Character Of Culture Research Articles

Publisher for the Masses: Emanuel Haldeman-Julius by R. Alton Lee

Reviewed by: Publisher for the Masses: Emanuel Haldeman-Julius by R. Alton Lee James J. Connolly R. Alton Lee, Publisher for the Masses: Emanuel Haldeman-Julius. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2017. 280 pp. $29.95 (cloth). In "View of the World from Ninth Avenue," Saul Steinberg's famed 1976 New Yorker cover, we are presented with a Manhattan-centered provincialism in which Middle America is a bit of empty space just beyond New Jersey. R. Alton Lee's Publisher for the Masses offers something close to the inverse, declaring tiny Girard, Kansas, to be "the literary and publishing Mecca of the United States, and thus the international center for Western civilization," between 1920 and 1950 (xi). His claim rests upon a thorough account of the life and work of Emanuel Haldeman-Julius, the socialist editor and publisher of the Little Blue Book series, a wildly popular collection of cheap, pocket-sized books. It is easy to be dismissive of Lee's bold claim. But he is certainly right to contend that Haldeman-Julius's work as a publisher from his home base in southeastern Kansas warrants far more attention than historians have given it, both for its impact on American reading experiences and as an illustration of the decentered character of the era's print culture. Born in 1889 to a Russian-Jewish couple who had emigrated from Odessa and ended up in Philadelphia, Emanuel Julius (he later added his wife's surname) grew up a streetwise kid and a bit of a loner. Relying heavily on Haldeman-Julius's memoirs, Lee provides a pastiche of his childhood environment that included street peddlers, marbles games, election nights, [End Page 205] and—as he got older—saloons and brothels. Emanuel left school early, after which two attractions came to define his life. The first arose when he was teenaged copy holder at the Philadelphia Press and Record, which spurred an interest in journalism and publishing. The second was socialism, to which he was introduced by outdoor speakers and in reading rooms. While still in his teens, Haldeman-Julius left for New York City, from which he would embark on a peripatetic journalistic career that found him writing for socialist publications across the country. While working as a bellboy at a girls' school, he published an article about Mark Twain in the wake of the novelist's death. The piece brought him to the attention of Louis Kopelin, the editor of the New York Call, who hired him as a reporter. There he encountered an array of prominent radicals while earning a name for himself as a left -wing journalist. Victor L. Berger, the first socialist elected to the U.S. Congress, soon hired him to write for the Milwaukee Leader, where he worked next to a young Carl Sandburg. He followed his editor, Chester M. Wright, to the Chicago World and then to the Los Angeles Citizen. Eventually splitting from Wright, who became editor of the Call, Haldeman-Julius became owner and editor of the Social Democrat, a weekly, and the Western Comrade, a monthly, in 1914. These perches gave him entry into west-coast socialist circles. Eventually, Wright invited him back to New York to write for the Call. Still only twenty-five, he returned as a seasoned journalist and a well-connected socialist figure. Haldeman-Julius stayed in New York for just a year before moving to Girard. The little Kansas town was home to Appeal to Reason, the preeminent socialist publication in the U.S. It had relocated there from Kansas City when its publisher, Julius Augustus Wayland, sought a more affordable place to publish his weekly. Louis Kopelin, its editor, brought Haldeman-Julius there, and the two eventually became co-owners of the paper. The latter settled in town and married Marcet Haldeman, who was the daughter of a local banker, the niece of Hull House co-founder Jane Addams, a former actor and dancer, and a free thinker. The two settled into an unconventional marriage, living financially and sexually independent lives within a tempestuous relationship. Although he remained sympathetic to socialism, Haldeman-Julius proved more entrepreneur than ideologue. He and Marcet purchased majority interest in...

