Chiang Ch Research Articles

Nonflammable Sulfone-Based Electrolytes for Achieving High-Voltage Li-Ion Batteries Using LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode Material

High voltage Li-ion batteries have been expected a forward technology designed for vehicles, marines and other high power and energy density applications 1–3. Among high voltage cathodes, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 is considered a promising cathode to reduce the battery cost as well as environmental hazard issues4,5. However, a high operation potential and Mn dissolution brings the most critical challenges for achieving the long cycle-life of Li-ion cell6,7.In this study, we report a rational design of nonflammable electrolyte based on LiBF4 and sulfolane (TMS) mixed with a dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as co-solvent to enhance conductivity. Among different molar ratios, the electrolyte LiBF4: TMS: DMC =1:2:1 in mol. exhibited the highest electrochemical stability (~ 6.1 V vs. Li+/Li) and ionic conductivity up to 1.57 mS.cm-1 at 30 oC. Cycling performance of LNMO/Li half-cell and LNMO/graphite full-cell cycled were carried out using the optimized electrolyte. While half-cells LNMO//Li display a high initial capacity of 118 mAh.g-1 and remain 56.48 % of initial value after 100 cycles, a full cell LNMO//Graphite with an areal loading of 1.0 mAh.cm-2 and low N/P ratio (~1.2) exhibited a better cycling stability than the one using commercial electrolyte 1M LiPF6/EC-DMC, 1:1 in vol (with initial capacity of 87 mAh.g-1 and capacity retention of 18% after 100 cycles8). References Goodenough JB, Kim Y. Challenges for Rechargeable Li Batteries. Chem Mater. 2010;22(3):587-603.Etacheri V, Marom R, Elazari R, Salitra G, Aurbach D. Challenges in the development of advanced Li-ion batteries: a review. Energy Environ Sci. 2011;4(9):3243.Amine K, Kanno R, Tzeng Y. Rechargeable lithium batteries and beyond: Progress, challenges, and future directions. MRS Bull. 2014;39(5):395-401.Kim J-H, Myung S-T, Sun Y-K. Molten salt synthesis of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 spinel for 5 V class cathode material of Li-ion secondary battery. Electrochim Acta. 2004;49(2):219-227.Patoux S, Daniel L, Bourbon C. High voltage spinel oxides for Li-ion batteries: From the material research to the application. J Power Sources. 2009;189(1):344-352.Jang DH, Shin YJ, Oh SM. Dissolution of Spinel Oxides and Capacity Losses in 4 V Li / LixMn2O4 Cells. J Electrochem Soc. 1996;143(7):2204-2211.Du Pasquier A, Blyr A, Courjal P. Mechanism for Limited 55°C Storage Performance of Li1.05Mn1.95 O 4 Electrodes. J Electrochem Soc. 1999;146(2):428-436.Wang J, Yamada Y, Sodeyama K, Chiang CH, Tateyama Y, Yamada A. Superconcentrated electrolytes for a high-voltage lithium-ion battery. Nat Commun. 2016;7(1):12032. Acknowledgement This work is supported by Ho Chi Minh city - Department of Science and Technology (DOST) under grant number 54/2020/HĐ-QPTKHCN.

«Compagna Chiang Ch’ing, le rivoluzioni tradiscono sempre, come i figli...». Mela o Della dialettica del Canone in Dacia Maraini.

Attraverso il dramma Mela di Dacia Maraini si intende riflettere sul difficile rapporto della scrittrice col canone (in questo caso, teatrale) e sulla funzione dialettica che in termini culturali esso può assumere. La pièce ha diversi livelli di lettura: l’azione in cui le protagoniste (la nonna Mela, la figlia Rosaria e la nipote Carmen) si confrontano; l’allegorizzazione delle loro dinamiche nella biografia di un personaggio, assente sulla scena, ma costante referente – Chiang Ch’ing, moglie di Mao, ricordata da Maraini anche come attrice e drammaturga della Rivoluzione Culturale Cinese – ; infine la ricorrenza nel testo di una riflessione metateatrale/culturale sul rapporto col Canone, fulcro simbolico dell’intero spettacolo.

