Chelation Ion-exchange Properties Research Articles

Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Water Using Chelating Copolymer Resin-IV Derived from 2-Hydroxy, 4-Methoxybenzophenone, 1, 5-Diaminonaphthalene and Formaldehyde

The resin 2-H, 4-MBP-1,5-DANF-IV was synthesized by the condensation of 2-hydroxy, 4-methoxybenzophenone and1, 5-diaminonaphthalene with formaldehyde in the presence of hydrochloric acid as a catalyst. The resin was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and UV-Visible spectral studies. The chelation ion-exchange properties was studied for Ni2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ ions employing a batch equilibrium method. It was used to study of the selectivity of metal-ion uptake involving the measurements of the distribution of a given metal ion between the copolymer sample and a solution containing the metal ion. The study was carried out over a wide pH range and in media of various ionic strength.The resin depicted a higher selectivity for Cu2+ and Ni2+ ion than for Co2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ ions.

Synthesis, characterisation, ion chelation exchange capability and antibacterial properties of the <em>o-cresol-formaldehyde-catechol-</em>based copolymer

An ion exchange resin chelator was synthesized from o-cresol, catechol and formaldehyde through the condensation process in the molar ratio of 1:3:5 in the presence of 1 M hydrochloric acid as a catalyst. The resulting copolymer was characterized by IR spectral data. The cation exchange capacity was measured; the effect of metal ion concentration, pH effect, and the ratio of the cation exchange reaction were studied. The chelation ion-exchange properties were also studied with the batch equilibrium method. The formed copolymer chelation ion-exchange properties of the copolymer were analyzed for Cd²⁺, Cr²⁺, Fe²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions. The resin was proved selective chelating ion- exchange copolymer for the above metals. The study was carried out over a wide pH range and in media of various ionic concentrations for the metals. The antibacterial properties of the synthesized resin were also investigated, using the well diffusion method for the gram-positive bacteria, <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>and the gram-negative bacteria <em>E coli. </em>The results showed a significant inhibiting effect against the tested bacteria, against the formed resin copolymer.

Studies of chelation ion-exchange properties of copolymer resin derived from 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, 2,4-dihydroxy- propiophenone and formaldehyde

The copolymer 2,4-DHP-1,5-DANF-I has been synthesized by the condensation of 2,4-dihydroxypropiophenone, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene and formaldehyde in the presence of 2 molar HCl as a catalyst with 1:1:2 molar proportion of reactants. The resin has been characterized by various spectral techniques such as elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR. The ion-exchange properties of the copolymer resin for specific metal ions viz. Ni2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ ions was evaluated by a batch equilibrium method. The study was extended to three variations: evaluation of metal ion uptake in the presence of different electrolytes at different concentrations; evaluation of metal ion uptake at different pH; and evaluation of metal ion uptake at different times. From the results it was observed that the copolymer resin acts as an effective chelting ion-exchanger. Copolymer shows a higher selectivity for Cu2+ and Ni2+ ion than for Co2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ ions.

An Eco-Friendly Terpolymer Resin: Synthesis, Characterization and Ion‐Exchange Properties

2, 2’- Biphenol-Hexamethylenediamine-formaldehyde Terpolymers (BPHDF) were synthesized by the condensation of 2, 2’- Biphenol, Hexamethylenediamine, and formaldehyde in the presence of acid catalyst with varying molar ratios of reacting monomers. Terpolymer composition has been determined on the basis of their elemental analysis and the number–average molecular weight of these resins was determined by conductometric titration in nonaqueous medium. The viscosity measurements were carried out in N, N-dimethyl formamide which indicate normal behaviour. IR spectra were studied to elucidate the structure. The terpolymer resin has been further characterized by UV–visible and 1H-NMR spectra. The surface morphology of the terpolymer resin was examined by scanning electron microscopy. One of the important applications of these terpolymers is their capability to act as chelating ion-exchangers. The newly synthesized terpolymers proved to be selective for chelating ion-exchange properties and showed a powerful adsorption towards specific metal ions like Co2+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+. A batch equilibration method was adopted to study the selectivity of the metal ion uptake involving the measurement of the distribution of the given metal ion between the polymer sample and a solution containing the metal ion over a wide range of concentrations and pHs of different electrolytes. The terpolymers showed a higher selectivity for Co2+&gt; Hg2+&gt; Cd2+&gt; Pb2+.It is also observed that the amount of metal ions absorption by the BPHDF terpolymer resins increases in the order: BPHDF-3 &gt; BPHDF-2 &gt; BPHDF-1 due to introduction of more and more phenolic groups in terpolymer resins from BPHDF-1 to BPHDF-3.

