Potent Chelator Research Articles

Comparative study of phytochemicals and bioactivities of the leaf extracts of Curcuma amada and Curcuma karnatakensis

Curcuma species are known for their medicinal properties, and it is essential to evaluate under-explored species for their phytocomposition and their practical applications. The present work evaluated the phytochemical, antioxidant, antimitotic, and antiproliferative properties of aqueous methanolic extract from leaves of Curcuma amada and Curcuma karnatakensis. Quantitative phytochemical assays revealed higher amounts of phenols (11.00 ± 0.29 mg GAE / g DW), flavonoids (8.80 ± 0.03 mg QE / g DW), tannins (3.30 ± 0.02 mg CE / g DW) and saponins (53.23 ± 0.02 mg DE / g DW) in C.amada extracts compared to C. karnatakensis. Aqueous methanolic extract of C. amada exhibited higher radical scavenging activity for DPPH (IC50= 127.70 ± 4.05 μg / mL), Ferrous ion chelation (IC50= 287.83 ± 6.38 μg / mL) and CUPRAC antioxidant potential value of 6.33 ± 0.06 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g DW. C. karnatakensis exhibited higher ABTS radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 96.97 ± 1.58 μg / mL. Further, GC-MS analysis of extracts identified several sesquiterpenoids in both species having significant biological activities. The two extracts exhibited mild antimitotic and antiproliferative properties against Allium root cells and yeast cells. C. amada leaf extract showed higher anti-inflammatory properties than C. karnatakensis. This is the first comprehensive report on leaf phytocomposition, which could be exploited for pharmacological utilization.

Nano-scale P, Zn-codoped reduced-graphene oxide incorporated epoxy composite; synthesis, electronic-level DFT-D modeling, and anti-corrosion properties

The great potential of the advanced nano-materials like graphene oxide as smart containers for the controlled desorption of the inhibitors and their effectiveness as dual active/passive anti-corrosive agents in the polymeric composites has been noticed in recent researches. In this work, aminotrimethylene phosphonic acid (AMP) was used with two primary purposes: a non-toxic reductant of GO and a potent chelating agent. Zinc cations were chelated with AMP on the reduced graphene oxide, forming a nanocontainer with active protection potency. The successful reduction of GO and AMP-zinc chelation were confirmed by FT-IR, Raman, TGA, and UV–visible analysis. The interactions between GO, AMP, and zinc cations were investigated by density-functional theory (DFT)-D computational modeling. The electrochemical analyses have proved the inhibitory potency of the P, Zn-codoped reduced-graphene oxide (GAZ) nanoparticle. The incorporation of the anti-corrosive nanocontainers into the epoxy coating covered the defects of the matrix significantly. It resulted in great protection of the coating after 10 weeks of coatings evaluation in the NaCl media. It was also found that a dense and protective complex of AMP and zinc cations was formed in the scratched zone of the polymeric matrix. This protective complex demonstrated the self-healing anti-corrosion potency of the fabricated nanoparticles.

The effect of the flavonol rutin on serum and liver iron content in a genetic mouse model of iron overload.

The flavonol rutin has been shown to possess antioxidant and iron chelating properties in vitro and in vivo. These dual properties are beneficial as therapeutic options to reduce iron accumulation and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resultant from excess free iron. The effect of rutin on iron metabolism has been limited to studies performed in wildtype mice either injected or fed high-iron diets. The effect of rutin on iron overload caused by genetic dysregulation of iron homoeostasis has not yet been investigated. In the present study we examined the effect of rutin treatment on tissue iron loading in a genetic mouse model of iron overload, which mirrors the iron loading associated with Type 3 hereditary haemochromatosis patients who have a defect in Transferrin Receptor 2 (TFR2). Male TFR2 knockout (KO) mice were administered rutin via oral gavage for 21 continuous days. Following treatment, iron levels in serum, liver, duodenum and spleen were assessed. In addition, hepatic ferritin protein levels were determined by Western blotting, and expression of iron homoeostasis genes by quantitative real-time PCR. Rutin treatment resulted in a significant reduction in hepatic ferritin protein expression and serum transferrin saturation. In addition, trends towards decreased iron levels in the liver and serum, and increased serum unsaturated iron binding capacity were observed. This is the first study to explore the utility of rutin as a potential iron chelator and therapeutic in an animal model of genetic iron overload.

A Prospective of Multiple Biopharmaceutical Activities of Procyanidins-Rich Uapaca togoensis Pax Extracts: HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS Coupled with Bioinformatics Analysis.

