Characterization Of ZnO Research Articles

Synthesis and characterization of ZnO–TiO2/PVDF-HFP hybrid nanocomposite with enhanced β-phase: implications for environmental monitoring and energy harvesting

Synthesis and characterization of ZnO–TiO2/PVDF-HFP hybrid nanocomposite with enhanced β-phase: implications for environmental monitoring and energy harvesting

Synthesis and characterization of ZnO and Au/ZnO thin films for ethanol gas sensing application

Synthesis and characterization of ZnO and Au/ZnO thin films for ethanol gas sensing application

Eco-friendly synthesis and characterization of ZnO and Mg-Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles using Phoenix dactylifera L. seeds: exploring biological activity and structural properties

Eco-friendly synthesis and characterization of ZnO and Mg-Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles using Phoenix dactylifera L. seeds: exploring biological activity and structural properties

Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic performance of polyvinyl alcohol/zinc oxide nanocomposites: A comprehensive study

The present work presents a detailed study on the synthesis and characterization of ZnO and PVA/ZnO nanoparticles using a bottom-up chemical precipitation method. The study found that the incorporation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in ZnO induced a reduction in the XRD peak intensity due to mixed phases on the surface of the nanoparticles. Both ZnO and PVA/ZnO nanoparticles exhibited a non-uniform size distribution below 50 nm, with PVA/ZnO showing a higher dislocation density and microstrain distribution. Using deformation models, Young's modulus equation revealed that PVA/ZnO experiences higher stress values, but also possesses a greater energy density than pure ZnO. The optical properties of the ZnO and PVA/ZnO nanoparticles exhibited bandgaps of 3.14 and 3.09 eV, respectively. The refractive index was found to be influenced by the electronic structure of the material, which wasin turn governed by the bandgap. PVA passivation enhanced the optical quality of ZnO by reducing the non-radiative recombination of charge carriers, leading to improved absorption and higher optical density. TEM analysis revealed that the nanoparticles are polycrystalline and have a pebble-like shape with a size distribution that is less than 49 nm. The study compared the photocatalytic efficiency of PVA/ZnO and pure ZnO nanoparticles in the degradation of crystal violet dye and found that PVA/ZnO exhibited a slightly lower efficiency (48 %) compared to pure ZnO (49 %) after 90 min, with reaction rates of 0.00694 and 0.00747, respectively, indicating a comparable performance despite the presence of PVA. The study exhibits promising applications in optoelectronic-driven environmental remediation processes.

Synthesis and characterization of ZNO: CU and AG bimetallics nanoparticles by sol gel method

Different weight ratios of Cu-silver-doped and non-doped ZnO nanoparticles were created, By using XRD, FTIR, UV-visible spectroscopy, FESEM, and EDS the presence of nanoparticles in the sol-gel (ZnO) and (ZnO: Ag and Cu) techniques was confirmed, the JCPDS standard card for Zn (01-080-0074) validated the hexagonal ZnO structure by X-ray diffraction for (ZnO) and (ZnO:Ag and Cu). we calculated the average crystal size of all the produced samples, and we observe that the crystal size grows as the ratio of copper and silver doping rises. According to the FTIR data, O-H expansion is responsible for the expected distinctive absorption band in the vicinity of (3090-3665 cm). Because KBr quickly absorbs CO, it is possible that the peaks in the range (1550-1630 cm) are caused by the KBr utilized. These peaks are related to the stretching vibrations of C=O that are symmetric and asymmetric. The stretching vibration of the ZnO bond can be seen in the form of a prominent peak in the (350–780 cm) range. When Ag and Cu are entered to the doped ZnO samples, the peak strength declines, indicating the start of Ag and Cu clusters on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles. The bond position was shifted as a result of alteration in bond length brought about by the substitution of Ag+ ions at the ZnO lattice sites. According to the UV-VIS measurements, pure ZnO has a peak at 370 nm that becomes red at 569 nm. With increasing concentrations of Ag and Cu, the nanocomposites show high absorption in the visible region because the peaks shift monotonously to longer wavelengths and cause the energy gap value to decrease by 3, 2.958, 2.76, 2.74, 2.69, and 2.5 eV, respectively. According to the FESEM data from IMAGE J, the nanoparticles have a spherical or nearly spherical form. Zn, Ag, and Cu elements may be seen in the EDS data.

Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO:NiO Nanocomposites Prepared by Phyllanthus Emblica Fruit Extract Assisted Green Method

We present the environment-friendly facile production of ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO: NiO nanocomposites by a completely green synthesis method using Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract as solvent as well as reducing agent. The existence of ZnO and NiO phases in the nanocomposites is confirmed by XRD analysis. Rietveld Refinement was performed to calculate the corresponding structural parameters. The average crystallite size is found in between 18 nm to 22 nm for the different phases present in all the samples. The microstructures of ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO:NiO nanocomposites were investigated by FE-SEM, displaying mixed morphology having a combination of quasi-spherical and hexagonal shape and the particle size varying from 20 nm to 120 nm. The existence of vibrational modes corresponding to ZnO and NiO phases is shown by Raman spectroscopy. Dielectric characteristics were examined as a function of applied electric field frequency, revealing a decrease in dielectric constant with NiO addition, which was ascribed to the creation of ZnO:NiO interfaces in the composites. Complex impedance analysis was used to confirm the effect of grain and grain boundary resistance on dielectric characteristics. Complex impedance analysis, which supports the predominance of grain boundaries in the conduction process, was used to confirm the effect of grain and grain boundary resistance on the dielectric characteristics.

Spray deposited carbon nanotube embedded ZnO as an electrons transport layer in inverted organic solar cells

In this report, the synthesis and characterization of ZnO and carbon nanotube (CNT) embedded ZnO composite thin films are presented. The obtained ZnO and CNT composite ZnO thin films are used as an electron transport layer (ETL) for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) inverted organic solar cell (IOSC) with the architecture of ITO/ZnO:CNT/PTB7:PC71BM/MoO3/Ag. Both ZnO and CNT composite ZnO thin films exhibited a highly preferred c-axis oriented (002) diffraction peak and the peak position is shifted toward a lower angle after embedding CNT into the ZnO matrix. The transmittance slightly decreases after CNT is embedded into the ZnO matrix. Completely wrapped CNT with the ZnO was confirmed by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurement. The resistivity of ZnO decreased from 2.02 × 10−2 to 5.61 × 10−3 Ω-cm and mobility increased from 4.30 to 15.24 cm2/V-s after adding CNT into the ZnO matrix. CNT composite ZnO thin film surface is found to be hydrophobic, providing good interfacial contact with the BHJ layer resulting to improve fill factor (FF) of IOSC. The performance of IOSC with CNT composite ZnO ETL layer was significantly improved with a power conversion efficiency of 6.76%, open circuit voltage (VOC) of 700 mV, short circuit current density (JSC) of 20.05 mA/cm2 and FF of 48.17%, respectively.

Facile synthesis and characterization of ZnO:Al/ZnS/NiO heterojunction thin films with enhanced photocatalytic activities

This study covers a physical investigation of ZnO:Al/ZnS/NiO heterojunction thin films and their photocatalytic activities. The obtained samples were analyzed using XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDS, AFM, and UV–vis spectroscopy. The XRD and FTIR results confirmed that the nanocrystalline ZnO, ZnS, and NiO phases were successfully prepared. SEM morphological analysis of the multilayer film indicated that depositing different nanocrystalline layers above one another could deteriorate the adherence of the upper layer. In addition, AFM shows acceptable surface roughness for application as a photocatalyst. Optical analysis revealed that the ZnO:Al/ZnS/NiO multilayer film exhibited an average transmittance of 65%. The Eg value of the ZnO:Al monolayer of 3.26 eV is decreased to 3.15 eV after Al–ZnO/ZnS coupling, whereas ZnO:Al/ZnS/NiO exhibits an additional absorption value of 3.52 eV due to the NiO layer. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO:Al/ZnS/NiO under visible light exhibited an approximately 96% photodegradation efficiency against methylene blue after only 50 min. However, under sunlight, the degradation rates reached 90, 85, and 65% for methylene blue, crystal violet, and Congo red, respectively, in 90 min. This study shows that a synthesized ZnO:Al/ZnS/NiO heterojunction multilayer photocatalyst can efficiently degrade organic pollutants.

Preparation and Characterization of ZnO NWs/Graphene Nanocomposite as an Effective Photoanode Electrode for Improving the Performance of the Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

In the present study, DSSCs were fabricated using pure ZnO NWs and ZnO NWs/Graphene nanocomposite as photoelectrodes. Graphene was incorporated into pure ZnO NWs through a cost-effective Hydrothermal Process to act as an electrical charge carrier. J-V curve of prepared nanocomposite was recorded with a light intensity of 100 mW.cm-2. The created nanocomposites were thoroughly investigated by using different electrical and structural characterization techniques such as SEM, XRD, and J-V characteristics. According to SEM examination, the ZnO NWs/graphene composite-based electrode has more porosity than the electrode made using pure ZnO NWs, which will increase the surface area and the amount of dye that can be absorbed. From the graphene advantages the reduced internal resistance and electron recombination loss, these properties allow electrons to transfer to the collection electrode efficiently. Based on these benefits, the ZnO NWs/Graphene nanocomposite photoanode with thickness of 965.11 nm that was used in the DSSC2 was demonstrated a Jsc of 19.50 mA.cm-2 and conversion efficiency of 9.829053%, which opposite to the result of the DSSC1 without graphene. These results can be encouraged for future improved optoelectronic devices.