«Другое дело Толстые...» А. К. Толстой в бунинском опыте исторической рефлексии: жанровый аспект темы памяти

The article deals with I. A. Bunin’s perception of the personality and works by A. K. Tolstoy. The key components of this reception are the system of philosophy of history views formulated by A. K. Tolstoy and his concept of historical memory. The belonging of the 19 th century poet to the large Tolstoy family was mythologized by Bunin and became a reason for understanding and determining the young writer’s own position in relation to each of the three writers: L. N. Tolstoy, A. K. Tolstoy and Bunin’s contemporary A. N. Tolstoy. The paper draws upon fictional and nonfictional documents by I. A. Bunin and A. K. Tolstoy. Bunin’s reception of the personality and artistic heritage by A. K. Tolstoy was determined by the history of his origin. The Tolstoy family attracted Bunin’s attention because it was an illustration of his own concept of the literary gift as a “family affair”. Leo Tolstoy enjoyed an undisputed genius and generally recognized family reputation. Aleksey N. Tolstoy’s biography, on the contrary, was ambiguous – the fact that inspired Bunin’s scandalous hints in his essay “The Third Tolstoy”. Aleksey K. Tolstoy’s biographical path of was also surrounded by similar rumors – but Bunin in his article “Inonia and Kitezh” prefers to keep silent on them. In the 1900s, A. K. Tolstoy appeared to Bunin as a rival poet, and in the eyes of Bunin’s contemporaries as the one of his main literary predecessors. Bunin’s poem “Kurgan” was a kind of poetic response to A. K. Tolstoy’s ballad “Kurgan” dedicated to the problem of historical oblivion. These works-doublets could serve as an illustration of one of the types of literary “revision” introduced by H. Bloom. Bunin developed the plot of A. K. Tolstoy’s “Kurgan” in the elegiac genre and demonstrated the value of the past in the present. Since 1918, Bunin’s perception of Tolstoy’s legacy has changed. A. K. Tolstoy’s views of the Russian history are publicly emphasized in the “Cursed Days”, “Mission of the Russian Emigration” and “Inonia and Kitezh”. According to A. K. Tolstoy, the historical catastrophe for Russia was programmed by “Tatar yoke”, which distorted the European character of the national culture and personality and later drove the nation to the particularly Asian, as Tolstoy thought, phenomenon of Ivan the Terrible. Borrowing some modern ideas from the natural sciences, Bunin transferred a number of A. K. Tolstoy’s observations into an anthropological sphere and pointed out specific signs of the “Mongolian” traces in Bolsheviks’ Russia.

The Girl in the Whirlpool: Girls' Culture (Shōjo Bunka) in Tanizaki's Manji = 谷崎潤一郎の『卍』における少女文化

The novel Manji (Quicksand, 1931) by Tanizaki Jun'ichirō, about a destructive love affair between two women, has been analyzed extensively for its use of Kansai dialect and its complex narrative style. This article argues for a new interpretation of Manji as a parody of 1920s girls' culture (shōjo bunka), in particular the S relationship (S kankei) or romantic friendship between two girls. Tanizaki uses signifiers of girls' culture in Manji to spin a tale of comedy and perversion. The novel reconfigures the S relationship to cater to the male gaze, containing and controlling the potentially disruptive shōjo character. Although the novel embeds the female characters in girls' culture, rather than a chaste friendship between two girls, Manji features a perverse sexual relationship between two adult women, ending in an attempted love suicide. By examining the references to girls' culture in the novel, as well as the theme of love suicide and censored content related to abortion and birth control, this essay shows how Tanizaki comedically, deliberately revised girls' culture tropes for male readers. Tanizaki uses mockery to contain and control the aspects of the S relationship threatening to the patriarchal order, using the recognizable markers of girls' culture to create a sexualized, voyeuristic tale of the shōjo as perverse and dangerous.

Biography as intertext in the lyrics of Volodymyr Bazylevsky: features of artistic interpretation

The article analyzes the poetic interpretation of biographical elements in the works of Volodymyr Bazylevsky. It is noted that the poet follows the modernist tradition to comprehend the biographies of the characters of world history and culture (real names) in order to turn them into precedent figures. The material for such literary transformations is not only real facts from biographies, but also legends and myths that exist in the space of culture. V. Bazylevsky shows interest in world history in general, but his focus is shifted to Ukrainian (Prince Svyatoslav, I. Nechuy-Levytsky, P. Kulish). The choice of biographical material is influenced by a special - "tragically optimistic" - the author's perception of reality, his attitude to tradition, the consistency of life and ideological position of the real-historical character with the problems of today. V. Bazylevsky tends to actualize existential situations, such as "choice", "death", "loneliness", giving biographies of a new interpretation as a synthesis of objective and subjective factors. In this way, V. Bazylevsky creates his own catalog of moral and aesthetic values ​​and positive characters, whose lives are a benchmark for contemporaries. It is generalized that biographical elements in V. Bazylevsky's lyrical texts appear as a part of the great author's myth about the Personality and outline the perspective of research of autobiographical elements as a part of the author's mythology of the Poet.