The article reports the chemical composition, antioxidant, six key enzymes inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of two solvent extracts (water and methanol) of leaves and stem bark of Uapaca togoensis. For chemical composition, methanol extract of stem bark exhibited significant higher total phenolic (129.86 mg GAE/g) and flavanol (10.44 mg CE/g) contents. Methanol extract of leaves and water extract of stem bark showed high flavonoids (20.94 mg RE/g) and phenolic acid (90.40 mg CAE/g) content, respectively. In addition, HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS analysis revealed that U. togoensis was rich in procyanidins. The methanol and water extracts of stem bark had overall superior antioxidant activity; however, only methanol extract of stem bark showed higher inhibition of cholinesterase (AChE: 2.57 mg GALAE/g; BChE: 4.69 mg GALAE/g), tyrosinase (69.53 mg KAE/g) and elastase (2.73 mmol CE/g). Potent metal chelating ability was showed by water extract of leaves (18.94 mg EDTAE/g), higher inhibition of amylase was detected for water extracts of leaves (0.94 mmol ACAE/g) and stem bark (0.92 mmol ACAE/g). The tested extracts have shown wide-spectrum antibacterial properties and these effects have shown to be more effective against Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium funiculosum, Trichoderma viride, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results revealed that the antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and antimicrobial activities depended on the extraction solvents and the parts of plant. Bioinformatics analysis on the 17 major compounds showed modulation of pathway associated with cancer. In brief, U. togoensis might be valuable as potential source of natural agents for therapeutic application.

Crystal structures of 9-[bis-(benzyl-sulfan-yl)meth-yl]anthracene and of cyclo-dodeca-kis-(μ2-phenyl-methane-thiol-ato-κ2 S:S)hexa-palladium(6 Pd-Pd)-anthracene-9,10-dione (1/1).

The first title compound, C29H24S2, L1, represents an example of an anthracene-based functionalized di-thio-ether, which may be useful as a potential chelating or terminal ligand for coordination chemistry. This di-thio-acetal L1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c. The phenyl rings of the benzyl groups and that of the anthracene unit form dihedral angles of 49.21 (4) and 58.79 (5)° and the crystal structure displays short C-H⋯π contacts. Surprisingly, when attempting to coordinate L1 to [PdCl2(PhCN)2], instead of the targeted chelate complex [PdCl2(κ2-L1)], a cleavage reaction leads to the formation of the centrosymmetric hexa-nuclear cyclic cluster of composition [Pd6(μ2-SCH2Ph)12] Pd6, or [Pd6(C7H7S)12]·C14H8O2. This tiara-shaped hexa-mer crystallizing in the triclinic space group P consists of six approximately square planar Pd(II)S4 centers, which are inter-connected through twelve μ2-bridging benzyl thiol-ate groups. The Pd⋯Pd contacts range from 3.0892 (2) to 3.1609 (2) Å and can be considered as weakly bonding. The unit cell of Pd6 contains also a co-crystallized anthracene-9,10-dione mol-ecule.

Short Communication: Phytochemical diversity and bioactivity of Malaysian Premna cordifolia (Lamiaceae)

Abstract. Daud D, Dewa MSAM, Mahbob ENM, Razak WRWA. 2021. Short Communication: Phytochemical diversity and bioactivity of Malaysian Premna cordifolia (Lamiaceae). Biodiversitas 22: 3245-3248. The aims of the present study are to determine the chelation potential and protective effect of Premna cordifolia leaves ethanolic extract in lead intoxicated mice. Twenty-four male mice were divided into four groups with six animals each. Group 1 was healthy mice and received 2 ml/kg bwt distilled water. Group 2 was healthy mice and supplemented with 200 mg/kg bwt P. cordifolia leaves ethanolic extract. Group 3 was lead intoxicated mice and received 2 ml/kg bwt distilled water. Group 4 was lead intoxicated mice and supplemented with 200 mg/kg bwt P. cordifolia leaves ethanolic extract. All treatments were given for 14 days. Chelation activity was determined by measuring the concentrations of lead in the liver, kidney and testis by using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Sperm quality was tested according to World Health Organization manual and testosterone was estimated by using ELISA kit. Spectroscopic data showed that P. cordifolia leaves ethanolic extract was able to lower lead concentrations in liver, kidney and testis of lead intoxicated mice. Following a decrease in lead concentrations, sperm quality and testosterone levels were restored in lead intoxicated mice supplemented with P. cordifolia leaves ethanolic extract. In conclusion, P. cordifolia leaves ethanolic extract has the potential to be developed as an alternative remedy for treating lead poisoning effects.