Ethnologists in China

To those who have observed it for a long time, the People's Republic of China today has the appearance of a convalescent who has made his way back from a long illness and is slowly relearning to use his vital organs. And this is the consequence of the decisive and remarkable measures taken after the death of Mao Tse-tung and the subsequent elimination of his abusive widow, Chiang Ch'ing, by survivors of the great cultural revolution, now in the upper circles of the Chinese Communist party. Explanations were provided in the “Resolution on the History of the Chinese Communist Party” adopted June 27, 1981, at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the Eleventh Party Congress. But the real turning point dates from 1978, in the historic third session of this same Eleventh Congress when the opposition to Mao's chosen successor, Hua Guo-feng, called upon participants to “liberate their minds and to seek truth in the facts”. A new People's China had begun to take shape, and although it is not yet possible to pass judgement on its future prospects, visitors who travel there today can only bear witness to the return of this immense population to existential reality, while little by little the “barracks socialism” of the ultra-leftists is dying out.

Comrade Dowager Chiang Ch’ing

Chiang Ch'ing, the widow of Mao Tse-tung, will be remembered as one of the most controversial figures in this troubled and highly competitive century. Whether we praise or condemn her, laud her as a sincere if misguided patriot or condemn her as a secondrate actress interested only in self-aggrandizement, we cannot deny to her the prominent place she has earned in history. Rising from obscure origins of which we have little record (and much of that provided by herself), Chiang Ch'ing achieved for a brief number of years a degree of power over a vast number of people equalled by few men and possibly by no other woman in China's past. Whatever the final judgment of history on her, she deserves special notice as the defacto last Empress Dowager of China, and perhaps its most influential woman-at least until the appearance of a Chinese Indira Gandhi, which will not be soon. This essay will attempt to deal with Chiang Ch'ing as a creation of her times and the forces that dominated her society. The task is complicated by our closeness to her life and by the absence of a concluding act. For although she is under death sentence, Chiang's drama has not yet ended, and there are those who hope for a dramatic denouement. Chinese society formed Chiang Ch'ing. But it was her own psychological makeup that took her to the heights of power and, as some would have it, the depths of personal depravity. From her March 1914 birth in poverty in Shantung Province to her death sentence before a Peking court in January 1981, her life has been a drama whose most persistent theme has been her own striving for recognition and position. A woman of superior intelligence, ambition, and determination, and yet with chronic insecurities in both her personal and professional relationships, she has usually evoked either

Chiang Ch'ing's "Farewell Letter" to T'Ang Na

When you read this letter I trust that you will understand how difficult and painful it has been for me to "wait" so long for a convenient way, delaying until now, to say this to you.

Editor's Note: Chiang Ch'ing

In April 1936 in Hangchow, Chiang Ch'ing, then known by her professional name Lan P'ing was married to a movie actor, script writer, and critic named T'ang (real name: Ma Chi-liang). Two months later, her farewell letter to him appeared in Tao-pao of Peiping, June 30-July 1. A year later, she published an article entitled Why I Have Parted from T'ang Na in the Shanghai Lien-hua hua-pao of June 5, 1937. These two pieces were much talked about at the time, and according to some, they contributed to Lan P'ing's fame as a film actress. They are valuable sources for understanding the author's character and her life in the mid-thirties.

The Ideology and Personality of the Radical Left in the People's Republic of China

The context, ideology, and personality of four Chinese Commuist leftists (Mao Tse-tung, Chiang Ch'ing, Chang Ch'ung-ch'iao, and Yao Wen-yuan) are analyzed in depth. Three contextual factors that gave rise to the leftists are: alienation of Mao from the Communist Party, anxiety of a group of middle-level propagandists about the post-Mao era, and disaffection of the public. The ideology of the leftists warns about the danger of bourgeois restoration and calls upon China to return to the spirit of the revolutionary time before 1949. The personality pattern of Mao, Chiang, Chang, and Yao is analyzed and the radicalism of each is seen as a combination of personal need and social molding.

WAS the Revolution of 1911 the Struggle Between Confucians and Legalists?

