Comparative study of phytochemicals and bioactivities of the leaf extracts of Curcuma amada and Curcuma karnatakensis

Abstract

Curcuma species are known for their medicinal properties, and it is essential to evaluate under-explored species for their phytocomposition and their practical applications. The present work evaluated the phytochemical, antioxidant, antimitotic, and antiproliferative properties of aqueous methanolic extract from leaves of Curcuma amada and Curcuma karnatakensis. Quantitative phytochemical assays revealed higher amounts of phenols (11.00 ± 0.29 mg GAE / g DW), flavonoids (8.80 ± 0.03 mg QE / g DW), tannins (3.30 ± 0.02 mg CE / g DW) and saponins (53.23 ± 0.02 mg DE / g DW) in C.amada extracts compared to C. karnatakensis. Aqueous methanolic extract of C. amada exhibited higher radical scavenging activity for DPPH (IC50= 127.70 ± 4.05 μg / mL), Ferrous ion chelation (IC50= 287.83 ± 6.38 μg / mL) and CUPRAC antioxidant potential value of 6.33 ± 0.06 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g DW. C. karnatakensis exhibited higher ABTS radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 96.97 ± 1.58 μg / mL. Further, GC-MS analysis of extracts identified several sesquiterpenoids in both species having significant biological activities. The two extracts exhibited mild antimitotic and antiproliferative properties against Allium root cells and yeast cells. C. amada leaf extract showed higher anti-inflammatory properties than C. karnatakensis. This is the first comprehensive report on leaf phytocomposition, which could be exploited for pharmacological utilization.