Anti-melanogenesis and anti-tyrosinase properties of aryl-substituted acetamides of phenoxy methyl triazole conjugated with thiosemicarbazide: Design, synthesis and biological evaluations

A series of aryl phenoxy methyl triazole conjugated with thiosemicarbazides were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their tyrosinase inhibitory activities in the presence of l-dopa and l-tyrosine as substrates. All the compounds showed tyrosinase inhibition in the sub-micromolar concentration. Among the derivatives, compound 9j bearing benzyl displayed exceptionally high potency against tyrosinase with IC50 value of 0.11 μM and 0.17 μM in the presence of l-tyrosine and l-dopa as substrates which is significantly lower than that of kojic acid as the positive control with an IC50 value of 9.28 μM for l-tyrosine and 9.30 μM for l-dopa. According to Lineweaver–Burk plot, 9j demonstrated an uncompetitive type of inhibition in the kinetic assay. Also, in vitro antioxidant activities determined by DPPH assay recorded an IC50 value of 68.43 μM for 9i. The melanin content of 9j was determined on B16F10 melanoma human cells which demonstrated a significant reduction of the melanin content. Moreover, the binding energies corresponding to the same ligand as well as computer-aided drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic studies were also carried out. Compound 9j also possessed metal chelation potential correlated to its high anti-TYR activity.

Glutathione as a powerful antioxidant in oxidative stress in the brain tissue of rats caused by the pathophysiological action of copper

IntroductionDue to increased human activity, the amount of copper in air, soil and water has increased. Copper, at minimum concentrations, is essential for the normal functioning of the organism (cellular respiration, hemoglobin formation, growth and reproduction). At higher concentrations, copper is deposited in the liver, brain tissue, and bone marrow.ObjectivesTo investigate the protective role of the supplement, glutathione (GSH), the S-donor ligand, in conditions of chronic copper intoxication via the parameters of oxidative stress, ie. Alkaline and acidic DNase values in brain tissue in albino rats of Wistar strain.MethodsThe model system for testing the effects of copper exposure and the protective effect of GSH was a study on female albino rats of Wistar strain, stored in the vivarium of the Scientific Research Center for Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Niš, Serbia. Endonucleases, alkaline and acidic DNase activities were determined spectrophotometrically from homogenates of brain tissue.ResultsCopper is believed to be a likely cause of oxidative damage to the DNA molecule, as manifested by increased alkaline and acidic DNase activity. The results of this study show that GSH is a potent chelator that binds copper and enables its elimination from the body.ConclusionsIn this experiment, the beneficial role of GSH supplements, which has an antioxidant character, in the prevention and reduction of the adverse effects of chronic copper intoxication was demonstrated. In this way, GSH acts as a powerful protector and antioxidant.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Synthesis, characterization, electrochemistry, antioxidant, and toxicological studies of Co(II), Ni(II) and Ag(I) complexes of mefenamic acid/tolfenamic acid bearing metronidazole

Co(II), Ni(II) and Ag(I) complexes of mefenamic acid (Hmef)/tolfenamic acid (Htolf) and metronidazole (met) formulated as [Co(mef)2(met)2] (1), [Ni(tolf)2(met)2] (2) and [Ag(met)2](NO3)·Htolf (3) have been synthesized and characterized. Single-crystal X-ray crystallography of 1 reveals a polymeric motif in a distorted octahedral geometry. Each unit of 1 consists of two mef moieties which coordinate monodentately to the Co(II) ion via deprotonated carboxylate groups, two met ligands coordinate to the Co(II) center through the N-atom, while the hydroxyethyl oxygen of another molecule complete the octahedral geometry around the Co(II) ion. The FTIR of 2 and 3 suggested that coordination occurred through the imine N-atom of met and O-atom of tolf. Cyclic voltammogram of 1 represents a two-step, one-electron process, assignable to Co(III)/Co(II) and Co(II)/Co(I) redox pairs, while the ill-defined voltammogram of 2 suggested a Ni(II)/Ni(I) reduction process. The radical scavenging and ferrous ion chelating potentials of the three compounds indicated better antioxidant capacity (p < 0.05) than the standard (BHT). Iron chelating ability (IC50 values) of the compounds is in the order 1 > BHT > 3 > 2 > met > Hmef > Htolf. The toxicology for 1-3 using Drosophila melanogaster model revealed a good safety level.