Ion exchange properties of some new chelating resins from cresol urea formaldehyde

Terpolymers resins( o,m,p –C UF) synthesized by the condensation of o,m,p- Cresol and Urea with Formaldehyde in the presence of acid catalyst , FTIR- spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis were used tocharacterize the terpolymers. Chelating ion exchange properties of these polymers were studied for Fe 2+, Cu 2+and Zn 2+ions. A batch equilibrium method was employed in the study of the selectivity of metal ionuptake . the study was carried out over a wide pH range and shaking time.The OUF and PUF terpolymers showedhighest selectivity for ions being studied.

Ion exchange properties of some new chelating resins from cresol urea formaldehyde

Terpolymers resins( o,m,p –C UF) synthesized by the condensation of o,m,p- Cresol and Urea with Formaldehyde in the presence of acid catalyst , FTIR- spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis were used tocharacterize the terpolymers. Chelating ion exchange properties of these polymers were studied for Fe 2+ , Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ ions. A batch equilibrium method was employed in the study of the selectivity of metal ionuptake . the study was carried out over a wide pH range and shaking time.The OUF and PUF terpolymers showedhighest selectivity for ions being studied.

Antimicrobial studies and ion exchange properties of copolymer resin derived from p-HBBF

p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde–biuret–formaldehyde (p-HBBF) copolymer resin was synthesized through the condensation of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and biuret with formaldehyde in the presence of hydrochloric acid as a catalyst and with various molar ratios of the reacting monomers. The resulting copolymer was characterized with UV-visible, FTIR, 1H-NMR and C13 NMR spectral data, employed to determine the reactivity of monomers. The average molecular weight of this resin was determined with conductometric titration in a nonaqueous medium. The chelating ion-exchange properties were also studied with the batch equilibrium method. The chelating ion-exchange properties of this copolymer was studied for seven metal ions (Cu2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Pb2+ and Fe3+). The study was carried out over a wide pH range and in media of various ionic strengths. The copolymer showed a higher selectivity for Fe3+ ions than that for Cu2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+. The surface morphology of the copolymer resin was examined by scanning electron microscopy, and it establishes the transition state between crystalline and amorphous phases. The p-HBBF copolymer resin was tested for its inhibitory action against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The resin shows potent inhibitory action against bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp (NCIM 2719) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and fungi, namely, Candida albicans and Penicillium sp.

Chelation ion-exchange properties of copolymer resin derived from 2, 2ʹ-dihydroxybiphenyl, biuret, and formaldehyde

Copolymers (2, 2′-dihydroxybiphenyl, biuret and formaldehyde, [2, 2′-HBBF]) were (2, 2′-dihydroxybiphenyl-biuret-formaldehyde) prepared by the condensation of 2, 2′-dihydroxybiphenyl and biuret with formaldehyde in the presence of acid as a catalyst and using different molar proportions of monomers. The resulting copolymers were characterized by infrared, UV-visible and proton NMR spectroscopy. Average molecular weight was determined by conductometric titration in non-aqueous medium. The viscosity measurements carried out in DMF N,N' Dimethylformamide indicate normal behavior. A copolymer proved to be a selective chelating ion-exchange copolymer for certain ions. Chelating ion-exchange properties of this copolymer were studied for Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Fe3+, and Zn2+ ions. A batch equilibrium method was employed in the study of the selectivity of metal ion uptake, involving the measurements of the distribution of a given metal ion between the polymer sample and a solution containing the metal ion. The study was carried out over a wide pH range and in media of various ionic strengths. The copolymer showed a higher selectivity for Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions than for Ni2+, Zn2+, and Co2+ ions.