Late Orientalist Poetry and Politics: India in the Colonial Literary Culture of the 1830s

As British rule in India took an increasingly Anglicist and Utilitarian-influenced turn in the 1830s, there nevertheless persisted some remnants of the Orientalist approach to Indian culture associated with the scholarship of William Jones. This essay explores the work of William Francis Thompson (1810-1842), whose poetry and literary translations develop an unusually sympathetic identification with both colonizer and colonized subjects. It argues that Thompson’s recognition of parallels between European and Indian nationalism enables an alternative perception of British rule; and that his work highlights the eclectic and complex character of the colonial literary culture of British India.

ВОЗМОЖНОСТЬ ПОДЛИННОГО В ИГРЕ ПОСТМОДЕРНА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ФЕНОМЕНА ЛЮБВИ)

The article analyses the playful character of postmodern culture, raises the question of a fundamentally new understanding of the probability of the authentic. The example of the phenomenon of love shows the possibility of preserving the authentic at the level of experience. The emergence of transformed forms of the phenomenon of love clearly demonstrates the mechanism of alienation of the phenomenon in postmodern culture.

Rehabilitacija urbanog nasljeđa u službi etno-nacionalnih podijela na primjeru gradova Sarajeva i Banje Luke

This paper discusses the impact of the process of rehabilitation and revitalisation of the cultural and historical heritage of Banja Luka and Sarajevo on the strengthening of ethno-national policies /patterns of a divided society. Special attention will be paid to the processes of preserving the urban centres/historical cores of the mentioned cities, which are recognisable as places of separation and distancing for 'non-belonging' ethnic groups. In that sense, the rehabilitation of the urban heritage of Banja Luka and Sarajevo will not be exclusively problematised as preservation and aestheticisation of cultural and historical heritage 'per se', but as a kind of instrumentalisation of urban space for the purpose of over emphasising ethno-national identities in the post-war period. The survey will be primarily based on a comparative analysis of available data on the development of urban centres so far. The survey results indicate that the mentioned instrumentalisation of urban heritage is manifested through the planning and construction/renovation of specific facilities that (un)justifiably fit into the existing cultural and historical context characteristic of these cities. From that perspective, it is noticeable that the cultural and historical cores of Banja Luka and Sarajevo today have a far more significant role in promoting ethno-national identities and divisions than was the case in the past. The character of these processes does not have exclusively intentional features, but is conditioned by other current policies of urban development that do not have an ethno-national background.

Measuring cultural dimensions for cross-cultural management: Corporate governance outlook

The unobservable nature of the national culture is one of the main limits of research studying the impact of values systems’ in management sciences. This is why we aim in this study to identify a measure to three cultural dimensions namely, individualism (IND), masculinity (MASC) and long-term orientation (LTO). Our methodology is based on structural equation modeling (SEM) under LISREL approach, where latent variables are economic and demographic characteristics. Findings for the cross-national study over a period of 7 years including Tunisia, France, and Canada show that ecological indicators are able to determine studied cultural dimensions. However, due to the dynamic character of culture, some studied indicators are no longer the same as identified in prior studies.

Virginia y la reforma de la esclavitud, 1800–1865: Los límites del progreso en una sociedad esclavista by Gerardo Gurza Lavalle