Everybody knows that the Revolution of 1911 was an anti-imperialist and antifeudal democratic revolution led by the revolutionary and democratic group of the bourgeoisie in the period of the old democratic revolution in China. The leader of that revolution was Sun Yat-sen, and the guiding ideology was his old Three People's Principles. It is well known that Chairman Mao has made a series of scientific appraisals of these facts, but the newspapers and magazines controlled by the anti-Party clique of Wang Hung-wen, Chang Ch'un-ch'iao, Chiang Ch'ing and Yao Wen-yuan openly oppose Chairman Mao's scientific appraisals, betraying the fundamental principles of Marxism, distorting the Revolution of 1911 as a struggle between Confucians and Legalists, and replacing Sun Yat-sen as the standard-bearer of the revolution with Chang T'ai-yen, who played first an active and then a devastating role in the revolution. All this is part of the clique's attack on the Party in order to usurp the Party, seize power, restore capitalism and fabricate the "history" of the struggle between the Confucians and the Legalists.

The Bankruptcy of the Hoax of "Grandma Wolf"

Abstract Chiang Ch'ing, who wanted to become "empress" even in her dreams, frequently hummed this line from an old Peking opera: "My only regret is that I don't have a knife in my hand to kill people." This fully reveals her wolfish ambition for usurping military power of the Party. However, Chiang Ch'ing had neither official duties nor any base in the Army. What could she do? Thus, this white-boned demon who was accustomed to playing counterrevolutionary double-dealing tactics embarked on the deceptive trick of "Grandma Wolf" knocking at the door in a vain attempt to win military power by cheating. She wagged her tongue to bluff and deceive people everywhere. She said: "I have much affection for the Chinese People's Liberation Army," and "My heart is forever true to the Army." See how appealing to the ears her words were! Moreover, on the pretext of "caring" for the building of armed force units, she went down to grass-roots units of the Army where she delivered "materials," took group photos, extended "sympathy" and "greetings," and wrote "poems" and "inscriptions." Indeed, she racked her brain to "show her utmost concern." She thought that by "knocking" in the manner of "Grandma Wolf," the door of the Army would open and military power would be there for her to take. But Chiang Ch'ing made a miscalculation. The People's Liberation Army, applying Mao Tse-tung thought, perceived long ago that she was only a wolf in sheep's clothing. They simply refused to listen to her rubbish and slammed the door in her face.

Chiang Ch'ing and "Weeding out those at the Emperor's Side"

Chiang Ch'ing, who always dreamed of becoming empress, is evidently an uneducated careerist who only knew how to brand and beat people. Assuming the dignified look of an historian, she went around smugly talking about history and allusions. Wasn't this strange? Not at all. As it was, this was needed by the gang of four for usurping Party and state power. For this purpose, in early 1975, Chiang Ch'ing sneaked off to a grass-roots unit and glibly talked about weeding out those at the emperor's side. In her own words, she wanted to apply some historical experience and make the past serve the present. Good, let us see how past careerists have been used by careerists of today.

Devilish Tricks for Grabbing others' Merits and Usurping Power - A Critique of the Publication of "Battle of Hsi-Sha: A Poem-Report"

On March 15, 1974, Kuang-ming jih-pao published a so-called "poem-report," entitled "The Battle of Hsi-sha," in two full pages. This report was at once reproduced in all other newspapers throughout the country. Immediately afterward, it was broadcast by radio, presented on the theatrical stage, and printed in well-designed pamphlets sold in stores. Articles praising and applauding it were published in large numbers by the press. It was a big event. Why was this poem given so much publicity? With the exposure of the inside story about the concoction and release of this "poem-report," Chiang Ch'ing's devilish tricks for grabbing others' merits and usurping power was brought to broad daylight.

Behind Chiang Ch'ing's "Utmost Dislike of Folk Songs"

anti-Party clique of Wang Hung-wen, Chang Ch'un-ch'iao, Chiang Ch'ing, and Yao Wen-yuan did not start to hate the Party and the Chairman Mao today. Nine years ago, Chiang Ch'ing attacked obliquely The East Is Red, which is criminal evidence of her opposition to Chairman Mao.

The Wild Ambition for Usurping State Power Hidden in the "Chiang Ch'ing Dress"

The Wild Ambition for Usurping State Power Hidden in the "Chiang Ch'ing Dress"

A Major Exposure of Chiang Ch'ing's Features in Worshiping Foreign Things and Restoring Ancient Ways

A Major Exposure of Chiang Ch'ing's Features in Worshiping Foreign Things and Restoring Ancient Ways

How Chiang Ch'ing's Tooth was Lost

Abstract On April 4, 1975, in her speech to the personnel concerned with the Bureau of Cinematography of the Ministry of Culture and the film studios at Peking who attended the conference on methods of dyeing and printing, Chiang Ch'ing, the arch careerist and conspirator, said: "In my childhood, I bitterly hated feudalism. My mother was struck down by feudalism and to protect her, I was pushed to the ground, thus one of my teeth was broken — the yellowish one I have now. I started to combat feudalism in my childhood."