Aktywność biologiczna ekstraktów z propolisu

Introduction. Propolis, also known as bee glue, is a resinous material collected by honeybees with numerous biological properties, including antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and anticancer effects. Due to its health-promoting properties, propolis is a component of many products, including dietary supplements, cosmetics and healthy food. Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity of propolis extracts, as well as to compare the biological activity of propolis extracts, depending on the solvent used – ethyl alcohol or propylene glycol. Material and methods. Two propolis extracts were used in the research – the first was prepared in ethyl alcohol, and the second in propylene glycol. The antimicrobial activity of the examined extracts was determined against S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans. The antioxidant activity was determined on the basis of the evaluation of their antiradical activity in the DPPH· test and Fe2+ chelating activity. Moreover, the total content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the tested extracts was determined using the colorimetric method. Results. The tested propolis extracts, regardless of the solvent used (ethyl alcohol or propylene glycol), showed high antibacterial (against S. aureus), antifungal (against C. albicans) and antioxidant (antiradical activity in the DPPH· test and ferrous iron chelating potency in the ferrozine test) activity. Moreover, both tested extracts were characterized by a high and similar content of bioactive compounds – phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Conclusions. The results of the conducted tests showed that the solvent used did not affect determined biological activity and the content of bioactive substances in the tested propolis extracts.

Characterization of polysaccharides from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg Roots and their effects on antioxidant activity and H2O2-induced oxidative damage in RAW 264.7 cells

This work presents an investigation on the composition and structure of polysaccharides from the roots of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (THP) and its associated antioxidant activity. It further explores the protective effect of THP on RAW264.7 cells against cytotoxicity induced by H2O2. Ion chromatography (IC) revealed that THP contained glucose, arabinose, mannose, glucuronic acid, galactose and galacturonic acid, in different molar ratios. Furthermore, gel permeation chromatography-refractive index-multiangle laser light scattering (GPC-RI-MALS) was employed to deduce the relative molecular mass (Mw) of the polysaccharide, which was 177.1 ± 1.8 kDa. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Congo red binding assay highlighted that the THP had a steady α-triple helix conformation. Similarly, assays of antioxidant activity disclosed that THP had reasonable concentration-dependent hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical scavenging activities, peroxidation inhibition ability and ferrous ion chelating potency, in addition to a significant 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity. Moreover, THP could protect RAW264.7 cells against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity by decreasing intracellular ROS levels, reducing catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, increasing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and increment in malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Data retrieved from the in vitro models explicitly established the antioxidant capability of polysaccharides from T. hemsleyanum root extracts.

An overview of antioxidant capacity, total phenolics, and amino acids of Aureobasidium pullulans GM6

Aureobasidium pullulans grown in submerged flask culture for 5 days was investigated for antioxidant activity. The ethanolic extract of mycelium was used for determination of the antioxidant properties using different methods: total antioxidant activity, linoleic acid bleaching, DPPH free radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, reduction of metal ions, and chelating abilities against ferrous ions. Total phenolics and amino acids content was establish in amount of 5.78 mg GAE and 5.16 µg Gly/g dry extract, respectively. The result of total antioxidant activity showed 7.83 µg AA/g dry extract. The results for free radical-scavenging activities in terms of DPPH, H2O2, and OH expressed as EC50 were 61.81, 26.61, and 69.79 µg/ml, respectively. The extract showed very potent reducing and chelating power (EC50 = 0.51 and 35.02 μg/ml, respectively). Total phenolics and amino acids contents of the extract were attributed to overall antioxidant capacity (r = 0.707–1.000) and (r = 0.140–0.978), respectively. Practical applications Aureobasidium pullulans is most famous fungus belonging to the family Dothioraceae. The fungus produces a broad range of natural products which have been regarded as safe and very important for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and environmental application. Among the best known products are: pullulan (exopolysaccharide), numerous commercially enzymes (protease, lipase, xylanase, amylase, pectinase, etc.), secondary metabolites, and antibiotics. Investigating isolates of the fungus that live in different extreme conditions and optimizing the experimental conditions for the production of natural products are of great importance for their practical application. The current study was focused on the details evaluation of antioxidant profile, content of total phenolics and amino acids in EtOH extract of mycelium A. pullulans GM6, after 5 days of incubation in submerged conditions. These data will provide some useful information relevant to understanding the antioxidant role of the fungus and further screening of isolate as potential source of new natural antioxidants.

