Characterological Features Research Articles

Characteristic features of manifestations of aggressiveness in children

Aggressive behavior in children is a serious problem that can have far-reaching consequences for both children themselves and their families, as well as for society as a whole. Understanding the characteristic features of aggressiveness in children is key to developing effective strategies for prevention and correction. Its manifestations can be different: from physical aggression (hitting, pushing) to verbal (insults, threats) and emotional (anger, resentment). In today's world, where children are constantly exposed to the flow of information, violence and stress, the issue of aggressive behavior is becoming more and more relevant. The increase in the number of cases of bullying, cruelty and violence among children indicates the need for a deep study of this problem. The purpose of the article is to study the characterological features of manifestations of aggressiveness in children, to identify factors influencing its development, and to provide recommendations for prevention and correction. Various types of aggression, factors that provoke it, and age-related features of its manifestations are described. The types of children's aggression are considered: physical aggression (is the most common type of aggressive behavior in children, it can manifest itself in the form of hitting, pushing, spoiling things), verbal aggression (verbal insults, threats, mocking) and emotional aggression (anger, resentment, hostility). Factors that can provoke aggressive behavior in children are described, in particular: family problems (brutal treatment by parents, quarrels, divorce), mental disorders (anxiety, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), media influence (children who often watch movies and violent TV shows, more prone to aggressive behavior). It is noted that in preschool age, aggression often manifests itself in a physical form, in elementary school age, verbal forms of aggression appear, and adolescence is characterized by aggression, which can manifest itself in various forms, in particular, group aggression is often observed. It is noted that aggressiveness in children is a complex problem that requires a comprehensive approach. It is important not only to punish children for aggressive behavior, but also to help them find healthy ways to express their emotions.

The life and personality of Semyon Semyonovich Zimnitsky in the memoirs of contemporaries and students (on the 150th anniversary of his birth)

Semyon Semyonovich Zimnitsky is an outstanding Russian and Soviet scientist, a doctor of the highest class, who has received worldwide recognition. He lived only 54 years, lived and worked in a very difficult social environment and no less problematic close circle. To his brilliant successes S.S. Zimnitsky owes both his heredity and his teachers — outstanding scientists of Russia, professors Sergei Sergeevich Botkin, Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, as well as the conditions for fruitful work that were created at the end of his career. Zimnitsky's charisma was largely determined by his personal qualities. The article shows for the first time the characterological features of his unique, active nature. The people around him described the personality traits of S.S. Zimnitsky in very contradictory ways: from “very obstinate, emotional, constantly conflicting, not shy in expressions, tearing up medical records” to “a gentle, kind person, lively, cheerful, always energetic, always cheerful, with a friendly face, good-natured, with subtle humor, lyrically glorifying nature”. These characteristics differ in tone, but are similar in one thing — S.S. Zimnitsky was a very emotional person. Being a true patriot, through his research he called for Russian science to receive the same powerful magnitude and strength as Russian culture. A passionate and convinced fanatic of his ideas, he was a fiery polemicist, and this exceptional temperament, which gave an original and often bright subjective color to his reports and especially polemical speeches, was one of the significant obstacles to the dissemination of the brilliant ideas and achievements of S.S. Zimnitsky. A great lover of nature and connoisseur of it, S.S. Zimnitsky often, both when analyzing patients on rounds and at lectures, borrowed from nature living and original comparisons and examples that clearly depicted the phenomenon and were forever etched in the memory. His love for nature was also reflected in his poetic works, where much attention was paid to its beauties.

Tactical Features of the Interrogation of a Suspect (Accused) in a Conflict Situation in the Investigation of Terrorist and Extremist Crimes

