Chest Circumference Research Articles

Morphological Variations and Path Coefficient Analysis of Zoometric Traits of Local Chickens in Tolon District of Northern Ghana

The knowledge of morphometric measurements is paramount in domestic chicken production and marketing practices hence this research was undertaken to determine the morphological characteristics of domestic chicken in the Tolon District of Ghana. Birds reared under the traditional scavenging system, were randomly selected in four (Nyankpala, Tolon, Woribogu and Dondo) communities. Live body weight (BW) and thirteen morphometric traits namely, body length (BDL), chest circumference (CC), thigh circumference (TC), drumstick length (DL), shank length (SL), wing length (WGL), neck length (NL), head width (HDW), hip width (HPW), comb length (CL), head length (HDL), wattle length (WAL) and beak length (BKL) were measured. The data was subjected to general linear model, correlation and path coefficient analyses. The results revealed that, domestic chickens were generally smaller in sizes. The average values recorded were 0.99kg, 18.98cm, 20.60cm, 7.78cm, 11.78cm, 8.05cm, 16.17cm, 12.15cm, 2.34cm, 7.57cm, 3.39cm, 2.28cm, 1.70cm and 2.60cm for BW, BDL, CC, TC, DL, SL, WGL, NL, HDW, HPW, CL, HDL, WAL and BKL respectively. Location of birds significantly (P< 0.05) affected morphometric traits (BDL, CC, TC, SL, WGL, NL, HDW, CL, HPW, and WAL) of birds. Similarly, sex of birds had significant (P<0.05) effects on BDL, DL, SL, WGL, NL, HDW, CL, HDL, WAL and BKL whereas age had no significant (P>0.05) influence on any morphometric traits. The presence of crest affected (P<0.05) the variations in DL, SL, WAL and BKL. Also, presence of spur affected the variations (P<0.05) in BW, DL, NL, CL, HDL, WAL and BKL whiles comb type had no significant (P>0.05) effects on any morphometric trait. Correlation coefficients were generally low, with the highest (0.513) recorded between TC and CC. The highest direct path coefficient was obtained from CC (0.237), followed by BDL (0.156) and WAL (0.153). The findings of this work will be useful in characterization studies and breeding program for local domestic chickens.

Features of anthropometric indicators as a phenotypic characteristic of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia syndrome

Aim: To determine the association of anthropometric indicators with the severity of dysplastic phenotype in the age group of 14–18 years.Material and Methods. An anthropometric survey of 382 volunteers was conducted according to the recommendations of Norton, Kevin on 54 indicators. Anthropometric numerical data of individual traits, as well as the calculated percentage and absolute amount of fat, muscle and bone components, and, accordingly, the coefficients of the predominance of ecto-, meso- and endomorphic components in the somatotype structure and indices were processed by methods of variational statistics to obtain averages. The analysis of indicators of physical development of adolescents (height for age, body mass index (BMI) for age) was carried out in accordance with the methodological recommendations of the World Health Organization on the Z-score system using the software “WHO AnthroPlus” v.1.0.4. for children 5–19 years old. The degree of severity of the phenotypic signs of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD) was formed according to the point system, taking into account the presence of professional sports in the daily life of volunteers in the past and present.Results. The minimum severity of the dysplastic phenotype was registered in 20% of cases, the average – in 25% of the examined, pronounced signs of UCTD were observed in 55% of boys and girls. In the structure of anthropometric data, the indicators characterizing UCTD were revealed, especially with a pronounced degree of manifestation: high growth, an increase in chest circumference, the ratio of hand to height, foot to height and arm span to height (p < 0.05). Among the surveyed with pronounced signs of UCTD, 59% were engaged in professional sports, namely high-static, medium-dynamic disciplines (gymnastics, figure skating, volleyball, light and weightlifting). In the vector analysis of the components of the catfish examined with an average degree (7–14 points) and a pronounced UCTD phenotype (more than 14 points) are characterized by large endomorphy and mesomorphy indices (p < 0.05). With an increase in the severity of the UCTD phenotype, an increase in the number and change in the quality of associations of the average score of the scale of phenotypic manifestations with anthropometric parameters was registered.Conclusion. The wide prevalence of phenotypic signs of UCTD in a representative sample of children and adolescents in Tomsk was revealed. The relationship between the frequency of the main signs of UCTD and physical activity has been established. The constitutional features of the physique of persons with preclinical manifestations of UCTD are determined. Associations of the degree of severity of the UCTD phenotype with anthropometric parameters have been recorded. Taking into account the fact of genotypic conditioning of the physique and the hereditary nature of the dysplastic phenotype, as well as the data obtained, an anthropometric examination with the identification of the somatotype can be offered as a screening of UCTD.

