 on the plateau, as well as their likely responses to regional climate change. The use of different ɛmax values for each steppe type improved the accuracy of the Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) Biosphere model predictions of grassland NPP by 18.8% (R2 = 0.48 to R2 = 0.57; R2 is the coefficient of determination) over the observation period. Previous studies based on a constant ɛmax (0.541 g C MJ–1) appear to underestimate ɛmax and NPP in meadow steppe, highlighting the importance of setting type-specific ɛmax values for different land cover types in the remote-sensing modelling of grassland NPP. However, more detailed maps of biome sub-classes, with species composition, would be valuable for future attempts to determine appropriate ɛmax values. The growing season (April–October) NPP on the plateau increased significantly from 2001 to 2015, with an annual increment of 4.44 g C m–2 y–1. This trend was strongly governed by the change in summer NPP across the plateau. In comparison, NPP in the spring and autumn did not influence the change in total NPP, which was likely due to their relatively small values. Summer precipitation and the related drought stress were the chief factors responsible for plateau-scale NPP changes, due to the high proportion of summer precipitation and NPP in the annual totals. This may induce important environmental features, such as dzud (a Mongolian term for a severe winter) and desertification on the plateau.

A CONDITION FOR CYCLIC CHIEF FACTORS OF FINITE GROUPS

In this paper, we find a condition under which every chief factor of $G$ below a normal subgroup $H$ of $G$ is cyclic by using the $\tau$-supplemented subgroups. Some recent results are generalized.

ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ВОЛОНТЕРСЬКИХ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙ ЯК ДЕТЕРМІНАНТА РОЗВИТКУ ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА В УКРАЇНІ

It analyses essential indicators of volunteering, volunteer work and the features of work conducted by volunteer organizations as an index of civic society development in Ukraine. The features of volunteer movements in Ukraine have been analyzed. It has been recognized that Ukrainian volunteer movement in 2014 become an unprecedented manifestation of public self-organization in its scale. The increasing of volunteer movement had been due to two chief factors: internal political crisis, that has led to the disbalance of the public administration systems, lack of quality management decisions, lack of resources, and external aggression which deepened the disbalance between the state’s ability to perform its functions effectively and ensuring the basic needs of the citizens. The crisis in the country and external influences had endangered the existence of Ukraine as a state, which has been received by its citizens as a personal challenge, as danger to their self-identification. It has been demonstrated that volunteer organizations are an influential social institute that acts on a voluntary basis and brings the country income and also solves a number of socially important issues instead of the state administration. In conclusion, volunteering is steadily becoming a foundation for civil society development. Without the work conducted by the volunteers it is hard to imagine NGOs and charities at all, the quality control over government and business becomes virtually impossible. Without volunteers there is not enough energy to fuel societal development, there’s not enough effort and time to help people in need, not enough creative potential for solving social problems.

A new characterization of finite σ-soluble PσT-groups

Let \(\sigma =\{\sigma_{i} \mid i\in I\}\) be a partition of the set of all primes \(\mathbb{P}\) and \(G\) a finite group. \(G\) is said to be \emph{\(\sigma\)-soluble} if every chief factor \(H/K\) of \(G\) is a \(\sigma_{i}\)-group for some \(i=i(H/K)\). A set \({\mathcal H}\) of subgroups of \(G\) is said to be a complete Hall \(\sigma \)-set of \(G\) if every member \(\ne 1\) of \({\mathcal H}\) is a Hall \(\sigma_{i}\)-subgroup of \(G\) for some \(\sigma_{i}\in \sigma \) and \({\mathcal H}\) contains exactly one Hall \(\sigma_{i}\)-subgroup of \(G\) for every \(i\) such that \(\sigma_{i}\cap \pi (G)\ne \varnothing\). A subgroup \(A\) of \(G\) is said to be \({\sigma}\)-quasinormal or \({\sigma}\)-permutable in \(G\) if \(G\) has a complete Hall \(\sigma\)-set \(\mathcal H\) such that \(AH^{x}=H^{x}A\) for all \(x\in G\) and all \(H\in \mathcal H\). We obtain a new characterization of finite \(\sigma\)-soluble groups \(G\) in which \(\sigma\)-permutability is a transitive relation in \(G\).

ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ВОЛОНТЕРСЬКИХ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙ ЯК ДЕТЕРМІНАНТА РОЗВИТКУ ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА В УКРАЇНІ

It analyses essential indicators of volunteering, volunteer work and the features of work conducted by volunteer organizations as an index of civic society development in Ukraine. The features of volunteer movements in Ukraine have been analyzed. It has been recognized that Ukrainian volunteer movement in 2014 become an unprecedented manifestation of public self-organization in its scale. The increasing of volunteer movement had been due to two chief factors: internal political crisis, that has led to the disbalance of the public administration systems, lack of quality management decisions, lack of resources, and external aggression which deepened the disbalance between the state’s ability to perform its functions effectively and ensuring the basic needs of the citizens. The crisis in the country and external influences had endangered the existence of Ukraine as a state, which has been received by its citizens as a personal challenge, as danger to their self-identification. It has been demonstrated that volunteer organizations are an influential social institute that acts on a voluntary basis and brings the country income and also solves a number of socially important issues instead of the state administration. In conclusion, volunteering is steadily becoming a foundation for civil society development. Without the work conducted by the volunteers it is hard to imagine NGOs and charities at all, the quality control over government and business becomes virtually impossible. Without volunteers there is not enough energy to fuel societal development, there’s not enough effort and time to help people in need, not enough creative potential for solving social problems.

Changing food trend and associated health risks

Global food consumption patterns have changed over time. Our eating regimens consistently are altogether different from what our parents or grandparents consumed. The food people consume, in the entirety of their social assortment, define to a large extent people's well-being, growth, and development. Traditional, generally plant-based diets have been gradually replaced by high-fat, energy-dense diets with a significant amount of animal-based foods. There are several health conditions that can be caused or aggravated by such a shift from the traditional dietary practices. This is identified as one of the chief factors contributing to the increasing prevalence of noncommunicable diseases. Conditions such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart ailments, gout, and even cancer are directly linked with an individual's diet. The present review is intended to explore the health hazards of unhealthy food practices prevalent today by providing scientific reasons. Our food practices are the chief factors for the preservation and promotion of good health throughout the life course and it may also determine whether or not a person is going to suffer from the diseases in future life.

Управленско въздействие върху индивидуалното и груповото поведение в бизнес организацията

In this academic article the main emphasis is the nature and specificity of human behavior in an organization. The chief factors that are influencing on an individual behavior are considered and analyzed, as well the useful management techniques for stimulation and limitation of individual and group behavior in the organization. The text presents all main views about the personal behavior‘ core, and highlights the varieties of responsible behavior of the employees as an integral part of the organization.

Response of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes grassei Clément (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) to pH of substrate

Reticulitermes grassei Clément is an Iberian subterranean termite whose feeding activity can damage both urban infrastructures and oak forests, becoming a main pest. In consequence, the development of new control methods compatible with the environmental conservation is a priority. Recently, techniques for termite control supported on the fact that the soil pH can be a chief factor in restricting termite populations have been explored. On this basis, we consider the possibility of taking advantage of certain current harmless silvicultural techniques, which also vary the soil pH, to control populations of R. grassei in natural environments. Before addressing this question, it was necessary to know the termite response to pH of substrate.For this instance, this work aimed to establish the range of pH in different zones of R. grassei nests and to determine the tolerance of this species to pH ranges outside of those observed in field. In addition, the effect of termite activity on soil pH is assessed. This research has been carried out from October 2018 to March 2019, in several natural areas from Córdoba (Spain). The results indicate that R. grassei preferably colonizes neutral or somewhat acid substrate, ranging from 5.4–7.5; the pH values in the inner nest increases towards the periphery. In addition, this species shows rather tolerance to alkaline substrate (pH ≤ 8.5). Nevertheless, it seems to be more sensitive to acid pH, being observed the lowest tolerance limit at pH≈ 4.5; if pH drops to 4.0, mortality is near 100 %. According to our results, the alkalization of substrate would not be a feasible procedure to control R. grassei populations in forest of southern Iberian Peninsula.

Food components and diet habits: chief factors of cancer development

AbstractFood is a vital need for everyone. Today, there is food for all, but the world still suffers from under- and over-nutrition and risk of cancer development and chronic diseases can follow both cases. Worldwide, cancer is a leading cause of mortality after cardiovascular disease; it is considered the second reason for death globally. Role of nutritional habits, the quality of food, the consumption of canned foods, genetically modified fruits and vegetables and exposed food to certain pesticides and carcinogens agents, and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours such as smoking, alcohol, obesity, and fast-foods consumption may be at risk to the development of some cancers. In recent decades, researchers have carried out attention in this field to improve the quality of life and to limit nutrition problems. Thus, this study aims to summarize current evidence on the relationship between nutritional factors and cancer expansion, how nutrition can be a heal and a source of fatal illness leading to death. In detail, this review will highlight the influence of specific foodstuffs on the threat of cancer incidence and recurrence by providing some examples of most carcinogenic compounds.