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the interrogation of a suspect (accused) in criminal cases of terrorist and extremist orientation. Interrogation is one of the most difficult investigative actions in tactical terms. The investigator or another person who takes testimony from the interrogated has to face a number of difficulties. The article highlights the problematic aspects of interrogation in a conflict situation of both procedural and tactical nature. Forensically, investigative tactics are based on scientifically proved recommendations from various fields of knowledge. The key in the verbal contact of the subjects of interrogation is knowledge from the field of psychology based on the characterological features of the criminal’s personality. The problem of identifying the psychological personality type of the interrogated person is associated with his various behavioral reactions to stimuli, as well as features of world perception, cultural, aesthetic preferences. The article defines the investigative task of recognizing the radical personality of the suspect (accused) to establish psychological contact with him (paranoid, hysteroid, epileptoid, emotive, hyperthymic, anxious and schizoid). Most of the considered tactics and combinations relate to the psychology of the relations of the opposing participants in criminal proceedings. On the one hand, this is an investigator, who must take truthful testimony and, on the other hand, a suspect (accused) who is trying to avoid criminal liability for an illegal act committed or minimize this liability. Tactical interrogation techniques developed in domestic criminology have been clarified by the author of the article and supplemented for the purposes of effective investigation of terrorism and extremism. The proposed recommendations for obtaining testimony can be used not only at the stage of preliminary investigation of crimes, but also during the pre-investigation check.

Образ врача в рецепции отечественной критики и литературоведения XX-XXI веков

The article highlights the stages of literary and critical reception of the doctor’s image presented in Russian prose in the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries. The work is novel in that it is the first to consider and systematize different points of view of critics and literary scholars on the nature of the doctor’s artistic image, on the doctor’s place in the cultural and historical space of Russia. The research aims to identify the key trends in the reception of the doctor’s image in Russian criticism and literary studies in the 20th and 21st centuries. As a result, it is found that while the thinkers of the 19th century highlight characterological features of a doctor character such as inner freedom, thirst for knowledge and empiricism of thinking inherent in the new generation, the critics and literary scholars of the early 20th century consider a doctor character in the context of the era of scientific discovery. During the period of totalitarianism, the hero is evaluated in terms of having “obligatory” qualities and his involvement with socialism and its achievements. Since the late 1980s, a doctor character has been analyzed from the position of his belonging to the intelligentsia, whose representatives are characterized by internal contradictions. The studies of the early 21st century attempt to reinterpret traditional renderings of Russian classical literature, outline new approaches to the analysis of a literary image: a doctor character is presented as a bearer of the highest spiritual value, a way to transmit hidden meanings.

ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ МЕТОДИКА САМОИДЕН-ТИФИКАЦИИ ХАРАКТЕРОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ТИПОВ

This article discusses an experimental method of self-identification of characterological types, which is a high-potential diagnostic tool for educational psychologists. The use of this technique allows to significantly reduce the time required for diagnostics and, consequently, to pay more attention directly to the counseling and correctional-developmental process. In modern psychological science the study of characterological features and their connection with human behavior is one of the key directions in the field of psycho-diagnostics. Characterological type is a complex of psychological traits that influence people's behavior and their interaction with others. Understanding of the characterological type allows predict-ing emotional reactions, communication styles and scripted forms of behavior in stressful situations, which, in turn, allows the school psychologist to effectively conduct corrective-developmental activities and individual counseling of all participants of the educational process. The experimental technique of self-identification of characterological can significantly optimize the diagnostic process and improve the quality of counseling and corrective-developmental work. Further research in this direction will make it possible to im-prove the methodology and expand its application in the education-al sphere.

Organised forms of online fraud: types, content and elements of forensic characteristics

The use of modern technology by fraudsters to cheat citizens has become one of the attributes of nowadays: organised forms of online fraud have emerged. Insufficient attention is paid to this topic in the scientific literature. The authors of this study have attempted to systematise the forms of organised online fraud and outline its structural elements. This article is the first one in a cycle of three articles devoted to this topic. The authors identify the most typical types of organised forms of online fraud from the vast array of fraud manifestations and analyse the specifics of their criminalistic characteristics. Types of online fraud organised forms are systematised in the study; their characterological features and mechanisms of achieving the criminal result are highlighted. On the basis of theory and law enforcement practice, online fraud organised forms’ key types are identified with some of these crimes’ criminalistic typisation characterised.

PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PROFESSIONAL RELIABILITY OF PHYSICAL TRAINING SPECIALISTS

The article examines the psychological aspects of the professional reliability of military personnel – full-time physical training specialists. An ascertaining experiment was conducted using psychodiagnostic tools. The characterological features of specialists are considered, the operational assessment of the severity of such characteristics of an individual as well-being, activity, mood, level of general and situational anxiety is given. The results obtained can be considered as an indicator of the psychological well-being of an individual as a whole and as a preliminary forecast for reliability in professional activities of specialists.

