Chi-square Method Research Articles

Preparing a scale for sports knowledge management and standardizing it for employees in student activities departments in Iraqi universities

Introduction: The importance of the research lies in the need to exchange sports knowledge between principals and their assistants and all workers in the field of extracurricular student activities, especially in the sports field. Objective: Preparing and standardizing the measure of sports knowledge management for workers in student activities. Methodology: The descriptive approach was adopted on a sample of (740) workers in student activities, where it was divided into (an exploratory experiment sample, a building sample, and a unification sample). Results: (57) items were prepared, (34) of which were validated by factor analysis of the validity of the test. The stability of the test was verified by the half-hash method with a value of (0.783) and by the chi-square method with a value of (0.744) at the level of significance (0.05) achieving raw grades ranging from (100 - 134) corresponding to (2.5236 to -3.0546) Z°, (75.24 to 19.45) T. Discussion: The validity and consistency of the measure of mathematical knowledge in its dimensions including mathematical knowledge, discovery, possession, application and communication has been verified. The measure of mathematical knowledge contributed to finding realistic solutions according to standard scores from raw data processing. All those in charge of student activities have an acceptable average view of the mathematical knowledge management scale. Conclusions: The possibility of preparing and standardizing the mathematical knowledge management scale for workers in student activities in Iraqi universities and the ease of applying the mathematical knowledge management scale to the construction and standardization sample.

Swimming Behavior Characteristics in Horses and Their Impact On Pregnancy Rates

In this study, the swimming behaviors of 20 Thoroughbred mares living in a private horse farm in Ulukışla district of Niğde and the effect of swimming on pregnancy rate were investigated. 20 English breed horses between the ages of 4-18 and without any health problems that would prevent them from getting pregnant were included in the study. The horses included in the study had no previous swimming experience. A veterinarian specialized in equine medicine collected the data by examining the observations and camera recordings. The behaviors of the horses around and inside the pool were observed. The pregnancy rate was determined by dividing the number of pregnant horses for each group by the total number of horses. The necessary graphs and tables were created with Microsoft Excel and SPSS statistical package programs to explain and analyze the statistical descriptive characteristics of the camera recordings and observation results. In the presented study, the analysis of pregnancy rates in the swimming group and the control group was performed using the Chi-square method with the SPSS statistical program. 19 of the 20 horses (95%) that were made to swim in the pool and 7 of the 12 horses (58.33%) that were made to swim in the pool became pregnant. The results revealed a range of behaviours including initial reactions to the pool, swimming techniques and post-swim activities. In particular, horses displayed a mixture of curiosity, attention and exploration when first introduced to the water, with the majority taking a measured and cautious approach during pool entry. Swimming behaviours were characterised by alertness, directional tendencies and vocalisations reflecting natural instincts and adaptability. Post-swim activities such as tail wagging, shaking and nose touching provided information on physical adaptation, moving away from the water and potential social or self-comforting behaviours. These findings contribute to the understanding of the behaviour of horses in aquatic environments and highlight the importance of welfare considerations in water-based activities for horses. Furthermore, addressing their natural behaviours and needs improves reproductive performance by an average of 37%. Further research may explore the specific triggers behind the observed behaviours, improve our understanding of equine behaviour in aquatic environments and encourage optimal care practices.

Sex steroid hormones mediate the association between neonicotinoids and obesity among children and adolescents.

Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticide worldwide. Toxicological and epidemiological studies suggest that exposure to neonicotinoid may be linked to the development of childhood obesity. However, the evidence is limited. To investigate the association between neonicotinoid exposure and obesity among U.S. children and adolescents and to explore underlying mechanism mediated by serum sex steroid hormones in these associations. Data from the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used for the analysis. Generalized linear regression was used to investigate the association between detectable neonicotinoids and ten measures of obesity. The interaction effects of multiple neonicotinoids were determined by Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection method. Mediation analysis was used to assess potential mediators of sex steroid hormones, including testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), T/E2, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and free androgen index (FAI). Clothianidin (β = -0.29, 95 % CI: -0.57, -0.01) and N-desmethyl-acetamiprid (β = -0.19, 95 % CI: -0.35, -0.03) were associated with reduced VFI z-score. After stratification, 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid was positively associated with the risk of general obesity in males (OR=2.24, 95 % CI: 1.20, 4.20) with a probability of 52.5 %. FAI mediated 15 % of the association between neonicotinoid exposure and reduced risk of obesity, and SHBG mediated 30 % of the association between neonicotinoid exposure and increased risk of obesity. Neonicotinoids showed associations with obesity, but the results were mixed and sex-specific. Sex steroid hormones may play a role in mediating the effects of neonicotinoids on obesity.