Effects of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Respiratory Function and Thickness of the Diaphragm in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Rehabilitation is an effective method for improving the overall health of patients who have experienced the long-term effects of COVID-19. The double-blind, randomized prospective study assessed the effectiveness of a 6-week rehabilitation program among post-COVID-19 patients. A total of 59 patients under treatment following COVID-19 were randomly divided into two groups. Both groups completed the same six-week comprehensive exercise training program supported by a respiratory muscle trainer (Threshold IMT) during out-patient sessions. The control group performed placebo IMT. Respiratory muscle strength, chest wall expansion, spirometry, and diaphragm ultrasonography measurements were taken before and after the six weeks. The applied rehabilitation program improved respiratory muscle strength in both the study and control groups (p < 0.001). There was a significant chest circumference increase in the study group (p < 0.001). Spirometric parameters improved in both groups, with the study group showing a greater improvement: 8.02% in FEV1 (p < 0.001), 13.24% in FVC EX (p < 0.001) and 9.67% in PEF (p < 0.001). Rehabilitation also increased diaphragm thickness during maximum inhalation in both groups. Based on the study findings, the specialized outpatient rehabilitation program developed for post-COVID-19 patients has proven to be effective and safe.

Comparison Productivity of PE and Boer Goats Based on Body Size and Semen Macroscopic

This study aims to provide an overview of the productivity of PE goats and Boer goats as material for determining policies and programs for goat development in Indonesia. This research was conducted on November 29, 2021-December 29, 2021 at ASP Farm, Karangploso District, Malang. The material used was body size and semen macroscopic data from 10 PE goats and 10 Boer goats. The tools used are Artificial Vagina (AV), scale tube, pH meter, meter, measuring range and measuring stick. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive method. The results of the study observing the body size of PE goats were very significantly different from Boer goats (P&lt;0.01). The average body length, chest circumference and shoulder height of PE goats were 88.4 cm, respectively; 92.1 cm; 90.2 cm and the male Boer goat is 76.7 cm; 87.2 cm; 79.3 cm. For the results of the macroscopic analysis of semen there was no significant difference except for the volume. For PE goats the average value of semen volume = 1.16 ml; color= 2,20; odor= 3.0; consistency = 2.40; and pH = 6.80. while the average volume of Boer goat semen = 0.96 ml; color= 2.60; odor= 3.0; consistency = 2.80; and pH= 7.0. The conclusion of this study is that PE goats are better than Boer in terms of body size and semen macroscopically.

Injuries Associated with Prehospital CPR Provided by Professionals and Non-Professionals in Bangkok EMS