Characterization of ZnO, Ga-Doped ZnO, and Nd-Ga-Doped ZnO Thin Films Synthesized by Radiofrequency Magnetron Sputtering

Here is described the influence of deposition parameters of ZnO thin films doped with Ga and co-doped with (Ga + Nd) upon the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties. The transparent conductive thin films were fabricated by radiofrequency (RF) magnetron sputtering using a power of 100 W and a deposition distance of 6 cm. The deposition was performed on glass substrates heated at 150 °C with a time deposition of 90 min. The influence of doping upon the structure of thin films was analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD). Optical transmission measurements showed an 85% transparency in the visible range for the undoped ZnO films and the transparency of these films decreased when the dopants were added. Micro-structural analysis obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM) evidenced that the type of doping modify the microstructure of thin films. Raman and resistivity measurements emphasize the successful incorporation of dopants into the ZnO host material.

Characterization of ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles and their antimicrobial activity

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are commonly used in optoelectronic device, pharmaceuticals, food, textile, energy, rubber, electrical engineering, and agriculture applications. This study aimed to study the effect of Mn doping on the physical traits and the antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs. Five Mn-doped ZnO NPs samples were prepared and characterized with a varied Mn content ranging from 0.01 to 0.09. A low-cost and suitable method for synthesizing Mn-doped ZnO NPs with a semispherical shape is presented without using a surfactant. The antimicrobial activity of the given NPs was determined against pathogenic microorganisms, including Gram-positive bacteria (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), Gram-negative bacteria (i.e., Escherichia coli), and fungi (i.e., Candida albicans). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the well diffusion method, minimum lethal concentrations (MLC) determination, and microbial cell viability assay. X-ray diffraction results confirm that the samples have a single-phase wurtzite structure, where the crystal size decreases with an increasing dopant concentration. This decrease occurs due to the small ionic radius of Mn ions compared to Zn ions. The morphology on the surface shows further that the samples had a spherical shape with an average particle size of 40 nm. The optical bandgap of ZnO NPs decreases with Mn doping, which is attributed to the s–d and p interaction. All tested NPs displayed a higher antimicrobial activity with better efficiency in the case of Mn-doped ZnO NPs compared to standard antibiotics (i.e., cytisoside, fluconazole, and ampicillin). The MLC of ZnO NPs was 160 μg/mL for all tested microorganisms. The best MLC was 40 μg/mL of Zn0.93Mn0.07O, Zn0.95Mn0.05O, and Zn0.91Mn0.09O for E. coli, B. subtilis, and C. albicans, respectively. Compared to ZnO NPs, no better effect on MLC was found against Staphylococcus aureus. It is concluded that Mn doping enhanced the antimicrobial activity of Zn1−xMnxO NPs, which could be used as a more efficient antibacterial and antifungal agent compared to pure ZnO NPs.

Green Production and Interaction of Carboxylated CNTs/Biogenic ZnO Composite for Antibacterial Activity

Using biomolecule-rich plant extracts, the conversion of metal ions to metal oxide nanoparticles via abiogenic approach is highly intriguing, environmentally friendly, and quick. The inherent inclination of plant extracts function as capping agents in the insitu synthesis. In this study, biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO−NPs) were synthesized using an aqueous leaf extract from Moringaoleifera. The ZnO−NPs were then mixed with carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to create a carboxylated CNTs/biogenic ZnO composite using asol–gel method. The CNTs/ZnO composite displayed 18 mm, 16 mm, and 17 mm zones of inhibition (ZOI) against Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, respectively. In contrast with ZnO−NPs, the produced carboxylated CNTs/ZnO composite demonstrated a 13 percent elevation in ZOI as antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus ATCC 19659, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The characterization of ZnO−NPs and the carboxylated CNTs/ZnO composite were performed via FTIR, UV/Vis spectroscopy, SEM, and XRD. The XRD pattern depicted a nano−sized crystalline structure (Wurtzite) of ZnO−NPs and a carboxylated CNTs/ZnO composite. The current work comprehends a valuable green technique for killing pathogenic bacteria, and gives fresh insights into the manufacture of metal oxide composites for future research.

SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI SIFAT FISIK DAN KIMIA KATALIS BENTONIT-ZnO

The use of bentonite clay as a catalyst has been reported by many studies. The catalytic activity of clays is generally not very high. Therefore, the clay must be modified before use. Synthesis and characterization of ZnO (Bentonite-ZnO) modified clay was carried out. This study aimed to determine the physical and chemical properties of modified Bentonite with ZnO. Bentonite was dipped first and then intercalated with ZnO which was expected to form pillars. The synthesized Bentonite-ZnO was characterized according to the benefits of Bentonite-ZnO as a catalyst using X-Ray Diffraction, SEM-EDS, FTIR, surface area using Methylene Blue adsorption method, and surface acid sites using an acid-base titration method. The characterization results showed that the intercalation of ZnO into bentonite did not increase the distance between layers, the catalyst became more homogeneous and there was an increase in the number of Zn elements, the appearance of absorption bands in the 3600; 1600 – 1650; 2900-2850 and 450 cm-1 regions which identified the functional group characteristics of Bentonite-ZnO and surface area and acid sites of 46.357 m2/g and 5.887 x 1022 sites/g, respectively.
 Keywords: bentonite, catalyst, characterization, pillared, ZnO.

The effect of orange peel waste addition on ZnO characteristics and its ability to degrade methyl orange

The development of the textile industry in Indonesia is rapid. It cause serious environmental problems because the dyes used in the textile industry are synthetic that is azo dyes. Azo dyes are non-biodegradable substances that pollute the environment if not processed. One of the azo dyes that is often used in the textile industry is Methyl Orange. Photodegradation is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly method of removing synthetic dyes. This study will discuss the effect of adding orange peel on the characterization of ZnO and the ability to degrade Methyl Orange. The results of the FTIR spectra showed an absorption in the area of 1430-1455 cm-1 that means the orange peel had been impregnated into ZnO and the more ZnO as added on orange peel, it may reduce the number of -OH and CH groups of the ZnO/OP composite. Based on the results of characterization using XRD, it is known that the addition of orange peel into ZnO did not damage the crystal structure and crystal form. The crystal structure of ZnO/OP formed was wurtzite with a hexagonal shape. The results of the characterization using DR-UV showed that the band gap energy of ZnO/OP was smaller than ZnO and the more ZnO was added, the wider the band gap of energy. ZnO/OP with a variation of 1:25 can degrade Methyl Orange more than ZnO that was 73% in 60 minutes.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ОПТИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ТОНКИХ СЛОЕВ ОКСИДА ЦИНКА ZnO, ПОЛУЧЕННЫХ ЗОЛЬ-ГЕЛЬ МЕТОДОМ

Currently, the actual direction is the search for functional layers for various optoelectronicdevices. A promising candidate as a basis for many such structures is zinc oxide (ZnO), whichcombines a number of unique optical and photoelectric properties. However, the characteristics ofZnO thin films can vary significantly depending on the chosen synthesis method and specific productionconditions. One of the varieties of the sol-gel method suitable for the synthesis ofnanoscale films is the dip-coating method. The paper presents the results of the synthesis of thinfilms of zinc oxide on glass substrates by the method of vertical drawing from ZnO alcohol sol.The effect of the elongation rate on the structural and optical properties of synthesized ZnO filmswas studied using spectral ellipsometry and spectral photometry. By the method of spectralellipsometry, it was found that the change in the rate of elongation significantly affects the thicknessand porosity of the synthesized zinc oxide layers. The analysis of the obtained dependence ofthe film thickness on the pulling speed showed that in the vertical pulling method, the growth ofzinc oxide on glass substrates can be realized in two modes: in capillary forces mode and in dryingmode. At the same time, transmission spectra were measured for synthesized ZnO films byspectral photometry, the analysis of which showed the effect of the elongation rate on the positionof the edge of fundamental absorption. It was found that the main cause of the resulting.

Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO and MgO Nanoparticles through Green Approach and Their Antioxidant Properties

The present work focus on the synthesis and structural characterization of ZnO and MgO Nanoparticles using geranium leaves extract as reducing agent through green approach. The prepared ZnO and MgO Nanoparticles were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).The elemental composition of ZnO and MgO Nanoparticles were investigated using Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). Based on the XRD data, the ZnO and MgO particles were measured to be 64 and 42 nanometers in size, respectively. The DPPH method was used to further test the antioxidant property of the synthesized Nanoparticles. MgO and ZnO were both found to be excellent free radical scavengers, as measured by their DPPH scavenging activities. The antioxidant property of MgO is enhanced when compared to ZnO nanoparticles.