Studies, Synthesis and Characterization of Chelation Ion-Exchange Properties of Copolymer Resin Derived from 8-Hydroxyquinoline-Formaldehyde-Pyrogallol

Chelating ion-exchange resin was synthesized by the condensation of 8-hydroxyquinoline with pyrogallol using formaldehyde as a cross-linking agent at 120oC in DMF in the presence of hydrocloric acid catalyst. The resin was characterized by elemental analysis and FTIR. The morphology of the synthesis resin was examined by optical photograph and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The physicochemical properties of the resin were studied. The cation exchange capacity was measured and the effect of pH and metal ion concentration on the ability of the ion exchange were studied. The ratio of cation exchange reaction and the distribution coefficient in tartaric acid medium at different pH were also studied using the method of batch equilibration.

Analytical applications of newly synthesized copolymer resin derived from p‐aminophenol, dithiooxamide, and formaldehyde

AbstractA copolymer resin (p‐APDF) has been synthesized using the monomers p‐aminophenol, dithiooxamide, formaldehyde in 1 : 1 : 2M proportions in the presence of 2M HCl as catalyst. The structure of p‐APDF copolymer has been elucidated on the basis of elemental analysis and various physicochemical techniques, i.e., UV‐visible, FTIR, and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. The number average molecular weight of copolymer resin was determined by nonaqueous conductometric titration in DMF. Viscosity measurement were carried out in DMF indicate normal behavior. The prepared resin proved to be a selective ion exchange resin for some metal ions. The chelating ion exchange properties of this resin was studied for Fe(III) and Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II) ions. A batch equilibrium method was used to study selectivity of metal ion uptake over a wide pH range and in media of various ionic strength. The resin showed a higher selectivity for Fe(III), Ni(II), Cu(II) ions than for Co(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) ions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012

An eco-friendly synthesis, characterization, morphology and ion exchange properties of terpolymer resin derived from p-hydroxybenzaldehyde

A novel chelating terpolymer resin has been synthesized through the terpolymerization of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and biuret with formaldehyde (p-HBBF) in 1:1:2mol ratio using hydrochloric acid as a reaction medium by condensation technique. The synthesized terpolymer resin was characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. On basis of the spectral studies, the structure of the terpolymer resin was proposed. The physico-chemical parameters have been evaluated for the terpolymer resin. Non-aqueous conductometric titration was used to determine the average molecular weight and polydispersity of the p-HBBF terpolymer resin and the intrinsic viscosity was also determined. The semicrystalline nature of the synthesized terpolymer was established by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Terpolymer (p-HBBF) synthesized is proved to be selective chelating ion exchange terpolymer resin for certain metals. Chelating ion exchange properties of this polymer was studied for Fe3+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Ni2+ and Pb2+ ions. A batch equilibrium method was employed in the study of the selectivity of the distribution of a given metal ions between the polymer sample and a solution containing the metal ion. The morphology of the terpolymers was studied by scanning electron microscopy, showing amorphous nature of the resins therefore can be used as a selective ion-exchanger for certain metal ions.

O-Cresol, thiourea and formaldehyde terpolymer – A cation exchange resin

o-Cresol–thiourea–formaldehyde terpolymer resin was synthesized through the condensation of o-cresol and thiourea with formaldehyde in the mole ratio 1:3:5 in the presence of 2 M hydrochloric acid as a catalyst. The resulting copolymer was characterized with IR and 1H NMR spectral data. The average molecular weight of the resin was determined by Gel permeation chromatography. Thermal study of the resin was carried out to calculate the activation energy (Ea), enthalpy of activation (H‡), entropy of activation (S‡), free energy of activation (G‡), and pre-exponential factor (A) of various steps of thermal decomposition of the terpolymer. The Dharwadkar and Kharkhanavala method has been used to calculate thermal activation energy and thermal stability. The chelation ion-exchange properties were also studied with the batch equilibrium method. The chelation ion-exchange properties of the copolymer was studied for Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions. The resin was proved to be selective chelating ion-exchange copolymer for certain metals. The study was carried out over a wide pH range and in media of various ionic strengths.