Background: This study is to concentrate on adverse outcomes of CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) among different performers that are trained first responders, professional practitioners, and automated devices by exploring types of injuries and comparing between datasets. It is also to find out potential contributing factors for each injury which display statistical significance.&#x0D; Methods: Forensic autopsy data from a single center covering almost half of Bangkok and her outskirts which were performed during October 2020 to January 2021 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The data were divided into 3 groups, namely, TFR (trained first responder), PP (professional practitioner), and Auto (automated device i.e. LUCAS system). Thoraco-abdominal injuries were recorded including soft tissue, bone and internal viscera. Factors including age, BMI, sternal length (SL) and chest circumference (CC) were categorized in each injury. Statistical comparison between groups and analysis for significant factors were performed.&#x0D; Results: A total number of 158 cases reported as OHCA with exclusion of thoraco-abdominal injuries were recruited. The most commonly found as a hallmark of CPR injuries are chest wall fractures especially those of ribs (65.7%). Bilateral anterior rib fractures are more common than unilateral. Significantly associated factors to rib fractures are age and BMI. Other injuries are sternal fractures, lung contusions and lacerations, epicardial and subendocardial hemorrhages, cardiac contusions, liver lacerations, and pancreatic and splenic hemorrhages. No statistical difference between injuries generated by trained first responders and professional practitioners. LUCAS devices show higher incidence of injuries than manual CPR.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study may provide useful information for clinicians to investigate and monitor potential CPR complications as well as for forensic physicians to concern the injuries possibly caused by CPR.

Divergent planes of nutrition in mature rams influences body composition, hormone and metabolite concentrations, and offspring birth measurements, but not semen characteristics or offspring growth.

Objectives of this experiment were to characterize the effects of ram plane of nutrition on body composition, concentrations of hormones and metabolites, sperm characteristics, and offspring outcomes. Mature Rambouillet rams (n = 24, BW = 82.9 ± 2.63kg) were individually housed and randomly assigned to either a positive (POS; n = 8), maintenance (MAINT; n = 8), or negative (NEG; n = 8) plane of nutrition for an 84-day feeding period. Rams were fed a common diet, with daily feed allocations adjusted weekly based on body weight (BW) to achieve the targeted weight gain or loss (approximately 12% of initial BW). On 0, 28, 56, and 84-d, body condition score (BCS) and scrotal circumference (SC) were recorded, and blood and semen were collected. Following the feeding period, rams were placed in pens with 10 ewes each for a 28-d breeding period. Ewes were managed similarly throughout gestation and body weight and measurements were recorded at birth and weaning. Data were analyzed as repeated measures in time where appropriate with the mixed procedure of SAS, and individual ram was the experimental unit for all analysis. Ram BW was influenced by a treatment × day interaction (P < 0.001), with POS (0.12 ± 0.01kg) having greater daily weight change than MAINT (0.1 ± 0.01kg), which was greater than NEG (-0.12 ± 0.01kg). Ram BCS and SC were influenced by treatment × day interactions (P ≤ 0.01), being similar on day 0 but POS being greater than NEG by day 56. Concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) and T3:T4 ratio exhibited treatment × day interactions (P ≤ 0.02), as POS had greater values than NEG by day 84 (P ≤ 0.02). Concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 was greater in POS than MAINT and NEG (P ≤ 0.02), and non-esterified fatty acids and thyroxine (T4) were influenced by a day effect (P ≤ 0.01), but testosterone was unaffected (P ≥ 0.09). Minimal differences in semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, or morphology were observed among treatments (P ≥ 0.31). A similar proportion of ewes bred by rams in the respective treatments lambed and weaned lambs (P ≥ 0.54). Birth weight, chest circumference, and shoulder-hip length were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in NEG lambs compared with POS and MAINT; however, no differences were detected in weaning weight and weaning body measurements (P ≥ 0.40). Findings suggest paternal nutrition during the period of sperm development may influence offspring outcomes, potentially as a result of in-utero programming of paternal origin.

Analyzing the effects of the Spanish Civil War on biological well-being through new anthropometric indicators

ABSTRACT Numerous studies have demonstrated the negative impact of severe economic shocks (such as those associated with wars) on the growth of children and adolescents. Individuals exposed to these shocks during their developmental years exhibited shorter average heights compared to both previous and subsequent generations. Anthropometric research has highlighted the sensitivity of the height variable in understanding the biological well-being of children and adolescents. However, little attention has been paid to the evolution of other anthropometric variables. This study investigates the impact of the famine following the Spanish Civil War on biological well-being in nine municipalities of the Region of Valencia (with over 120,000 observations of individuals born between 1890 and 1955) using two indicators: chest circumference, and the percentage of individuals of short stature. Our findings confirm that both of these anthropometric indicators were responsive to the economic shock of the Civil War. The well-being levels prior to the war took 20 years to recover.

Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristic of Thin and Fat Tailed Sheep

This study aims to determine the Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristic of Thin and Fat Tail Sheep. The study starts from August 2023 until December 2023 in PT Juara Agroniaga Sejahtera, Jepangrejo Village, Blora City District, Blora Regency. The material used in this study was 39 Thin-tailed Sheep and 28 Fat-tailed Sheep aged 1-2 years. The variables measured where Quantitative data were body height (BH), body length (BL), chest circumference (CC), body weight (BW), and Qualitative data were fur color and horn. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation, and regression method. The results of this study showed that the correlation between body height (BH), body length (BL), chest circumference (CC) with body weight (BW) in DET and DEG were 0.62, 0.71, 0.72, 0.27, 0.69, 0.65 respectively. The results of this study showed that the regression between body height (BH), body length (BL), chest circumference (CC) with body weight (BW) in DET and DEG were BW = -14.03 + 0.71 BH; BW = -15.45 + 0.74 BL; BW = -21.95 + 0.65 CC and BW = 8.69 + 0.33 BH; BW = -6.76 ± 0.59 BL; BW = -19.43 ± 0.65 CC respectively. The results of this study showed that the dominant wool color pattern of DET is single white, 74.36% white, 15.38% black, and 5.13% brown and DEG is single white, 67.86% white, 14.29% black, and 7.14% brown. DET was 2.56% with horn then 97.44% without horn and DEG is 100% without horn.

Anthropometric Linear Measurements as Surrogate Marker in Low Birth Weight Infants: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Low Birth Weight (LBW) is linked to perinatal mortality and morbidity, growth, and cognitive developmental defects, along with a greater tendency to develop non communicable diseases later in life. In many settings, the birth weight of infants is not properly noted; weight is either not measured appropriately or tabulated accurately. This has necessitated the use of alternative indices in lieu of birth weight to reliably identify LBW babies, especially in settings where the availability of weighing scales is very limited. Aim: To determine the reliability of anthropometric measurements as a surrogate marker of weight in LBW infants born in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, India from March 2023 to May 2023. Admitted inborn babies (n=2074) in the postnatal ward and inborn Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) were included. LBW was defined as &lt;2500 grams. Crown-heel Length (CHL), Chest Circumference (CC), Head Circumference (HC), and Mid-upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) were measured. Student’s t-test and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to statistically analyse the data. Results: Out of the 2074 included babies, 1123 were male, and 471 were LBW. The mean birth weight of the LBW cohort was 1.98±0.45 kg compared to 2.78±0.33 kg in the NBW cohort (p-value&lt;0.05). CHL, CC, HC, and MUAC were all significantly lower in the LBW cohort compared to the NBW cohort. MUAC seemed to be the best indicator of LBW. The cut-offs for CHL, HC, CC, and MUAC were 48.5cm, 33.5cm, 30.5cm, and 10.5cm, respectively. Conclusion: The MUAC was strongly correlated with birth weight. MUAC is easy to obtain, simple to perform, and does not require sophisticated equipment.

Correlation Between Morphometric Traits and Body Weight in Fat-Tailed Sheep

This study was conducted to determine the correlation between morphometric traits and body weight in fat-tailed sheep. The materials used this study were 80 Fat-Tailed sheep aged 90 days to 2 years. The variables measured were morphometric traits (body weight, body length, and chest circumference) and body weight. The data obtained were analyzed using pearson correlation and regression methods. The result showed that the correlation between morphometric traits and Body Weight (BW) of Fat-Tailed Sheep were as follows: Body Height (BH) = 0.53, Body Length (BL) = 0.55, and Chest Circumference (CC) = 0.71. The results of this study indicate that the regression between morphometric traits and Body Weight (BW) of Fat-Tailed Sheep aged 90 days to 2 years were as follow: BW = - 12.38 + 0.72 BH, BW = -21.35 + 0.88 BL, BW -10.78 + 0.57 CC. The conclusion obtained is that the correlation between morphometric traits and body weight in Fat Tailed Sheep aged 90 days to 2 years, with correlation values ranging from 0.53 to 0.71 indicates a medium to strong correlation coefficient. CC has the highest correlation with BW compared to BH and BL.