Reviewed by: Virginia y la reforma de la esclavitud, 1800–1865: Los límites del progreso en una sociedad esclavista by Gerardo Gurza Lavalle Matt Childs Virginia y la reforma de la esclavitud, 1800–1865: Los límites del progreso en una sociedad esclavista. By Gerardo Gurza Lavalle. Historia Internacional. (Mexico City: Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora, 2016. Pp. 223. Paper, $22.99, ISBN 978-607-9475-48-2.) Mexican historian Gerardo Gurza Lavalle takes up the challenge of analyzing how the religious, political, and economic elite of Virginia attempted to modify and reform the institution of slavery in the nineteenth century. The author structures his analysis by arguing that, with the North industrializing and the Deep South expanding cotton production, Virginia slave masters took concrete steps to reform and diminish the state's economic reliance on slavery, even while they took steps to prolong slavery's existence. At the heart of Gurza Lavalle's analysis is to probe the contradictions embedded in attempts to simultaneously reform and protect slavery in nineteenth-century Virginia. The strength of the work is to revisit the split-personality upper South elite, who looked toward an industrial future in the early nineteenth century, but who remained reliant on an agricultural past. Over time, their inability to disavow their slaveholding past and their enthusiastic defense of slavery as a distinct cultural characteristic of the region became crystallized by responding to abolitionists' critiques with the evangelical furor supplied by the Second Great Awakening. The author analyzes the American Colonization Society as part of Virginia elites' efforts to reform slavery, even though he recognizes its overall ineffectiveness. For Gurza Lavalle, the overall failure of reform illustrates the inability of the Virginia elite to conceive of how to create a society free of slavery where former slaves could live. In the remaining chapters, the author focuses on the role of the church in promoting two distinct reform movements: first, those that attempted to eradicate or greatly diminish the importance of slavery to the Virginia economy; and second, those that accepted the inability to abolish the institution but attempted to make it less violent and more in accord with the Christian principles animating the Second Great Awakening. As his subject is the slaveholding elite and those closely aligned to their objectives, the author writes from the slave masters' perspective. He draws heavily from ecclesiastical sources, such as those produced by the Baptists, and in particular the minutes of local Baptist associations throughout Virginia. Gurza Lavalle recognizes that reforms were designed to maintain slave masters' dominance over society, but he asserts that some of their policies "reflected an authentic preoccupation for the living conditions of their slaves, and the desire to create a progressive and 'civilized' society" (p. 19). At certain places throughout the text, the argument that any reform of slavery essentially weakened the institution stands in contrast to recent studies that have shown that the nineteenth-century South was a dynamic malleable society. In recognition of arguments by Edward E. Baptist and Walter Johnson on the capitalist and modern features of nineteenth-century slavery, Gurza Lavalle argues that [End Page 703] his study complements their insights by showing how reformers hoped to develop an economy that moved beyond slavery. The promise of reform on the part of slaveholders to eliminate, modernize, and ameliorate slavery was far more than just a defensive strategy aimed at addressing abolitionists' discourses, according to Gurza Lavalle. Throughout the work, a critical examination of self-serving discourses that promised benevolent reforms on the part of the slaveholding elite and the actual social practices and experiences of the enslaved remains underdeveloped, an issue many readers will be quick to point out. However, it should be stressed that this is precisely the author's point; as social legitimacy was questioned on economic, religious, and political fronts, self-justification by the master class became all the more necessary and ever more defensive. In the end, the proliferation of attempts to modify slavery and its changing discursive legitimacy serves itself as an index of a society unraveling and the limits of reform. In closing, Gurza Lavalle provides an insightful analysis of the changes made...

Эффективные приемы работы с публицистическим текстом в ходе подготовки учащихся к государственной итоговой аттестации по русскому языку

The article introduces the reader to the tools of axiological lingua-methodology, which allows including preparation for the state final certification in the purposeful, rich in approaches and methods process of studying Russian as a national cultural phenomenon. The aim of the study is to describe effective methods of working with the journalistic text in the 11th grade Russian lesson “Filling the future with meaning...”. The choice of theoretical and experimental methods of research is connected with the tasks of systematization and classification of tasks used in the lesson; modeling of the educational process on the basis of the modern methodical tool — linguistic and cultural characteristics of the text; estimation of actions of understanding of the publicist text. The author of article asserts efficiency of inclusion of high school students in different kinds of activity (work with dictionaries and reference books; linguistic and cultural characteristic of the publicist text; writing of the publicist text on the set parameters; expressive public utterance of the publicist text with the purpose of attraction of attention etc.) on the basis of unified scenario lesson construction. Connection of a theme of a lesson with the future professional activity of pupils provides involvement of high school students in educational process, subjective experience of the contents of the publicist text and dialogue with their authors. The novelty of the research is to describe the motivating role of the journalistic text in teaching Russian in high school. The theoretical significance of the research is to describe effective ways of activity that allow modeling educational situations in the Russian language lesson with the linguistic and cultural characteristics of the text. The practical significance of the article is that the main provisions of the research can be widely applied in school practice in the context of the introduction of the Federal state educational standard of secondary General education in preparation for the state final certification. The presented tools are also adapted for distance learning.