Biosynthesis and Characterization of ZnO: Ag2O Nanocomposite for Antifungal Efficacy

In this study, biosynthesis zinc and silver oxide nanocomposite (Bs-ZANc) were prepared using an eco-friendly biological synthesis method using silver nitrate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, and Lawsonia inermis (Henna) plant extract with four different concentrations; (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) molar. The detailed characterization of Bs-ZANc was performed using Grazing X-ray diffraction technique (G-XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), Zeta Potential (Z.P.), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). In addition to studying the spectroscopic properties using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The result showed good inhibitory efficiency of Bs-ZANc against some types of fungal such as; Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp., and Candida Albicans. Further, a comparison was made between Bs-ZANc and Lawsonia inermis (Henna) plant extract only regarding antfungal efficacy.

Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO(MgO)-CaO-SiO2-P2O5 Bioglass Obtained by Sol-Gel Method in Presence of Surfactant Agent

Bioglass (BG) is a class of biomaterials increasingly approached in biomedical applications, such as in regeneration of hard tissues, due to the properties of bioactivity, osteoinductivity, osteoconductivity, but also the high rate of biodegradation, both in vitro and in vivo. The present paper addresses the obtaining of bioglasses from the ZnO(MgO)-CaO-SiO2-P2O5 system by the sol-gel method and the use of a surfactant to ensure a specific surface or high open porosity, starting from S53P4 bioglass (53% SiO2, 23% Na2O, 20% CaO, 4% P2O5), also known as BoneAlive®. The precursor powders were analyzed from the phase composition point of view by complex thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction, the vitreous powders were assessed from the compositional point of view by X-ray diffraction, morpho-structural by scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area and the pore size dimension by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, dispersion by laser granulometry, and also cell biology and surface mineralization tests were performed by immersion in SBF (simulated body fluid). The system proposed in this paper ZnO(MgO)-CaO-SiO2-P2O5 was successfully obtained by sol-gel method. The results showed the higher interaction between the samples and the SBF medium for samples containing magnesium (M2) and the lowest degree of mineralization after immersion in SBF was noticed for samples containing zinc (M1). The results also prove that by incorporating different ionic species in bioglass composition—Zn2+ and Mg2+, biocompatibility and antibacterial properties will be significantly enhanced.

Facile synthesis and characterization of ZnO, ZnO:Co, and ZnO/ZnO:Co nano rod-like homojunction thin films: Role of crystallite/grain size and microstrain in photocatalytic performance

Herein, to investigate the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV light irradiation and the photocatalytic activity of chemically derived ZnO, ZnO: Co 5% nano rod-like thin films and ZnO/ZnO: Co 5% homojunction, the role of grain size and microstrain on their structural, optical, electrical and photocatalytic properties were studied. Hexagonal wurtzite structure, the doping of Co2+ into ZnO host lattice, reduced crystallite/grain size, and enhanced microstrain have been confirmed by structural and morphological analysis. The presence and the atomic content of Zn/Zn2+, Co/Co2+, O/O2- elements, and ions have been confirmed by EDS and XPS measurements. The n/p-type conductivity in nano rod-like film and p-n bilayers have been verified by Hall and I-V characterizations. The PL analysis showed that the decreased luminescence intensity and the formation of defect/trapping centers by Co2+ doping and formation of p-n homojunction as crystallite/grain size decreased while microstrain increased. With 5% Co-doping and the emergence of p-n homojunction, the photocatalytic efficiency (ղ %) was reduced compared with parent ZnO photocatalyst, while the crystallite/grain size decreases and microstrain enhances. The decreased ղ % was attributed to the reduced crystallite/grain size, increment of microstrain, and the generation of defects/trapping centers via 5% Co-doing and formation of ZnO/ZnO:Co 5% nano rod-like homojunction. These results demonstrate that the fabrication of p-n homojunction will not always result in an enhanced ղ % even if it puts down the recombination of light-induced charge transporters.

Seed-mediated synthesis and characterization of ZnO@γ-Fe2O3 nanospheres: Building up the core-shell model

This work presents a simple and fast seed-mediated synthesis of ZnO@γ-Fe2O3 nanospheres with structural and optical characterization. A sequential growth of ZnFe2O4 and γ-Fe2O3 components on preformed ZnO seeds was achieved by a sol–gel route. The High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) disclosed the morphology, particle size and confirmed the core-shell structure of the nanospheres. Qualitative X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) asserted the presence of O2–, Zn2+ and Fe3+ ions. The complementarity of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) studies were used for the structural characterization and building up the core-shell model. The UV–Vis and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies were used for optical characterization. The consistency of the bandgap (Eg) values obtained with both techniques assures the obtained results.