Profile of beef cow Calf Afkir at the Bali cattle Center Sobangan, Mengwi-Bali

Culling cows is a management practice that should be routinely employed to remove cows that fail to wean a calf on an annual basis or develop physical issues that inhibit performance, and to meet the resource availability of the beef cattle enterprise. Culling cows from the cow herd creates vacancies to be filled to ensure the long-term herd size and revenue potential of the operation. This study was conducted to determine the performance of female Bali cattle rejected at the UPT. Bali Cattle Center Sobangan Mengwi-Badung, Bali. The samples observed were 170 Bali beef cow calves that would be culled. The parameters observed were age, body weight, shoulder height, body length, and chest circumference. Apart from that, observations of abnormalities or body defects that can be observed from the outside were carried out, as well as additional information from recordings held by the UPT. The results of this research showed that the profile of the cows rejected at the Bali Sobangan Mengwi Bali Cattle Center was an average age of 13.25 ± 1.4 years, body weight 292.69 ± 48.3 kg, chest circumference 167.41 ± 12.0 cm, body length 125.77 ± 5.3 cm, and body height 115.75 ± 6.2 cm. This research concluded that even though the female cows that were rejected are old (13.25 ± 1.4 years old), the condition of these cows still has the potential to be sold as beef cattle.

Estimation of The Correlation Value of Body Weight and Linear Body Size of KUB Chickens Fed Fermented Cow Feces

The purpose of this study was to estimate the correlation value of growth traits and linear body size of KUB chickens fed feed containing fermented cow feces such as body weight, shank length, chest circumference, back length, and wingspan of KUB chickens from 8 to 16 weeks of age. Forty-eight adult chickens were used as parents consisting of 8 males, and 40 females. From their AI mating, they produced 100 chicks as research materials. A completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 5 replications for each treatment was used in this study. A correlation analysis was carried out using Spearman correlation analysis to calculate the correlation value and error standard. All data obtained were analyzed using SPSS release 21 software. The results showed that KUB chickens that consumed feed containing fermented cow feces as much as 10% were able to produce body weight and linear body size that was better than other treatments. The estimated correlation value between body weight and linear body size of KUB chickens consuming fermented cow feces varied from very strong to very weak. For selection purposes, it can be carried out mainly on traits with high positive correlation values.

Designing an IoT-Based Vest for Elderly People with Dementia

The increasing elderly population is causing various changes that have an impact on health problems, one of which is cognitive function, namely dementia. This research will aim to create a smart vest that will have the main feature of location tracking, especially when the user is outside the home and has no supervision. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method, usability, and anthropometry will be used to determine appropriate evaluation steps based on product needs analysis to ensure users can use the product easily, efficiently, and satisfactorily. In making VesTi products, several processes are carried out based on the main and body parts, namely the front and back vest, vest pockets, zippers, heart rate sensors, airbags, GPS sensor module, and crash collision sensor. Using the QFD method, the crash sensor variable has a value importance rating of 5.33 and a value relative view of 30%, which means that more attention is needed for developing crash sensors in VesTi products. Based on usability testing, the level of satisfaction at grades A+ or acceptable. The anthropometry used; chest circumference is 106 cm, shoulder width is 37 cm, waist circumference is 100 cm, wrist circumference is 18 cm, and front torso height is 67 cm.

A comprehensive analysis of anthropometric indicators in preschool children suffering from recurrent respiratory infections.