HUBUNGAN PENDIDIKAN DENGAN STATUS GIZI IBU SELAMA HAMIL DI PUSKESMAS MUSUK I

The background of this study is the nutritional status of mothers during pregnancy which can be influenced by several factors. The nutrition of pregnant women is one of the focuses of community nutrition improvement activities because of its significant impact on the condition of the fetus they are carrying. Nutritional problems that are often encountered in pregnant women are chronic energy deficiency (CED). The average level of education of the Indonesian population, especially women, is still low, this has an impact on health, encouraging infectious diseases and malnutrition. The 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) showed that the prevalence of CED risk in pregnant women (15-49 years) was still quite high, namely 17.3%. The percentage of pregnant women with CED is expected to decrease by 1.5% each year. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between education and maternal nutritional status during pregnancy at the Musuk I Health Center. The design of this study used a quantitative descriptive research type using a retrospective approach, the population technique used simple random sampling in the chi-square method, the population was 430 people who came from January to December 2023, using the slovin formula, a sample of 81 respondents was found. Research Results There is a significant relationship between maternal education and maternal nutritional status during pregnancy at the Musuk I Health Center. The results of the chi-square test obtained a value of ρ value = 0.046 <ɑ = 0.05, which means that there is a relationship between maternal education and maternal nutritional status during pregnancy at the Musuk I Health Center.

A STUDY ON SPENDING BEHAVIOUR THROUGH ONLINE AMONG POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS OF BHARATHIAR UNIVERSITY, COIMBATORE

Online spending behavior refers to the various ways consumers purchase goods and services over the Internet. This phenomenon has shown remarkable growth, with significant social and economic impacts, particularly among younger demographics. Online shopping has become integral to daily life, especially for college students who often seek convenience and variety in their purchasing decisions. This study specifically investigates the online spending behaviour of postgraduate students at Bharathiar University, aiming to gain insights into their shopping preferences and expenditure patterns. A proportionate random sampling method was employed, gathering 75 samples from the Arts and Science departments to ensure a representative overview of the student population. Descriptive statistics and the chi-square method were utilized for data analysis. The findings reveal that the frequency of online purchases is a key factor influencing spending behavior. Students predominantly purchase dresses and gadgets, indicating a preference for fashion and technology. On average, students reported spending approximately Rs. 4,074.59 over a semester, which spans six months. This study highlights the growing trend of online shopping among postgraduate students, showcasing their adaptability to digital marketplaces and the importance of understanding their spending habits for businesses targeting this demographic. KEYWORDS: Spending Behaviour, Bharathiar University, Online Shopping, postgraduate students, digital marketplace

Artificial Polytropic Behavior of Plasmas Determined from the Application of Chi-squared Minimization Analysis to Data with Significant Statistical Uncertainty

The effective polytropic index of plasmas is typically determined from the analysis of the plasma temperature (or pressure) and density, which are plasma bulk parameters determined from analyses of in situ plasma observations. Here, we show that the use of the typical chi-squared minimization method in plasma observation analyses results in artificial correlations between the plasma density and temperature, which will introduce errors in the determination of the plasma polytropic relationship. We quantify this potential error by analyzing simulated plasma observations. We specifically show that even in cases of nonvarying plasma, a significant statistical uncertainty in the observations leads to the determination of plasma parameters, which seemingly follow a nearly adiabatic model. Moreover, we consider isobaric plasma variations and discuss the error in the determined polytropic relationship as a function of the actual plasma variations and the statistical uncertainties of the determined parameters. We finally show that the use of an alternative analysis method improves the accuracy of the results.