Ion Exchange Study of Some New Copolymer Resins Derived from 8‐Hydroxyquinoline‐5‐sulphonic Acid, Biuret and Formaldehyde

Copolymer resins (8‐HQSABF) were synthesized by the condensation of 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐5‐sulphonic acid and biuret with formaldehyde in the presence of hydrochloric acid as catalyst, proved to be selective chelation ion exchange copolymer resins for certain metals. Chelation ion exchange properties to these polymers were studied for Cu2+, Cd2+, Co2+ and Zn2+ ions. A batch equilibrium method was employed in the study of the selectivity of the distribution of a given metal ions between the polymer sample and a solution containing the metal ion. The study was carried out over a wide pH range and in a media of various ions strengths. The polymer showed a higher selectivity for Cu2+ ions than for Cd2+, Co2+ and Zn2+ ions. Hence on the basis of above studies these copolymer may be used as semiconductors, surface coating, ion‐exchangers, materials for rechargeable battery cell in various electronic industries, plastic materials, elastomers and in boiler plants

Chelating ion exchange properties of terpolymer resin 2,4-DHPOF-II derived from 2,4-dihydroxypropiophenone

Terpolymer resin 2,4-DHPOF-II was synthesized by the condensation of 2,4-dihydroxy-propiophenone (2,4-DHP) and oxamide (O) with formaldehyde (F) in the presence of 2M HCl as catalyst at 126 ± 1°C. Terpolymer was characterized by UV-visible, IR, 1H NMR spectral and thermal analysis. It is proved to be a selective chelating ion exchange terpolymer for Fe+3,Cu+2, Hg+2,Ni+2,Co+2,Zn+2,Cd+2 and Pb+2 metal ions. Chelating ion-exchange properties of synthesized terpolymer were studied for above mentioned metal ions. A batch equilibrium method was employed to study the selectivity of metal ion's uptake involving the measurements of distribution of given metal ion between sample and solution. Study was carried out using different parameters like pH range, shaking time and media of various ionic strengths.

Thermal and ion-exchange studies on chelating terpolymer resins derived from o cresol urea formaldehyde

Terpolymers prepared by condensation of o cresol and urea with formaldehyde in presence of acid catalyst (2M HCl) proved to be selective chelating ion exchange resins for certain metal ions. The molecular weights of the synthesised terpolymers were determined by GPC Technique. TGA analysis was employed to study the thermal stability and the kinetic data like activation energy of the terpolymer resins. Chelation ion exchange properties of these terpolymers were studied for Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions. A batch equilibrium method was employed in the study of the selectivity of metal ion uptake involving the measurements of distribution of a given metal ion between the polymer samples. The study was carried out over a wide pH range and in media of various ionic strengths.

Synthesis of resin IV: Salicylic acid, diaminonaphthalein, and formaldehyde terpolymer and its ion exchange

AbstractThis article reports the synthesis, characterization, and ion exchange properties of a terpolymer. The terpolymer resin salicylic acid‐diaminonaphthalein‐formaldehyde (SDNF) was synthesized by the condensation of salicylic acid and diaminonaphthalein with formaldehyde in the presence of a hydrochloric acid catalyst. Terpolymer resin was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and UV–Visible spectral studies. The number average molecular weight of the resin was determined by nonaqueous conductometric titration. Chelation ion exchange properties have also been studied for Fe3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ ions employing a batch equilibrium method. It was employed to study the selectivity of metal ion uptake involving the measurements of distribution of a given metal ion between the polymer sample and a solution containing the metal ion. The study was carried out over wide pH range and in a media of various ionic strengths. The terpolymer showed higher selectivity for Fe3+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ions than for Co2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ ions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010

Ion-exchange properties of 2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl - urea - formaldehyde terpolymer resins