Refleksi Nalar Budaya Pendidikan Islam dan dampaknya dalam Perilaku Sosial Keagamaan

Islamic education approaches religion as a social framework by carrying out critical reflections on social problems faced by society, both macro and micro, then building a change strategy (theory) that is practised in the form of action change (practice). In praxis, education builds a character's culture of educational behaviour as values ​​and behavioural characters. This study discusses the important role of Islamic educational institutions as agents of the development of science that have an impact on cultural social religious behavior. The results of this study indicate education in the formation of culture is an indoctrination as a process that is carried out based on a value system to instil certain ideas, attitudes, systems of thought, behaviour and beliefs. This practice is often distinguished from education because, in this act, an indoctrinated person is expected not to question or critically test the doctrine that has been learned.

Anthroposoomorphic Shaman Buckles of Transitional Period from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age

The article is dedicated to discussions with R. O. Mymokhod on the issue connected with the genesis and semantics of anthropozoomorphic figured buckles of the transitional period from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age of southern Europe that were discovered in burials. The author focuses on the semantics of figured buckles of the Dnieper-Don Babynska (DDBC) and Lolinska archaeological cultures. He argues that these buckles are anthropozoomorphic, and not anthropomorphic, as R. O. Mymokhod considers. The attention is paid to the maskoid character of Lolinska culture figured buckles, which links these artifacts to the performance of shamanic practices by the deceased. The specificity of the DDBC figured buckles is in the combination of a headless torso of a human with zoomorphic pedestal-bucranium. Two buckles of this type were found in the Shagar burial ground of Meshchyora lakes (Riazan region, the Russian Federation). The torso of one of them was decorated with a carved bird’s head. The author proves that bronze idols from the Galich shaman treasure (Kostromskaya region, the Russian Federation) were used as buckles — an element of shamanic clothing. Analogies have been drawn from the practice of Siberian shamanism. The author points out that the manifestations of shamanism along the Seim-Turbino (Galich treasure) — Shagara — Lola — DDBC belong to the early phase of the transitional period from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age (XXII—XX c. BC). Such a conclusion is supported by the calibrated radiocarbon dating of the corresponding complexes. In general, the group of figured DDBC buckles is sufficiently homogeneous, and while determining their semantics it is necessary to take into account the heredity of ceremonial and ideological traditions of Trypillia and Yamna communities, considering a certain “Yamna culture renaissance” during the transitional period from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age. The alternative view of the DDBC and Lola cultures buckles semantics does not in any way diminish the value of interesting observations, the analogies listed, and the conclusions of the R. O. Mymokhod article under disscussion.

The Scythian Kingdom in the Crimea in the 2nd Century BC and Its Relations with the Greek States in the North Pontic Region

Abstract The new data that have become available in the last two decades show that the Scythian Kingdom with its capital in Neapolis Scythica, which existed in the Crimea in the 2nd century BC, was much closer to Hellenistic states ruled by barbarian dynasties than to nomadic kingdom of the Scythians of the 4th century BC. At the same time, these data allow us to return in part to the old view formulated by Rostovtzeff about continuity between the Scythia of the 4th century BC and the Late Scythian Kingdom, which most researchers have rejected during the last thirty years. It turned out that this continuity existed at least at the ideological level, and the excavations at Ak-Kaya (Vishennoe) filled the chronological gap between the Scythian Kingdoms of the 4th and 2nd century BC. Apparently, Ak-Kaya became one of the political centres of the Scythians as early as the late 4th century BC, before the fall of “Great Scythia”, and the capital of the Crimean Scythians was located there before it was moved to Neapolis Scythica. In the formation of Late Scythian culture and the Late Scythian Kingdom with its capital first in Ak-Kaya and then in Neapolis Scythica, apart from the Scythian elements, sedentary Tauri took part, as well as probably the Greeks and the Hellenized population of the chorai of the Greek cities in north-western Crimea. A key role in changing the character of Scythian culture was apparently played by a change in its economic-cultural type and the transition from nomadic pastoralism to settled agriculture. This article proposes a new interpretation of the inscription on the mausoleum of Argotas, discovered in Neapolis Scythica in 1999. Argotas was probably not a Scythian, but a Greek, despite his Scythian name. This Bosporan aristocrat with Scythian family ties married the widowed Bosporan queen Kamasarya in the second quarter of the 2nd century BC and is mentioned as her husband in the inscription CIRB 75. He played an important role in governing the Bosporan Kingdom and in protecting it against attacks from the East. Then, most likely after the death of Kamasarya, he moved to the neighbouring kingdom of the Scythians, where he became one of the leading generals, the right-hand man of the king and the tutor to his children. After his death in ca. 130-125 BC, he received from King Skiluros unprecedented honours – a heroon in front of the facade of the royal palace was erected for him and, moreover, this was the only truly Greek building in Neapolis Scythica: it was built in accordance with the rules of the architectural order and decorated with Greek statues and reliefs, as well as a metric epitaph with numerous Homeric forms and expressions.