Clinical Maternal and Neonatal Features in COVID-19 Infected Pregnancies in Tianjin, China.

Outbreak of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic, leading to over 6 million deaths worldwide. Pregnant women suffer from a higher risk facing the pandemic COVID-19, while their related clinical information is limited. The clinical information of SARS-CoV-2 positive (n = 30) and negative pregnant women (n = 134) in Tianjin First Central Hospital (from November 30, 2022, to January 20, 2023) were collected. All statistical analyses were conducted in R language, employing t test or Chi-square test methods. Significantly higher heart rate, temperature, and intrapartum hemorrhage were observed in positive pregnant women, besides fetal placentation grading, umbilical cord around the neck, cardiac B-scan ultrasound, and ultrasonic examination of lower limb vessels were significantly differential between positive and negative individuals. As for coagulation test, significantly higher activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), Thrombin Time (TT), and D-dimer (DD2) were found in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Liver function test results indicated that six indicators were significantly differential between positive and negative individuals. Compared to negative pregnant women, significantly abnormal liver function and coagulopathy were observed in positive patients. As the unique vulnerable population, SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant women should be payed more attention in clinical practice.

Assessment of the Dietary Pattern of Mothers on the Nutritional Status of their Under Five Children in Ilorin Metropolis

Malnutrition is a significant contributor to child mortality and morbidity in Nigeria, with poor dietary practices of mothers of under five children being a critical indicator of their nutritional outcomes and health status. This paper reviews studies on the influence of dietary practices on the nutritional status of children in Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria. The studies were sourced from various electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Sci-space, and Consensus. The study was conducted in the Ilorin metropolis, Kwara State, between February 15th and March 31st, 2024. The research aimed to assess the dietary patterns of mothers of their under five children in the city. The study used a descriptive design and a multistage sampling technique to select 225 children of under-five age. The sample size was determined using the Leslie Kish multistage formula. Data collection tools included self-structured questionnaires, weighing scales for children, and meter rules. The study used SPSS 25.0 windows for data analysis, which was presented using frequency distribution tables, percentages, chi-square, and univariate regression statistical methods. The findings showed that dietary practices by mothers significantly influence the body max index of children (at p<0.05), with undernutrition being more prevalent. Overweight and normal children were the least associated with dietary practices (at p<0.05). The study also found that the dietary practice of children is affected by mothers aged at first birth (at p<0.05), suggesting that mothers aged at first birth can contribute to formulating policies on right dietary practices to enhance nutrition security, especially for young mothers between 18 and 25 years old. The findings provided insights into strategic interventions to enhance dietary practices and eradicate all forms of malnutrition associated with undernutrition in children under five years old.

Review on Application of Chi-square Statistic in Text Classification in Recent Five Years

Abstract. The swift expansion of online textual data has rendered text classification increasingly vital in information management. Despite the prevalent usage of the chi-square test in text classification, there has been a scarcity of thorough research regarding its specific uses in recent years. Therefore, it is vital to encapsulate the research about the use of the chi-square test in text classification throughout the last five years. This report reviews the application of the chi-square statistic in Arabic text classification, social media data analysis, and medical literature classification and analyses its effectiveness in feature selection and enhancing classification performance. By reviewing and analyzing the academic literature, this report summarizes the application of improved chi-square feature selection methods to different text data types. It explores the effectiveness of these methods in improving classification accuracy. The findings indicate that chi-square has significant advantages in text classification in different domains, especially when dealing with complex linguistic texts and user-generated content.

Relationship between Gestational Age and Examination Results Triple Elimination of Pregnant Women at UPTD Jayakerta Community Health Center

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Syphilis, and Hepatitis B are sexually transmitted infections that pregnant women can pass to their babies. To address this, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia has implemented the Triple Elimination program based on WHO recommendations. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Triple Elimination screening compared to gestational age. Using the Chi-Square method, the research involved 47 pregnant women examined in the first, second, and third trimesters. Data was collected from reports of initial screenings in the first trimester, followed by re-examinations in the subsequent trimesters. A questionnaire with six questions was used. Statistical analysis with a p-value of 0.06 indicated a significant correlation between sexual intercourse habits and an increase in syphilis cases in the third trimester. Additionally, habits related to genital cleaning post-intercourse also significantly impacted syphilis rates. The study highlights the need for ongoing education for pregnant women on preventing sexually transmitted infections and the importance of early detection through Triple Elimination screenings.