Chiang Ch'ing's Wolfish Ambition in Publicizing "Matriarchal Society"

Utilizing banner as tigerskin and employing name of revolution to pursue their own selfish interests were counterrevolutionary double-dealing tactics habitually used by anti-Party Gang of Four. When they thought there was a crack to take advantage of, dizzy with greed for gain, they dropped their disguise, bared their vicious features, and went to battle, stripped to waist. When great leader Chairman Mao was seriously ill and then after he passed away, Gang of Four gloated over our misfortune, thought that time was ripe, and hurriedly stepped up their plot for usurping Party leadership and seizing state power. Chiang Ch'ing, poisonous snake, slid to all parts of country to wag her tongue and wildly spurt venom. Manifestly she was an ignorant simpleton and silly ass, but she deliberately pretended to be erudite and an authority. She kept on prattling about the existence of a matriarchal society history and nonsensically said that in future society, men ...

Chiang Ch'ing's Three Counterrevolutionary Performances in the Thirties

Abstract The arch conspirator and careerist Chiang Ch'ing, who vainly attempted to usurp Party power, consistently styled herself for a long time as the "standard-bearer of the proletarian cultural revolution," "a progressive literature and art worker in the thirties." She even shamelessly boasted: "In the thirties, ‘the Four Fellows’ persecuted both Lu Hsun and me." She claimed that in the thirties she had already followed and protected Lu Hsun and that only Lu Hsun and she were opposed to Sai Chin-hua, a play of national defense, which trumpeted the theory of selling the country. Compelled by a sense of guilt, she further proclaimed: "I was a victim of the Wang Ming line." Chiang Ch'ing's deceitful activities and all kinds of lies, to use Lu Hsun's words in describing them, were no more than "gold lids on jars of human flesh, powder cream on ghosts' faces." Historical facts cannot be altered. Let's check with history books; it turns out that she was tied to Wang Ming's rightist deviationist capitulationist line and that, just like Chang Ch'un-ch'iao, she was an old capitulationist who fawned on the enemy.

Part I. Evidence of the Crimes Committed by the "Gang of Four" - Wang Hung-wen, Chang Ch'un-ch'iao, Chiang Ch'ing, and Yao Wen-yiian - of Splitting the Party and Usurping the Partv and State Power Before and After the Second Plenary Session of the Tenth CCP Central Committee and the Fourth National People's Congress

Part I. Evidence of the Crimes Committed by the "Gang of Four" - Wang Hung-wen, Chang Ch'un-ch'iao, Chiang Ch'ing, and Yao Wen-yiian - of Splitting the Party and Usurping the Partv and State Power Before and After the Second Plenary Session of the Tenth CCP Central Committee and the Fourth National People's Congress

Document of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, Chung-fa (1976) No. 24

Party Committees of Various Provinces, Municipalities and Autonomous Regions; Party Committees of Various Military Regions, Military Districts and Field Armies; Party Committees, Party Leading Groups or Party Nucleus Groups of the Various Departments, Ministries and Commissions of the Party Central Committee and the State Council; Party Committees of the Various Headquarters and Armed Services of the Military Commission: Issued to you now is Evidence of Crime of the Wang Hung-wen, Chang Ch'un-ch'iao, Chiang Ch'ing and Yao Wen-yüan Anti-Party Clique (Material No. 1). Please communicate it immediately to the w ole Party, the whole Army and people throughout the country and organize readings and discussions, to ensure that it be made known to every family and understood by everyone.

Chiang Ch'ing Cannot Shirk Responsibility for Her Crime in Sabotaging the Revolution in Literature and Art

The Party Central Committee headed by Chairman Hua Kuo-feng adopted wise and decisive measures to smash in a single move the anti-Party clique of the Wang-Chang-Chiang-Yao Gang of Four, remove the major scoundrels from the Party, rid the country of a big scourge, and redress the grievances of people. This really cheered the people greatly. The broad masses of revolutionary literary and artistic fighters in our opera troupe resolutely and warmly support Chairman Hua's brilliant and wise decisions.