Акцентуации характера, ценностные ориентации и агрессивность подростков как факторы риска совершения правонарушений несовершеннолетними

<p style="text-align: justify;">Juvenile delinquency is an important problem facing our society at the moment. In the re-search work, various theoretical methods were used, the “Adapted adolescent questionnaire of Leonhard-Schmishek”, the “Questionnaire of the level of aggressiveness of Bass-Perry” methods, the S. Schwartz “Value orientations” method. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U-test and the Pearson correlation coefficient. The characterological features of juvenile offenders, the level of their aggressiveness and the system of value orientations were identified. Most offenders have an excitable, hyperthymic and emotive type of accentuations, a high level of aggressiveness and a different value system to the control group. Statistically significant correlations were found between character accentuations, the level of aggressiveness and value orientations. The obtained data make it possible to increase the effectiveness of preventive work with adolescents, their parents and teachers.</p>

Psychological characteristics of IT workers with different professional tasks

The study involved 99 IT-workers who were divided into 4 subgroups depending on the content of the job: 3 groups of professional IT-workers system administrators, software developers, product supporters (62 people), and a group of office workers (37 people). The neurotic state questionnaire by Yakhin and Mendelevich, the Pittsburgh sleep questionnaire, as well as a questionnaire on socio-demographic indices were used. Software developers showed a significant tendency to neurotic depression and reactions of hysterical type compared with the other groups. This was related with both the personal characteristics of the workers, and the content and organization of work. For the other two subgroups of professional IT-workers, characterological features played a more important role in the development of neurotic states than the content of the job.

Dysbiotic changes in the intestines under the influence of exogenous biological determinants

Introduction. Data were obtained on the difference in the quantitative and specific composition of intestinal microbiota bacteria in practically healthy individuals with subclinical invasions by pathogenic intestinal protozoa Lamblia intestinalis, Blastocystis hominis. Сhanges in bacterial composition were shown to have characterological features and species-specific «targets» of intestinal microbiota destruction. 
 Material and methods. Bacteriological and parasitological research methods were used. For a comparative analysis of quantitative and specific changes in the symbiotic microflora, there were formed two groups: “Yes” and “No” for each type of pathogenic protozoa, bacteriological indicators were ranked by quantitative content — CFU “0–103”, CFU “103–10max”, CFU “10max”. Statistical differences in research results were determined by the Chi-square calculation method. 
 Results. Antagonistic activity of unicellular protozoa in relation to the symbiotic bacterial intestinal microflora in the examined population groups has a different degree of severity depending on the type of invasion. Parasitic pathogens were shown to inhibit up to 40% of the quantitative and 50% of the species composition of the intestinal microflora and are an aggressive biogenic factor in the destruction of biota. There are no limitations of the study. 
 Limitations. The studies had no methodological or administrative restrictions.
 Conclusion. For the first time, significant statistical material has confirmed that asymptomatic parasitosis is a strong biogenic determinant of the development of destructive changes in the integral structure of the symbiotic microflora and the formation of a subclinical form of dysbiosis in an “almost healthy contingent” of the population. The asymptomatic carriage of Blastocysts spp. was found to have a more pronounced antagonistic effect on the bacterial composition of the intestinal microbiota than the presence of L. intestinalis, Blastocysts spp., form intestinal dysbiosis more aggressively, which indicates a greater pathogenic potential of B. hominis in the formation of intestinal pathology in humans.