Unveiling the Potential and Significance of Marketing Research in the Nigerian Banking Industry

This research aims to assess the significance of marketing research within the Nigerian banking sector. The study pursues the following objectives: First, to appraise the potential of marketing research as a gauge for a firm's advancement; second, to examine if marketing research contributes to a firm's economic viability; and third, to ascertain the extent of customer satisfaction achievable through marketing research. The research employed a combined descriptive and explanatory design. Data were collected through questionnaires and supplemented by library research. Both primary and secondary data sources were utilized, and data analysis employed the chi-square statistical method at a 5% significance level. The results were presented in frequency tables and percentages. The participants in the study consisted of 67 employees from the Union Bank of Nigeria Benin branch. The central focus of this research was to highlight the significance of marketing research within the Nigerian banking sector. The findings of the study revealed that the disregard for marketing research has precipitated the premature closure of banks in the industry. Moreover, the study demonstrated that marketing research holds the potential to enhance and cultivate the banking sector. In light of these findings, it is recommended that banks should proactively engage in marketing research to foster the growth and development of the banking industry.

Toxoplasma, Rubella and Cytomegalovirus Seroprevalence and Distribution by Age in Pregnant Women in Diyarbakir: Eight Years Experience

Objective: Toxoplasma, rubella and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections can cause malformations in the fetus, usually in the first three months of pregnancy. In this study, we aimed to examine the distribution of Immunoglobulin M (IgM) type and immunoglobulin G (IgG) type antibodies against toxoplasma, rubella and CMV in pregnant women in XXX over an 8-year period according to age groups. Methods: Pregnant women aged 15-49 years who applied to our hospital between 2015-2022 were included in this study. IgM and IgG antibodies for toxoplasma, rubella and CMV were studied with the Triturus automatic ELISA (Grifols SA, Barcelona, Spain) system and the Dia. ProDiagnostic Bioprobes (Milan, Italy) brand kit. Relationships between age groups and antibody seropositivity were investigated with the chi-square method at the p

The Influence of Internal Factors of Utilization of Posyandu Toddlers in the Working Area of the Sipiongot Health Center, Padang Lawas Utara Regency

Background: Posyandu is an important means of disease prevention and monitoring of the growth of toddlers. However, the level of community participation in Posyandu still varies, which is allegedly influenced by several internal factors. Objective: This study aims to analyze the influence of internal factors on the utilization of Posyandu for toddlers in the working area of the Sipiongot Health Center, Padang Lawas Utara Regency. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional study design on mothers under five who used Posyandu Madya and Purnama services in the working area of the Sipiongot Health Center. The sample was taken by accidental sampling technique for 60 days, involving 81 mothers under five. Data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to mothers of toddlers who came to the Posyandu. Data analysis was carried out using the chi-square method and logistic regression. Results: This study showed that internal factors such as education (p = 0.001), occupation (p = 0.001), and knowledge (p = 0.001) had a positive relationship with the utilization of Posyandu for toddlers. Of the three variables, knowledge shows the strongest influence on the utilization of Posyandu with an Exp(B) = 15.312 value. Conclusion: Internal factors have an important role in encouraging the use of Posyandu for toddlers. Therefore, increasing public knowledge and awareness about the benefits of Posyandu is urgently needed to ensure the optimization of sustainable health services for toddlers.