The Meaning of ‘Narou Style’ Web Novel in Japanese Culture

본 논문은 2000년대 이후 급성장한 일본 웹 소설 문화를 상징하는 ‘나로우계(なろう系)’ 웹 소설의 특징을 살펴보고, 이를 통해 2000년대 이후 일본 대중문화의 특징과 그것을 소비하는 일본 청년세대의 심상에 대해 알아보고자 한다. ‘나로우계’ 웹 소설이란, 2000년대 이후 인터넷 소설 투고 사이트 ‘소설가가 되자(小説家になろう)’를 필두로 빠르게 성장한 투고 방식에서 살아남은 작품, 즉 웹 소설 플랫폼에 소설을 연재하고 그 중 성공한 작품에 대한 별칭이다. 나로우계 웹 소설은 특정 장르에 대한 작가의 취향과 독자반응을 고려한 성공요소의 반영 등으로 인해 기존 대중소설과 다른 공통적 특징을 가진다. 대표적으로 소설의 시작을 보면, 주인공이 불의의 사고로 인해 현생을 마감하는 것으로 시작하는데, 여기서 ‘전생’과 ‘전이’를 통해 ‘이세계(異世界)’로 이동하여 전혀 다른 시공간에서 별개의 인생을 살거나 현생을 다시 사는 재생을 경험하게 된다. 심지어 기존 영웅 서사와는 대비되는 악역이 되거나, 조역 혹은 단역을 맡아 소설의 주요 서사에서 벗어나 한가한 삶을 영위하기도 한다. 여기서 실패한 인생을 다시 산다거나, 현생의 기억을 가진 채 다른 인생을 산다는 것 자체가 애초에 일종의 ‘치트키(cheat key)’를 가진 만큼, ‘이세계’의 삶은 현생보다 수월하거나 평화롭다. 이런 공통점은 90년대 일본 대중문화의 지배적인 특징이었던 ‘세카이계(セカイ系)’의 특징을 수용하면서도, 2000년대 이후 등장한 ‘결단주의’와 대비되는 현실 부정의 이야기 구조와 연결된다. 여기에는 현실의 경제적 어려움, 이지메, 사회적 소통 장애 등 현실세계의 어려움을 벗어나고자 하는 욕망이 투사되어 있으며, 사회 혹은 세계에서 중요한 역할을 하는 대신 소박하지만 자족하는 삶을 영위하고자 하는 일본 청년세대의 실상을 반영한다.This paper examines the characteristics of the ‘Narou Style’ web novel, which symbolizes the culture of Japanese web novel that has grown rapidly since the 2000s. Through this, I would like to examine the characteristics of Japanese popular culture and the image of Japanese youths who consume ‘Narou Style’ web novel. ‘Narou Style’ web novel is an alias for works which has published by the web novel service sites like Let s become a novelist . ‘Narou Style’ web novels have different characteristics from the existing public novels due to the reflection of the author s taste for a certain genre and the success factor considering the reader s reaction. Representatively, at the beginning of the novel, the protagonist begins by ending his life due to an accident. He or she moves to the other world through transmigration or transition and experiences new life in a completely different time and space. It can even become a villain in contrast to the existing heroic narrative, or play a role in acting or acting as a minor, leading a leisurely life away from the main narrative of the novel. The life of the other world is easier or more peaceful than the real life, because he or she has a kind of ‘cheat key’. This commonality embraces the characteristics of ‘Sekai Style’, which was the dominant characteristic of Japanese popular culture in the 90s, but is connected with the story structure of reality negation as opposed to decisionism that appeared after the 2000s. This reflects the desire to escape the real world s difficulties, including economic difficulties, bullying, and social communication disorder. Instead of playing an important role in society or in the world, it reflects the reality of Japanese young generation who want to have a simple but self-sufficient life.