Aim: To determine the state of relationship between anthropometric indicators and susceptibility to recurrent respiratory infections in preschool children. Materials and Methods: A total of 143 children (73 boys and 70 girls) aged 12-59 months, undergoing inpatient treatment on acute respiratory infection, were involved in the clinical study. The number of acute respiratory infection episodes during a previous year of their lives was taken into account. Besides, the basic indicators of physical development were assessed in the children, including: 1) body weight; 2) body length; 3) chest circumference; 4) body mass index; 5) body surface area; 6) Vervek's index. Results: Cross-tabulation and rank correlation analysis did not demonstrate any interdependence between the susceptibility of the children examined to recurrent respiratory infections and their anthropometric indicators. Simultaneously, linear regression analysis showed that in the children aged 12-23 months, resistance index depended on their age and body length. The relative importance of the combined effect of the two above-mentioned indicators among all other potential risk factors for recurrent respiratory infections was 32.2%. Conclusions: The detailed analysis of the findings outlined the methodological basis for further studies of the association between the incidence of acute respiratory infections in preschool children and their physical development. Multivariate statistical calculations of various risk factors for recurrent respiratory infections, including abnormal anthropometric indicators, are likely to increase the informational value of subsequent examinations.

Sustaining livestock: minimum technical requirements and quality standards for Angus Grade - Black Cattle in Sragen Regency in supporting livestock preservation

This research focuses on establishing the minimum technical requirements and quality standards for Angus Grade - Black Cattle, to promote sustainable livestock practices and support the preservation of genetic resources. The absence of standardized quality measures for Angus Grade - Black Cattle necessitates the use of data from field surveys in Sragen Regency as a baseline for initial quality standards until national standards are established. The study defines the minimum technical requirements for Angus Grade - Black Cattle breeding, with a special emphasis on sustainable production, encompassing both qualitative and quantitative criteria. the minimum requirements (in centimeters) of chest circumference, shoulder height, body length for male candidates aged 24-36 months are: Class 1 - 191, 139, 140; Class 2 - 187, 138, 137; Class 3 - 182, 137, 135, for female candidates aged 18-24 months are: Class 1 - 170, 127, 129; Class 2 - 168, 125, 126; Class 3 - 165, 124, 124, female candidates aged 24-36 months are: Class 1 - 178, 130, 131; Class 2 - 174, 129, 128; Class 3 - 170, 128, 126, respectively. These stringent requirements aim to select high-quality Angus Grade - Black Cattle for breeding, ensuring sustainable livestock production, genetic preservation, and overall productivity.