"The Andropov problem": to a sociological characterisation of the Soviet society

The topic of the article is the problem of “understanding” the Soviet society, interpreted, however, not in line with the so-called “understanding sociology”, but from the point of view of a “portrait” approach to describing particular societies, that allows to identify their characterological features and specifics. On the basis of the complementarity principle formulated by N. Bohr, methodological issues of implementing such an approach are considered, mainly in terms of integrating discourses and languages for describing social reality. As a starting point of the characterological model of a particular society, the article proposes to take its dominant motivations and the sociocultural environment that supports them. For this purpose the concept of a motivating environment of society is introduced. The social nature of the Soviet society is being characterised on the basis of a comparison of sociological research materials, statistical data, assessments of prominent Soviet figures and judgments of "ordinary Soviet people", as well as the author´s own observations. Based on the analysis of these materials, the author proves that the system-forming motivations of the Soviet everyday life are in fact bourgeois in nature. At the same time, against the general background of bourgeois modernity, the Soviet society stood out for its special characterological features, successively associated with the sociocultural trends of the last decades of the existence of the Russian Empire and the peculiarities of the Russian model of educational modernisation. First of all, it is the attitude to education and erudition, that we perceived not as instrumental, but as terminal values. Tracing the dynamics of the intellectual and spiritual needs of the Russian society over long historical intervals, the author considers the formation of such an attitude towards education as a cultural revolution. At the same time, the article substantiates a fundamentally new interpretation of the cultural revolution, that supports the idea that the beginning of the cultural revolution preceded the political revolutions of 1905 and 1917. The attitude to education as a terminal value largely determined the logic of the internal evolution of the Soviet society, during which specific forms of sociality developed in the USSR, that authors propose to define as the society of education.

The functional state of the visual analyzer and characterological features of children at a primary school age with orthophoria and heterotropia

Objective. To analyze the functional state of the visual analyzer and characterological features of children at a primary school age with orthophoria and heterotropia.Materials and methods. Eighty-four children (168 eyes) aged 6-11 years were examined. Two groups comparable in age and gender were formed. Group 1 included 35 children (70 eyes) with orthophoria with moderate degree hyperopia Hm 4.1 [1.0; 8.75] Dptr; Group 2 consisted of children with concomitant convergent strabismus with a moderate degree hyperopia Hm 4.3 [0.75; 9.75] Dptr - 49 patients (98 eyes). To study the properties of the nervous system (NS) hardwaresoftware complex “NS-Psychotest” (Neurosoft LLC, Ivanovo, Russia, http://neurosoft. com/ru) was used. Neurodynamic indices of sensorimotor reaction were determined according to the methods “Simple visual-motor reaction” (PMR), “Distinguishing reaction” (DR), “Choice reaction” (PC), “Reaction to a moving object” (RMA), “Critical flicker fusion frequency” (CFF), Lusher’s color test.Results. Concomitant strabismus in group 2 children significantly increased “Simple visual-motor reaction” (SVMR), “Discrimination reaction” (RR) and “Choice reaction” (RС) by 43 ms, 80.8 and 57.8 ms, respectively (p<0.05), compared to the group of children with orthophoria, indicating reduced mobility of nervous processes and predominance of inhibitory processes in the central nervous system (CNS).Conclusion. It follows from the results obtained that the presence of heterotrophy in group 2 children reliably leads to a decrease in the mobility of nervous processes and the predominance of inhibitory processes in the CNS. The combination of low reaction rate and expressed inertness of nervous processes in children of the 2nd group indicates a mismatch in the relationship between the centers of the visual and motor analyzers.

FEATURES OF CYBERBULLYING PREVENTION IN THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY

The article presents the experience of organizing preventive work on the problem of destructive aggression in university students. Young people as a certain socio-psychological group, with their age characteristics, are the most vulnerable to the effects of destructive discourse. The article analyzes the problem of manifestation of destructive behavior, considers the causes, types, forms of its manifestation in the youth environment. A special place is occupied by the negative impact of cyberbullying on the mental health of its victims. Methods for diagnosing a tendency to destructive aggression used by the Center for Socio-Psychological Support of Students of NSUU to identify students at risk are presented; some diagnostic results are given. The most common cases of cyberbullying in the practice of a university psychologist are described. Some characterological features and personal properties of students - aggressors were revealed. The experience of the Center for Social and Psychological Support of Students on monitoring, analysis, interpretation of markers of destructive aggression in social networks is presented. A model of a comprehensive program of destructive aggression prevention in the conditions of educational institutions has been developed, which includes primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЛИЧНОСТИ И ВРЕМЕННОЙ ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ У ПОДРОСТКОВ С РАССТРОЙСТВАМИ ПИЩЕВОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ

The work presents the results of a study in the relationship between eating behaviors and the temporal perspective of personality, as well as the personality characterological features among older adolescents. Using the Dutch Eating Questionnaire (DEBQ) the authors identifie restrictive, emotive and external eating behaviors. The characteristics of adolescents are analyzed on the basis of the modified A. Lichko PDO questionnaire. The temporal perspective of personality is considered in accordance with the model of F. Zimbardo. Significant bilateral positive links were found between the orientation of adolescents to the negative past and restrictive and emotive types of eating behavior. The study obtained a significant positive correlation between restrictive eating behavior and the following accentuations: cycloid type, sensitive type, excitable type; between emotive eating behavior and hyperthymic, asthenoneurotic, sensitive types. As a result of the study, no significant relationships were found between external eating behavior and character accentuations.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНА МОДЕЛЬ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОГО КЛІМАТУ В ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ В ПРОЦЕСІ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ В УКРАЇНІ

The article examines the concept of the socio-psychological climate of the organization, its meaningful characteristics and factors that influence the phenomenon under study. Approaches to determining the components of the socio-psychological climate of the organization are summarized. The main factors of the socio-psychological climate of state authorities and local self-government bodies are summarized as phenomena that represent complex dynamic systems, the elements of which, in connection with a significant number of special specific tasks, are endowed with certain features and traits that reflect their specificity. The special features of state administration are presented, which lead to special approaches for analyzing the state of the social and psychological climate in the collectives of state authorities and local governments, with the aim of making it possible to further evaluate its components and form an integral indicator for calculating a favorable SPK to achieve the goals set for the participants of these institution. The substantive, characterological features of the organization as a phenomenon, state authorities, and local self-government bodies, which reflect the collective of organization members, including management, job relationships, rules, duties, decision-making methods, technologies, capital, strategies for achieving goals, are substantiated. The refined concept of "social-psychological climate of the state authority, local self-government body" is presented as a set of multifaceted elements that are based on the personal characteristics of the members of the institution's team, the peculiarities of their mutual relations, working conditions that determine the productivity of management activities in the affairs of the state and society. The first developed theoretical model of the socio-psychological climate of organizations, namely state authorities and local self-government bodies in the process of implementing the reform of local self-government and territorial organization of power in Ukraine, is presented.

HEROIC MYTH IN THE WORKS OF SOVIET CHILDREN’S WRITERS

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to identify and further analyze the phenomenology and content-plot side of Soviet neomythology, embodying the archetype of the hero-victim in the textual materials of artistic poetry and prose for children, as well as the means used for this embodiment.
 Methodology. The method or methodology of doing the work. In the course of the work, the method of text analysis, content analysis, cross-factor analysis of the material of a number of sources was used according to parameters that have their own content, significant for achieving the goal stated in the study.
 Results. The article analyzes the structure and pragmatics of the ideologically oriented Soviet neo-myth. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of such categories as the sacralization and instrumentalization of the created mythological material, the inherent characterological features and features of the created image, which make it possible to characterize the characters created by different children’s writers as fighters, as heroes, as sacred victims. According to the results of the study, the features of the heroic character of childhood, his sacrifice and immortality, formed by the myth in the mass public perception, are identified and analyzed. In conclusion, a number of pragmatic aspects of operating the cultural image of a child-hero and a child-victim from the side of ideology, patriotic education with the help of emotions and moods of society are considered.
 Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in the field of cultural studies, philosophy of culture, philosophy of literature to analyze effective and ineffective in the field of educating an active citizen and patriot through artistic techniques. The results of the analysis are acutely relevant, since modern Russian culture needs effective tools for civic and patriotic education.

Humanitarian Crisis of Civilization in the Context of Russian Aggression: Discursive-Cultural and Mental-Worldview Aspects

There are various angles one can view the military aggression of Russia against Ukraine and the entire civilized world from: political, historical, economic and other, yet it can also be considered in a much larger framework – mental and cultural. This aspect is the least discussed in the scientific circles; however, it is impossible to understand the essence of geopolitical processes disregarding the given segment of the modern world picture. This paper deals with an analysis of the worldview model of an average citizen of the Russian Federation, and they account for about 80 percent of the ethno-demographic array; it also extrapolates intellectual reflections to the European socio-cultural space. The research revolves around such basic impact factors as language, communication, media space, and society. The whole century of constant information interventions, methodically carried out by the political and propaganda industry from the territory of Russia, resulted in the appearance of a specific mental and worldview space. Its common representative’s mentality and reality perception characteristically is invariably clouded by the following elements: the lack of trust to any other nation (we talk about cultural phenomena here), groundless self-admiration, understanding of personal helplessness, irresponsibility, following a totalitarian leader and his utopian ideas. In this realm, one can find an explanation for the low ethical level and lack conscience of the common citizen of the Russian Federation, his petty worldview, cruelty and antagonism towards the Ukrainian people. All the social-mental characteristics of the Russian nation serve to prove the deep crisis of the spiritual sphere and the agony of the "Russian world" as such. Its desperate lunges towards independent Ukraine, other post-Soviet republics, and the civilized world in general are in fact a manifestation of collective mental disorders, they contain metastases aimed at fairly marginalized segments of the Eurasian reality and make up a recurring phenomenon.
 In his research, the author relies on the interfield material in social sciences and humanities, on the analysis of communicative behavior of political leaders and representatives of the cultural and scientific elite of modern Russia, on media products of propaganda channels, on the content of social networks, etc. The article introduces the typology of the main characterological features of the modern Russia mental space.