A number of resins have been synthesized by reacting 2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl with urea and formaldehyde in presence of 2M HCl as catalyst, proved to be selective chelating ion-exchange resins for certain metals. Chelation ion-exchange properties of these terpolymer were studied for Fe 3+, Cu 2+, Ni 2+, Co 2+, Zn 2+, Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ ions. A batch equilibrium method has been employed in the study of the selectivity of metal ion uptake involving the measurements of the distribution of a given metal ion between the polymer sample and a solution containing the metal ion. The study was carried out over a wide pH range and in media of various ionic strengths. The terpolymer showed higher selectivity for Fe 3+, Cu 2+ and Ni 2+ ions than for Co 2+, Zn 2+, Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ ions.

Ion Exchange Properties of a Terpolymer Resin Derived from 2, 4‐Dihydroxybenzaldehyde, Oxamide and Formaldehyde

Terpolymer resins (2,4‐DHBOF) were synthesized by the condensation of 2,4‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde and oxamide with formaldehyde in the presence of hydrochloric acid as catalyst, proved to be selective chelation ion exchange terpolymer resins for certain metals. Chelation ion exchange properties of these polymers were studied for Fe+3, Cu+2, Hg+2, Cd+2, Co+2, Zn+2, Ni+2 and Pb+2 ions. A batch equilibrium method was employed in the study of the selectivity of the distribution of a given metal ions between the polymer sample and a solution containing the metal ion. The study was carried out over a wide pH range and in a media of various ionic strengths. The polymer showed a higher selectivity for Fe+3, Cd+2 and Co+2 ions than for Cu+2, Hg+2, Zn+2, Ni+2 and Pb+2 ions.

Terpolymer resin II: Synthesis, characterization, and ion-exchange properties of 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone–dithiooxamide–formaldehyde terpolymers

Terpolymers have been prepared by the condensation of 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone (2,4-HA) and dithiooxamide (D) with formaldehyde (F) in the presence of hydrochloric acid as catalyst with varying the molar proportions of the reactant. Compositions of the terpolymer have been determined by elemental analysis. The number average molecular weight has been determined by conductometric titration in nonaqueous medium. Intrinsic viscosities of the solution of the terpolymer have been determined in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF). The terpolymers have been characterized by UV–visible, IR, and proton NMR spectra. Chelation ion-exchange properties have also been studied employing the batch equilibrium method. It was employed to study selectivity of metal ion uptake over a wide pH range and in media of various ionic strength. The overall rate of metal uptake follows the order: Fe3+ > Cu2+ > Ni2+ > Co2+ = Zn2+. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008

Resin I: Synthesis, characterization, and ion-exchange properties of terpolymer resins derived from 2,4-dihydroxypropiophenone, biuret, and formaldehyde

Terpolymers (2,4-DHPBF) were synthesized by the condensation of 2,4-dihydro-xypropiophenone, biuret, and formaldehyde in the presence of acid catalyst with varying the molar ratio of reacting monomers. Terpolymer composition has been determined on the basis of their elemental analysis and their number–average molecular weight of these resin were determined by conductometric titration in nonaqueous medium. The viscosity measurements were carried out in N,N-dimethyl formamide which indicate normal behavior. IR spectra were studied to elucidate the structure. The terpolymer resin has been further characterized by UV–visible and 1H-NMR spectra. The newly synthesized terpolymers proved to be selective chelating ion-exchange terpolymers for certain metals. The chelating ion-exchange properties of this terpolymer was studied for Fe (III), Cu (II), Hg (II), Cd (II), Co (II), Zn (II), Ni (II), and Pb (II) ions. A batch equilibrium method was employed in the study of the selectivity of metal ion uptake involving the measurement of the distribution of a given metal ion between the terpolymer sample and a solution containing the metal ion. The study was carried out over a wide pH range and in media of various ionic strengths. The terpolymer showed a higher selectivity for Fe (III), Hg (II), Cd (II), and Pb (II) ions than for Cu (II), Co (II), Zn (II), and Ni (II) ions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008