Iron Chelation in Local Infection

Iron is an essential element in multiple biochemical pathways in humans and pathogens. As part of the innate immune response in local infection, iron availability is restricted locally in order to reduce overproduction of reactive oxygen species by the host and to attenuate bacterial growth. This physiological regulation represents the rationale for the therapeutic use of iron chelators to support induced iron deprivation and to treat infections. In this review paper we discuss the importance of iron regulation through examples of local infection and the potential of iron chelation in treating infection.

Spondias purpurea L. Stem Bark Extract: Antioxidant and in vitro Photoprotective Activities

Plant phenolic extracts are widely recognized as an important source of natural antioxidant substances and potential compounds for cosmetic formulations. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical profile, photoprotective and antioxidant activities of stem bark extract of Spondias purpurea L. (ciriguela) and its application in photoprotective formulations. Thirty phenolic constituents were annotated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in mode negative (UPLC‑QTOF-MS2). The stem bark extract antioxidant and chelation potential, expressed in half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), showed 6.25 and 352.22 μg mL−1, respectively. The phenolic extract was used as an active ingredient in six sunscreen formulations, with concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 10%. The ultraviolet (UV) protection properties of the formulations were evaluated by sun protection factor (SPF) values obtained in 0.2 mg mL−1 (0.495 to 2.27) and 2.0 mg mL−1 (2.29 to 15.87). The SPF value for the extract (14.37 and 26.16) was high, but there was a reduction in the base formulation. However, these results suggested that the bioactive extracted of stem bark of Spondias purpurea L. has interesting potential to reduce the damage caused by UV radiation and may be utilized as an active ingredient in a sunscreen formulation.

Morphohistometric analysis of the effects of Coriandrum sativum on cortical and cerebellar neurotoxicity.

Objective:Natural compounds can act as metal chelators and oxygen free radical scavengers, which allows them to be used as bioactive antagonists to heavy metals neurotoxicity. The aim of the study to analyze the morphometric effects of Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum) on lead-induced neurotoxicity. Materials and Methods:Forty Sprague-Dawley albino rats were divided into four equal groups (ten in each group): control group; coriander group: received aqueous C. sativum extracts (600 mg/kg BW for 60 days orally); lead (Pb) group: received a daily dose of lead acetate (Pb) (10 mg/kg BW for 60 days orally); Pb+ coriandrum group: received: aqueous C. sativum extract (600 mg/kg BW) prior to 10 mg/kg BW of Pb. The following parameters malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured. Layers thickness and nuclei density were analyzed.Results:Lead levels in blood and tissues were decreased significantly in the Pb group and those findings were corrected significantly (p=0.001) with C. sativum addition. Data exhibited an increase in oxidative stress marker MDA and a decrease in antioxidant enzymes activities (SOD, CAT, and GPx) significantly in the Pb group and those effects were reversed significantly (p=0.001) by C. sativum administration. The cerebellar cortex and all layers of the somatosensory cortex thickness and nuclei density were diminished significantly in the Pb group. The morphometrical measurements were corrected significantly (p=0.001) by C. sativum. Conclusion:From the findings of the current study, Pb caused noticeable structural and functional variations in the cerebellar cortex and somatosensory cortex. C. sativum corrected these parameters as it possesses chelating and antioxidant potentials.

Impact of 5% pentetic acid on the pushout bond strength of AH Plus sealer to dentin: An in vitro study

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of pentetic acid (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), as final chelating agents on the pushout bond strength of AH Plus sealer. Materials and Methods: Single-rooted mandibular premolars (n = 80) were collected. The canals were instrumented and were randomly divided into four groups (n = 20) according to the final irrigation protocol followed, where Group I: distilled water, Group II: 3% NaOCl and distilled water final rinse; Group III: 3% NaOCl and 17% EDTA as final irrigant, and Group IV: 3% NaOCl and 5% pentetic acid as final irrigant. Canals were then dried and filled with AH Plus sealer. Roots were sectioned transversely at 4 mm from apex, with 1 mm thickness, and tested for pushout bond strength. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey's test. Results: Pushout bond strength of AH Plus was found to be best with 5% pentetic acid final rinse (0.841 ± 0.15 MPa), followed by 17% EDTA (0.83 ± 0.27 MPa), 3% NaOCl (0.68 ± 0.16 MPa), and distilled water (0.52 ± 0.04). However, there was no statistical difference between 5% pentetic acid and 17% EDTA when used as a final rinse (P Conclusion: Within the limits of the study, 5% pentetic acid was as effective as 17% EDTA and hence can be considered as a potential chelating agent in endodontic therapy.