THE PATTERN OF SILVER-RUSSELL SYNDROME: OWN OBSERVATION

Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) –is an orphan disease characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation. Children have special phenotypes, difficulties in feeding, the threat of insulin resistance, hypoglycemia, and accelerated sexual development. Aim: Increasing the effectiveness of SRS diagnosis based on the study of the features of the clinical and genetic course. Material and Methods: Clinical examination, blood tests, biochemistry, genetic tests, polymer chain reactions, and ultrasound examination have been carried out. Results: The child, 5 years old, was born from 2nd full-term pregnancy at 37 weeks, 2nd cesarean delivery with a body weight of 1900 g, height of 46 cm, head circumference of 30 cm, and chest circumference of 27 cm. Apgar scored 6/7 points. Neonatal adaptation disorders, intrauterine development, symmetrical shape, risk of hemolytic disease of the newborn according to the Rhesus factor (total bilirubin 190.0 μmol/l). The child had a special phenotype: asymmetry of the body with a relative increase in head circumference, a small triangular face with a protruding forehead, a narrow chin, a small jaw, and curvature of the 5th finger. From birth, insufficient body weight gain was observed (60 g per week, 400 g from birth in 6 weeks), which was explained by physiological vomiting and lactase deficiency (homozygous carrier of genotype C/C during PCR analysis). Body weight at the age of 1 year 5.200 g, height 63 cm, at the age of 5 years body weight 10.2 kg, height 91 cm. The child had heightened intellectual and psychological development. For the sake of differential diagnosis, a study was conducted for the presence of Gaucher’s disease (the result was negative). The results of immunologic tests: IgA 0.77 g/l, tTgIgA&lt; 2.0 units/ml, and tTgIgG 0.05 denied the presence of celiac disease. Clinical diagnosis was established according to the Netchine-Harbison scoring system (NH-CSS), which consists of 6 clinical criteria of NH-CSS. Gene sequencing revealed changes in the variant of uncertain significance SLK25A15, the genetic significance of which is unknown, which did not allow to confirm the diagnosis. Invitae Chromoso-mal Microarray Analysis of genome research on microdeletions (duplications) revealed, with a normal female genomic profile, uniparental dysfunction with two areas of homozygosity ROH&gt;5Mb (GRCh370) in chromosome 20: 20q13-p12.3(1-6690101; 6.69Mb and 20q13.32- q13.33(57394420- 63025520); 5.63 Mb. This change is characterized as a SRS variant, which created the basis for the diagnosis. Therefore, the child has a genetically confirmed diagnosis of SRS and congenital lactose intolerance. Somatotropic hormone (Omnitrop) was prescribed at a dose of 0.6 mg/day continuously. Conclusions: 1. The child’s SRS diagnosis was established on the basis of phenotype data, slow weight gain and growth, genetic research data, and the exclusion of the possibility of other conditions with the impaired physical development of the child. 2. The child needs a multidisciplinary approach to observation and treatment by a pediatrician or family doctor, endocrinologist, geneticist, nutritionist, surgeon, and gynecologist.

Effect of Thoracic Mobility with Breath Stacking Exercise on Chest Expansion in Postsurgery Breast Cancer Patients: A Pilot Study

Context: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women accounting for nearly 14% of all types of cancer for which the therapeutic procedure modified radical mastectomy is frequently performed on patients. Postsurgery patients are prone to having incision or suture site pain that will interfere with chest expansion. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of thoracic mobility exercises along with the breath stacking technique on chest expansion in breast cancer patients. Settings and Design: It was an experimental study carried out in an outpatient hospital setting. Subjects and Methods: A total of 46 participants eligible as per inclusion criteria were randomly assigned into 2 groups using a simple random sampling method. During the study period, Group A, the experimental group (n = 23), received thoracic mobility and breath stacking technique and the conventional group (n = 23) received thoracic mobility exercises alone. Pre- and postchest expansion was determined using a tape measure at the axillary and xiphisternum levels. Statistical analysis used: Data were analyzed using MS Excel on Windows 10 and usingStatistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). Baseline data for participants in the experimental and comparison groups were summarized using descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics included frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation. Results: Chest circumference score at axillary and xiphisternum levels significantly improved in the intervention group after 4 weeks of the rehabilitation program (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: The present study concludes that thoracic mobility exercises along with the breath stacking technique are beneficial for improving chest expansion in postsurgery breast cancer patients.