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli Isolates in Broiler Chickens at Slaughterhouse and Retails

This study aims to identify the antibiotic resistance pattern of Escherichia coli in the broiler food chain at poultry slaughterhouses and outlets. The sampling method used purposive sampling. Each of the 30 cecum and carcass samples was obtained from a Poultry Slaughterhouse, and 40 samples from 1 retail (consisting of 5 outlets), which received supplies from the same Poultry Slaughterhouse, were isolated and identified as E. coli. The results showed that 57 isolates were positively identified as E. coli, and the sensitivity was tested for the Antibiotic Susceptibility Test using the disc diffusion method. Statistical analysis using the Chi-Square method and Fisher's Exact Test (p-value=0.01) showed a pattern of sensitivity of Ciprofloxacin (p=0.89), Colistin (p=0.07), Sulfamethoxazole (p=1.00), Chloramphenicol (p=0.67) and Meropenem (p= <0.001). The highest resistance was found in frozen carcass isolates at the outlet to Colistin (69%), and E. coli isolates from cecum at the poultry slaughterhouse showed resistance to Meropenem (67%). Furthermore, it was discovered that 35% of isolates were only resistant to one type of antibiotic. Resistance bacteria may spread and threaten consumers' health while they get carried from farm to retail.

Exploring the cooking energy biomass and its impact on women's health and quality of life in rural households: a micro-environmental study from West Bengal in India.

Exposure to household air pollutants has become a significant environmental health concern in developing nations. This study aimed to understand the growing energy consumption within households, particularly for cooking, and its impact on women's health in rural areas. We conducted real-time monitoring of ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) levels in 61 rural kitchens in the Medinipur and Jhargram districts of West Bengal, India. Additionally, we calculated the Standard Living Index (SLI) based on socio-demographic factors from 540 households. Our analyses using ANOVA and chi-square methods revealed significant effects of cooking fuel types and locations on various health indicators among women. Eye irritation was prevalent across all fuel types, followed by shortness of breath (33%), coughing (22%), and dizziness (21%). Alarmingly, nearly half (48%) of children under five consistently accompanied their mothers during cooking, exposing them to health risks. Indoor air pollution, particularly from traditional fuels like fuelwood, cow dung cakes, and leaves, poses a grave threat to families. These fuels emit considerable amounts of PM2.5 and CO, with levels reaching as high as 565µg/m3 and 12.5ppm, respectively, leading to respiratory and cardiovascular complications. Clean cooking fuel users, such as those using LPG, reported improved quality of life scores across physical, psychological, social, and environmental categories. This study highlights the urgent need to transition to cleaner cooking fuels to mitigate adverse health effects on women and children in rural households.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA AND METABOLIC SYNDROME

Introduction: Factors that may increase the risk of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), and one theory suggests a possible connection between metabolic syndrome and the development of BPH. This study aims to investigate the potential relationship between metabolic syndrome and the development of BPH. Methods: This study analyzed medical records from Saiful Anwar Hospital in Malang from 2015 to 2020, using a case-control research design. It applied Chi-Square and Logistic Regression methods for data analysis. Results: The study, based on data from 90 patients, found that the highest number of BPH cases (75.56%) occurred in those with hypertension. Factors like body mass index and blood pressure were significantly associated with BPH (p-values = 0.046; OR = 2.473). Logistic regression confirmed the impact of fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, and body mass index categories on BPH. Conclusion: This research illustrates that there is an association between type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and obesity with the occurrence of BPH. However, there is no statistically significant relationship between the components of metabolic syndrome and the occurrence of BPH.

Polymorphism rs564398 of the ANRIL Gene as a Coronary-Artery-Disease-Associated SNP in Diabetic Patients of the Kazakh Population.

A cardiovascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus like coronary artery disease is influenced by a complex interplay between environmental, phenotypic, and genetic factors. The genetic mechanisms in the development of this pathology are not established. This study aims to evaluate the association of polymorphisms rs1011970, rs62560775, and rs564398 from the 9p21.3 locus with coronary artery disease in diabetic patients of the Kazakh population. A total of 343 people participated in the case-control study: the control group consisted of 109 people with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease, while the control group included 234 people. Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was carried out using Chi-square methods and calculating odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). According to the results, only the rs564398 polymorphism of the ANRIL gene was associated with coronary artery disease (p = 0.04). The CC genotype increased the risk of developing coronary artery disease by more than 1.5 times (1.62 (1.02-2.56)), whereas the TT genotype reduced the risk of coronary artery disease (0.39 (0.17-0.91)). The remaining polymorphisms, rs1011970 and rs62560775, were not associated with coronary artery disease. Thus, this research further elicits the association of the ANRIL gene with cardiometabolic disease.