Potential molecular and graphene oxide chelators to dissolve amyloid-β plaques in Alzheimer's disease: a density functional theory study.

The onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation. Elevated levels of metals, specifically copper, zinc, iron, and aluminum, accumulate in senile Aβ; plaque deposits, disrupting normal brain homeostasis and cognitive functions. In this investigation, we studied the potential of several molecular and graphene oxide chelators to be used for future AD research and chelation therapy. To understand the interactions between selected metals (Cu, Zn, Fe, and Al), the Aβ peptide, and various potential metal chelating compounds, we implemented the density functional theory (DFT) method to calculate the binding energies of each metal-molecule complex. The binding energy of each metal-chelator complex was compared with that of the metal-Aβ compound to determine the chelation potential of the selected chelator. The potential chelating agents studied were 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (INNHQ), 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxaldehyde 2-furoyl hydrazone (HQFUH), quercetin, and graphene oxide (GO). Our calculated binding energies revealed that the HQFUH molecule holds direct ability to chelate copper, zinc, iron, and aluminum. In addition, the GO complex with a 12.5% oxygen concentration demonstrates aluminum chelation ability. Our results demonstrate that HQFUH and GO can be used in future AD drug development research and therapy to target toxic metal-Aβ interactions and reduce Aβ aggregation.

Chemical Characterization of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Bud Essential Oil and Microbicidal Activity against Isolated Clinical Strains

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is one of the most valuable spices that had been used for centuries as food preservative and for many medicinal purposes. So far, the studies on utilization of clove oil as an essential oil are still limited. In this study Syzygium aromaticum (clove) essential oil was isolated from buds by hydro-distillation process and characterized by GC-MS. Micorbiocidal and antioxidant potential was evaluated by agar well diffusion assay, DPPH assay and ferrous chelation potential assay. Major components identified were Eugenol (82.414%), Eugenyl acetate (15.196%), Beta caryophyllene (1.919%) and Alpha-caryophyllene (0.472%). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against reference strains and clove oil exhibited potential antifungal activity against Bipolaris specifera, Curvularia lunata and Alternaria alternata with IC50 value 0.014 mg/ml, 0.015 mg/ml and 0.014 mg/ml (w/v), respectively and antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus (24mm), Bacillus subtilis (6mm), Micrococcus luteus (15mm), Alcalygens denitrificans (13mm), Pseudomonas alcaligens (9mm) and Enterococcus fecalis (12mm) but no activity was observed against Camphylobacter coli and Klebsiella pneumonia. Further, microbiocidal properties against clinically isolated bacterial strains were also analyzed and significant activity with MIC value of 0.125 to 0.625 mg/ml for Escherichia coli and 0.5±0.23 mg/ml (w/v) for Staphylococcus aureus was observed. Simultaneously, potential free radical scavenging 1.590±0.07 mg/ml (w/v) and ferrous chelation potential 11±1.2% was also noted. In conclusion, clove essential oil can be considered as a potential antimicrobial agent for food and pharmaceutical industries.

Elevated Iron Chelating Activity of Ilex paraguariensis Leaf Infusion: in vitro and in vivo Pilot Studies

HIGHLIGHTS Ilex paraguariensis infusion reaches elevated iron chelating potential. Storage for 24h decreases phenolic acids without affecting iron chelating activity. This infusion may be exploited as a natural iron chelating agent.

Microbial siderophores an envisaged tool for asbestos bioremediation – A microcosm approach

Abstract The stability of asbestos in natural environment with its biological aggressiveness and toxicity leading to carcinogenesis is related to its fibrous structure, dimensions and presence of iron in its chemical composition. In an effort to reduce its toxicity by limiting its biopersistence, physico-chemical methods have proved futile. A probable solution highlighted in the present investigation is bioremediation. Capitalizing the iron chelating ability of siderophores, as a tool for reducing asbestos toxicity is the main feature under study. A comparative assessment of the siderophore synthesizing ability and their iron chelation potential showed that the identified bacterial species namely Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus atrophaeus as well as the fungal species Aspergillus tubingenesis and Coemansia reversa harboured a similar effectivity towards reducing asbestos toxicity. A microcosm approach was thus envisaged as a probable tool for the same.