المظاهر الوراثية لجين ACTN3 / EXON-19 وارتباطها بأداء خيول الثيربرد في العراق

The research was conducted in the Iraqi Equestrian Club (15 km west of Baghdad city center) for the period from 10/1/2021 to 11/30/2022, with the aim of revealing the ACTN3 gene/ EXON-19 region polymorphism and its relationship to the performance of Thoroughbred horses. British in Iraq. It was found that there are 3 variants (3 SNPs) in the ACTN3 gene with respect to exon 19 and in different sites , which are rs1143578253, their polymorphism are TT, TA, and AA and their distribution ratios were 15.38, 56.41 and 28.21%, and that the non-significant difference, and the frequency of the allele was 0.44 and 0.56 for the two alleles C and T, respectively, and the heterogeneity rs1141508235. It appeared that there were two genotypes of the studied piece in the ACTN3/ EXON19 gene in the thoroughbred horses, CC and CT genotype, with the absence of the TT structure, and the highly significant differences (P≤0.01) between the distribution ratios of the combinations in the British thoroughbred, as the two ratios were 87.18 and 12.82% for the two genotypes CC and TC, and the allelic frequencies for the C and T alleles were 0.94 and 0.06, respectively. The distribution percentages of ACTN3/EXON19 gene polymorphism at position rs1146645613/SNP for the horse sample in this study had high significant differences (P≤0.01) between the genotype's distribution percentages in the British thoroughbred, and the percentages were 87.18 and 12.82% for the two genotypes TT and TC, and the mutant structure did not appear. CC and the frequencies for the T and C alleles were 0.94 and 0.06, respectively. There was a significant variation (P≤0.05) in the depth of respiration after exercise according to the different polymorphism of the rs1143578253 hetero, and the highest rate was for the TT combination (84.80 ± 5.13 seconds) as well as the number of respiration times after exercise, but for the hybrid genotype TA (59.16 ± 1.81 times/min), there was There was a highly significant variation (P≤0.01) in the rate of speed according to the genotype of the thoroughbred horses, and the highest rate of speed was for horses with the mutant genotype AA and the lowest for their counterparts with the wild genotype TT. It is concluded from the study that the ACTN3 gene has a distinct role in some of the traits studied on British terrier horses in Iraq, especially the number and depth of respiration after exercise, rate of speed, and some body measurements, specifically body length, chest circumference, and frontal height, as it varied significantly with the difference in the polymorphism of some variations.

THE DIFFERENCES IN ARABIAN HORSE BODY MEASUREMENTS USED IN DIFFERENT HORSE SPORTS (RACING AND JEREED)

Numerous sports disciplines employ Arabian horses. The use of Arabian horses bred in Turkey for flat racing and javelin (jereed) sport was examined in this study, as well as the effects of aging. 13 different physical sections of Arabian male horses were measured, 43 of which competed in races at the racetracks in Ankara, Adana, Bursa, and Şanlıurfa, and 58 of which took part in javelin competitions in the heart of Erzurum. When the body measurements of male Arabian horses used for javelin and racing were compared, it was found that there were differences in the croup length (p &lt; 0.01), back length (p &lt; 0.001), chest depth (p &lt; 0.05), chest circumference (p &lt; 0.001), pectoral chest width (p &lt; 0.01), neck circumference (p &lt; 0.001), and hock circumference (p &lt; 0.001). The changes in the withers height, croup length, and chest circumference of male Arabian horses at different ages were found to be significant (p &lt; 0.05), but not in the other body measurements (p &gt; 0.05). The pectoral chest breadth and hock circumference were shown to be significant in the usage area of horses (JAVELIN-RACING) x age interaction (p &lt; 0.05). The choice of Arabian racing horses for the javelin or training purposes was thought to have altered the anatomical structure, which could account for the differences in various body measurements between racing and javelin horses.

Changing the game in the fitness industry: effectiveness of high-intensity interval training for girth, vital signs, and BMI

The High-Intensity Interval Training program quickly became one of the most popular exercise regiments due to its ability to improve health by significantly impacting the body. This experimental study focused on determining the effectiveness of a 1-month High-Intensity Interval Training program to 10 selected clients which are classified as overweight and obese. Based on the findings, it was found that after participating in High-Intensity Interval Training for one month, most of the participants successfully reduced body measurements, vital signs, and body mass index. In terms of girth measurements, participants’ abdomen, chest and waist circumference improved significantly; while forearm and the legs have a slight significant difference. Based on blood pressure, it was observed that High-Intensity Interval Training may positively help to keep blood pressure in the normal range. However, no evidence to imply that this particular program can regulate it. Lastly, based on the pre- and post-test scores of the clients, it was observed that High-Intensity Interval Training program has a significant effect on the improvement on their girth measurement, vital signs, and body mass index. Performing a similar study to support or repudiate the claims of this study is highly recommended.