Pemanfaatan Chi Square dan Ensemble Tree Classifier pada Model SVM, KNN dan C4.5 dalam Penjualan Online

This research aims to assist MSMEs in overcoming problems in online sales. Currently, sellers only prepare stock without knowing how well the products are sold in their market segment. In the city of Tangerang alone, there are 222,602 MSMEs with various product categories. Therefore, besides utilizing offline sales, business actors should also engage in online sales. This research conducts feature selection using the Chi-Square method and Ensemble Tree Classifier to select the top 6 and 10 features. The SVM, KNN, and C4.5 algorithms are used to build prediction models based on the selected features. Using feature selection, it was found that the influential features are Estimated Shipping Cost, Shipping Cost Paid by Buyer, Total Product Price, and Estimated Shipping Cost Discount. The evaluation results using the three algorithms, SVM, KNN, and C4.5, indicate that the highest accuracy value is obtained when using the C4.5 model with data from the ensemble tree classifier with 6 features at 0.86%, followed by the C4.5 model with 10 features, KNN with 6 features, and KNN with 10 features, all of which source data from the ensemble tree classifier with an accuracy value of 0.85%.

The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Blood Pressure Control in Hypertension Patients at the Sukawati I Community Health Center, Gianyar Regency

Background: Being overweight or obese is one of the factors that cause an increase in blood pressure. The bigger a person's body, the more blood is needed to supply nutrients and oxygen to other tissues and muscles. Bali Province, especially Gianyar Regency, has a relatively high number of hypertension sufferers. The highest estimate of hypertension sufferers is in the working area of the Sukawati I Public Health Center, with a prevalence of 8.55% of the total in Gianyar Regency of 17.35%. This research aims to determine the relationship between body mass index and blood pressure control in hypertensive patients at the Sukawati I Public Health Center, Gianyar Regency. Methods: The research design used was analytic observational with a crosssectional approach. The number of research subjects, namely 83 people, was taken by consecutive sampling technique. Data analysis will be carried out univariately and bivariate using the chi-square test method with a confidence level of 95% (p < 0.05). Results: The results of the univariate analysis showed that the majority of study subjects were aged 51-60 years (60.2%), were female (66.3%), most had normal BMI (66.3%), and 66.3% of subjects with hypertension were classified as have controlled blood control. Based on the results of statistical tests, a value of p = 0.003 (p < 0.05) was obtained, which indicated a significant relationship between body mass index and blood pressure control in hypertensive patients at the Sukawati I Public Health Center, Gianyar Regency. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the increasing BMI status of hypertensive patients will tend to have uncontrolled blood pressure.

Occurrence of Abortion in Different Breeds of Goats Reared under Semi-intensive Farming System at Organized Farms in Semi-arid Region of India

Background: Abortion is a major health problem of animals including goats, which results in significant financial losses for the farmers. The aim of the current study was to determine the occurrence of abortion in different breeds of goats reared under semi-intensive farming system at the organized farms in the semi-arid region of India, and to determine the relationship between the parity, season, and pregnancy stage of the aborted goats with the incidence of abortions. Methods: The data on the caprine abortions was collected and analyzed. The caprine abortions that occurred at the organized farms under a semi-intensive management system were categorized according to the season at the time of abortion, parity and pregnancy stage of the aborted goats. The Chi-Square test and ANOVA methods were used for the statistical analysis of the abortion data. Result: The occurrence of abortion in goats (combined farm) had a significant association with seasons and stages of pregnancy, whereas it was not associated with parities. Barbari, Jakharana and Jamunapari goats individually showed significant differences in abortion rates across various seasons, but did not exhibit significant variation in abortion rates with respect to different stages of pregnancy or parities. In the study, the majority of abortions were found in the winter season, followed by the rainy and summer seasons; similarly, most of the abortions were noticed in the later stage of pregnancy, followed by the mid- and early stages. There was the highest abortion rate in the goats with parity 3 and above, followed by the first and second parities. Further investigation is required to validate the current findings. In conclusion, the study revealed that abortion rates in goats are significantly influenced by seasonal changes and the stages of pregnancy.