Z historii badań nad Słowiańszczyzną w archeologii polskiej do wczesnych lat 1940

The article presents the interest of Polish archaeology before 1945 in the prehistory and early history of the Slavs. The pioneers were Count Jan Potocki towards the end of the 18th century a representative of the Enlightenment period, and then Zorian Dołęga Chodakowski. Chodakowski’s work from 1818 about the Slavs before Christianity opened the Romantic period in Polish antiquarianism. At this time the greatest Polish poets were writing important works relating to the pre-Christian past of Poland, and a statue of the pagan god Światowid (Światowit) was found in the river Zbrucz. Studies of the earliest Slavs were continued by the positivists. At the beginning of the 20th century, one of them was E.Majewski from Warsaw, a promotor of the works of L. Niederle devoted to Slavic antiquities. In the period when the cultural-historical school dominated, prehistoric archaeology was becoming ever more closely associated with nationalism and politics (G. Kossinna). Majewski was one of the first critics of Kossinna’s method and works. In the years 1919–1944 Majewski’s pupil, L. Kozłowski, and J. Czekanowski studied the origin of the Slavs. Both were professors of the University in Lviv. Together with J. Kostrzewski, a prehistorian from Poznań, they regarded the Lusatian culture from the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age as ancient Slavic. This view was important as propaganda in the political and scholarly dispute with prehistorians of the Third Reich. Its significance increased after the discovery and start of excavations of a fortified settlement of the Lusatian culture in Biskupin, in northwestern Poland. During the Second World War, Biskupin was excavated by H. Schleif from the SS-Ahnenerbe. The intention was to refute Kostrzewski’s views. At the same time, Kostrzewski and Kozłowski were writing works intended to confirm the ancient Slavic character of the Lusatian culture. Today their views constitute an interesting chapter in the history of science. Key words: early history of the Slavs, Światowid, Biskupin, Romantic period, Lusatian culture.

Romance «Blacked Night» by O. Tadeush based on Sappho’s poem: dialogue in “large time”

Romance «Blacked Night» by O. Tadeush based on Sappho’s poem: dialogue in “large time”

CARING THEORY IN CORRELATION TO HOSPITAL ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE HOLISTIC PROGRAM FOR NURSES

The study determined the significant correlation between the extent of attainment of the Caring Theory and extent of practice of characteristic of hospital organizational culture - Leadership Style, Managerial Values and Characteristics of Members, amongst 491 nurses from 5 government-funded hospitals in Metro Manila. It also showed: a very high extent of Caring attained by the nurses in terms of all the Caritas processes except the third; a very high extent of the Characteristics of the Hospital Organizational Culture Being Practiced as to Characteristics of its Members; and a high extent as to Leadership Style, and Managerial Values. It was recommended that nurses: must be more sensitive to their needs and of others; sustain their caring attitude and observe well characterization of others; lastly to enhance their leadership style and managerial values; Hospital administrators must arrange for ideal nurse-patient ratio and give nurses the appropriate load that they can accomplish for the shift; They also have to create a culture of success and positive environment for their nurses and lastly they should use the Sustainable Holistic Program for Nurses to sustain their very high extent of practice of caring attitudes and enhance those that were not.