Strategies of behavior in conflicts of security workers with different personal characteristics

Introduction. Understanding the peculiarities of the determination of the behavior of individuals, in particular, of security workers, in conflict situations by their individual characteristics, can significantly help organizational psychologists, specialists in personnel work during the selection and placement of personnel according to work areas, in the forecasting, resolution and prevention of conflicts at workplace, and increase the overall efficiency of the work of security firms. Aim. To find out the relationship between the propensity of security guards to use certain conflict-management strategies and their personal characteristics. Methods. The Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Іnstrument (ТКІ) (adapted by N. Grishina), The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) by R. Cattell, Leongard-Shmishek Accentuation Type Test, Test of self-assessment of stressresistance of S. Kouhenand G. Willianson; Pearson's correlation analysis and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test were used for statistical data processing. Results. The strategies of personality conflict behavior and approaches to the determination of personality behavior in conflicts by various factors are analyzed, the leading ones being personal properties, such as characterological features, character accentuations, personality stress resistance.Differences were found in the use of conflict behavior strategies by security personnel with types of accentuations: demonstrative, emotional, exalted, anxious, stuck, and hyperthymic.The relationship between conflict behavior strategies and a set of factors according to R. Cattell's 16-factor personality questionnaire 16-PF was established.According to the test of self-assessment of stress resistance by S. Kouhen and G. Willianson, no correlations with strategies of conflict behavior were found. Conclusions. The study established the peculiarities of determining the use of conflict behavior strategies by security service employees by personal characteristics – character traits (dreaminess / practicality; abstract / concrete thinking; sensitivity / firmness; high / low normativeness; suspiciousness / credulity, etc.) and types of character accentuations: (demonstrational, emotional,exalted, anxious, stuck and hyperthymic).

Cultivating virtue through poetry: an exploration of the characterological features of poetry teaching

ABSTRACT This paper explores the possibilities of using character education through poetry to cultivate virtue in a secondary-school context. It focuses on the philosophical assumptions behind the intervention development and some implications of the intervention. We explore character education and poetry teaching as a tool for moral reasoning through the means of the method of ‘poetic inquiry,’ drawing also on insights from Wittgenstein. Character education and ‘poetic inquiry’ share similar goals, but are not harmonious as far as theory and methodology goes. It clearly matters what exactly is to be cultivated, and in this paper we show that ‘poetic inquiry’ and character education, if used to foster practical reasoning, can be used as a means of ethical-cum-emotional self-cultivation. What makes both these case-specific approaches effective, and to some extent unique, is the possible employment of creative writing, and the development of the intellectual virtue of creative critical thinking.

Modele przywództwa w Koreańskiej Republice Ludowo-Demokratycznej

This article analyzes leadership models in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK). It concerns the three leaders ruling in successive historical periods, from 1948 (from the proclamation of the DPRK) to the present day. The aim of this article is to place the leadership types of North Korean dictators within the framework of political leadership theoretical concepts and then compare them with each other. This article’s main research problem is an attempt to answer the question: Are we dealing with a single model of political leadership in the DPRK, or maybe individual dictators, despite some similarities in the way they rule, are different from each other? After analyzing the way of coming to power, the characterological features, the circumstances and manner of governing, and changes made to the political system via changes to the Constitution, it was possible to point out differences and similarities in the leadership models of Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il and Kim Jong-un. In this article, the author uses the comparative, legal-dogmatic and historical analysis methods.