Developing Educational Game as Language Acquisition Media for Young Learners

Language acquisition is the process of language mastery done by children naturally when they learn their mother of tongue. The era of globalization with the presence of sophisticated technology requires children to be able to use technology well. With the presence of technology, it makes it easy for children to learn many things, especially languages. The purpose of using language learning media based on the educational game culture character of the android system is to increase language acquisition for early childhood. With this language learning media, early childhood is helped in understanding and mastering verbal vocabulary. In addition, in this era, many people have Smart Phones that can load various applications. In addition, it is very easy for parents to access or open an android-based media application from their Smart Phones. The research method used is research and development. This development was carried out in the learning media, namely language learning media based on the educational character of the culture system of the android system. This study uses the Borg and Gall development theory which has been simplified into six stages. This research was conducted at PAUD / TK in the Ngawi Regency, East Java. The research subjects are early childhood and parents in PAUD/TK Ngawi Regency with a total of 50 people. The results of this study are in the form of educational learning applications based on the educational game culture character of the Android system. The results of the data analysis showed that, from 50 respondents who are parents of children, 44 people stated that the media ere feasible and very useful and 45 people gave positive responses. From the results of the addition of the acquisition of children's language shows 46 children experienced progress and the addition of the acquisition of a new language. The results of this study are expected to facilitate early childhood in language acquisition

PENGEMBANGAN BUDAYA SEKOLAH BERBASIS KATOLIK

Abstract: Qualitative research with a case study design aims to describe the development of Catholic- based school culture in the Middle School (SMP) Maria Gorreti Semarang (MGS), viewed from aspects: 1) the birth process of Catholic-based school culture, 2) values the character of Catholic-based school culture, 3) the strategy of developing a Catholic-based school culture, 4) supporting factors and obstacles faced in developing a Catholic-based school culture, and 5) efforts to minimize the constraints faced in developing a Catholic-based school culture. Data collection is done by methods: in-depth interviews, participant observation, and study documentation. Determination of data sources is done by using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was performed using the interactive patterns of Miles and Huberman (1994). Checking the validity of the data is done by using a degree of credibility through both source and method triangulation techniques. The results of study showed that he development of Catholic-based school culture in the MGS Middle School was carried out with reference to the founding father's philosophy of the Semarang Marsudirini foundation. The philosophical values of the founders of the school became the main foundation in shaping the school's cultural character. With the strategy of developing a school culture that is realized in various programs and activities aimed at teachers and education personnel and students, it is able to make MGS Middle School become an outstanding school as well as a favorite school in the city of Semarang. Keywords: Development, School Culture, SMP Maria Gorreti Semarang Abstrak: Penelitian kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang pengembangan budaya sekolah berbasis agama Katolik pada Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) Maria Gorreti Semarang (MGS), dilihat dari aspek: 1) Proses lahirnya budaya sekolah berbasis agama Katolik, 2) Nilai-nilai karakter budaya sekolah berbasis agama Katolik, 3) Strategi pengembangan budaya sekolah berbasis agama Katolik, 4) Faktor pendukung dan kendala yang dihadapi dalam pengembangan budaya sekolah berbasis agama Katolik, dan 5) Upaya untuk meminimalisir kendala yang dihadapi dalam pengembangan budaya sekolah berbasis agama Katolik. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipan, dan studi dokumentasi. Penetapan sumber data dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan pola interaktif Miles dan Huberman (1994) Pengecekan keabsahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan derajat kepercayaan (credibility) melalui teknik triangulasi baik sumber maupun metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan budaya sekolah berbasis agama Katolik pada SMP MGS dilaksanakan dengan mengacu pada nilai-nilai filosofis pendiri (founding father) Yayasan Marsudirini Semarang. Nilai-nilai filosofis para pendiri sekolah tersebut menjadi landasan utama dalam pembentukan karakter budaya sekolah. Dengan strategi pengembangan budaya sekolah yang direalisasikan dalam berbagai program dan kegiatan yang ditujukan bagi guru dan tenaga kependikan serta para peserta didik mampu menjadikan SMP MGS menjadi sekolah berprestasi sekaligus sekolah favorit di Kota Semarang. Kata Kunci: Pengembangan, Budaya Sekolah, SMP Maria Gorreti Semarang

Strategies for preserving memes as artefacts of digital culture

The Internet archives kept by heritage libraries are analysed, focusing specifically on that new type of expression characteristic of web culture and digital folklore, the meme. Five paradigmatic examples of heritage institutions engaging in web archive initiatives are explored: the Library of Congress, British Library, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Biblioteca Nacional de España and National Library of Australia. Specific assessment categories are defined for the study. The findings reveal a lack of collection policies for such representative objects of today’s mass culture and identify the challenges both for the custodial institutions and for research in the future.