Characterization Of Sodium Alginate Research Articles

Development and characterization of sodium alginate and β-cyclodextrin nanoemulsions encapsulating betel leaf (Piper betle L.) extract for enhanced antimicrobial efficacy against foodborne pathogen

This study aims to investigate the physical stability, droplet size, zeta potential, and antimicrobial properties of nanoemulsions formulated with betel leaf extract using β-cyclodextrin (CD) and sodium alginate (SA) biopolymers. Nanoemulsions with β-cyclodextrin exhibit superior stability at lower temperatures, with limited droplet size, and strong electrostatic repulsion. Morphological images demonstrate the successful encapsulation of betel leaf extract within both biopolymers, highlighting their potential for antimicrobial applications. Both CD and SA nanoemulsions display inhibitory effects on bacterial strains (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, and B. cereus) and fungal growth (A. brasiliensis, R. stolonifer, F. oxysporum, and C. albicans). SA nanoemulsions show higher antimicrobial activity due to H+ ion release, particularly against A. brasiliensis and C. albicans. These findings underscore the potential of betel leaf extract nanoemulsions, especially those with SA, for various antimicrobial applications for sustainable food packaging, highlighting their significance in addressing microbial challenges.

Physicochemical properties of sodium alginate from brown algae Sargassum aquifolium and Sargassum cinereum

Synthesis and characterization of sodium alginate from Sargassum aquifolium dan Sargassum cinereum have been successfully performed. S. aquifolium and S. cinereum were collected from the Dompu Islands, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Extraction was performed by acid pathway, due to cell disruption and the addition of Na2CO3 for extraction. The addition of HCl was to convert acid alginate into alginate, then transformed acid alginate into sodium alginate using NaOH. NaOCl and IPA were used for purification. Physicochemical properties were characterized using SEM-EDS, FTIR, and TG/DTG. The morphological structure of synthetic sodium alginate shows layer structure and fiber fibrils. Sodium alginate contained C, O, Na, and Cl elements. FTIR spectrum indicated the presence of functional groups at the following wavelengths: OH at 3343 cm−1, CH2 at 2915 cm−1, CO double bonds at 1614 cm−1, and fingerprint indicated by the presence of uronic acid, which functioned as the CH group stretched at 935 cm−1. The sodium alginate sample shows a three-step thermal degradation pattern. The first step was starting at 41.7 °C associated with dehydration and was followed by 206.4 and 241 °C associated with decomposition. TGA/DTG results showed a reduction in thermal stability at 250–300 °C. It is suitable for modification and application.

Synthesis and characterization of conducting polymer/alginate composite hydrogels: Effect of conducting polymer loading on the release behaviour of metformin drug

The present study reports synthesis and characterization of sodium alginate (Na-ALG) based composite hydrogels using polyaniline (PANI), poly(o-phenylenediamine) (POPD), poly(1-naphthylamine) (PNA), and poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). The synthesised hydrogels were investigated for their spectral, morphological and rheological properties. Metformin hydrochloride (MFH) was chosen as a model drug to study the release profiles using intestinal fluid pH of 7.4. Approximately 99 % drug release was attained for POPD/Na-ALG at 37 °C over a period of 12 h. Release kinetics was confirmed by employing the zero-order, first-order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. It was found that almost all composite hydrogels followed the zero order and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. The incorporation of conducting polymers as crosslinking agents was found to have a significant impact on the release behaviour and this property could be utilised to optimise and control the release of metformin hydrochloride as per desirable dosages.

Extraction and characterization of sodium alginate from three brown algae collected from Sanur Coastal Waters, Bali as biopolymer agent

Abstract. Permatasari AAAP, Rosiana IW, Wiradana PA, Lestari MD, Widiastuti NK, Kurniawan SB, Widhiantara IG. 2022. Extraction and characterization of sodium alginate from three brown algae collected from Sanur Coastal Waters, Bali as biopolymer agent. Biodiversitas 23: 1655-1663. Sodium alginate extracted algae are gaining attention as alternative biopolymer materials. This research aimed to extract and characterize the natrium alginate from three brown algae obtained from Sanur Beach, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Alginate extraction was carried out using acid hydrolysis by Na2CO3 with further purification using isopropyl alcohol. Physicochemical characterization was carried out using FT-IR. The results showed that Sargassum aquifolium and Turbinaria ornata had higher yields (%) than Padina australis (P<0.05). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in water content, protein content, fat content and pH of the three brown algae. Overall, these three types of brown algae have values ??that are close to the sodium alginate standard set by the Food Chemical Codex (FCC), except for the results of Padina australis in the yield parameter. The functional group Na which is characteristic of sodium alginate is present in all alginate isomers, but there are some functional groups that are still not available in the extraction process in this study based on FT-IR analysis. These findings indicate that sodium alginate extracts from various types of brown algae have specific characteristics as defined by the Food Chemical Codex (FCC) and show great potential to be used as biopolymer materials, especially in the biomedical field.

Fabrication and Characterization of Alginate/Iron (III) Oxide Beads and Biofilm for Biomedical Applications

This research study focused on the fabrication and characterization of sodium alginate incorporated with iron (III) oxide in the form of beads and biofilm for biomedical application. The fabrication of the samples was carried out by using solution casting method and syringe pump extrusion technique. Beads and biofilm of sodium alginate incorporated with iron oxide were characterized by several characterization testing such as XRD, FTIR and contact angle measurement. From the XRD testing shows the diffraction peak that confirmed the cubic structure of Maghemite. Then, FTIR analysis shows the presence of several intermolecular and intramolecular bond stretching of sodium alginate. Lastly, contact angle measurement exhibits that alginate incorporated with iron oxide has hydrophilic behavior due to the contact angle less than 90Also, it was found that as the contact angle reduced as the weight of iron oxide increased.

Development and characterization of sodium alginate/bifidobacterium probiotic biohybrid material used in tissue engineering

Abstract“Mechanical properties” are crucial for biodegradable and/or non‐biodegradable materials used in tissue engineering applications. In this study, bio‐hybrid films were produced by using both Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB‐12 probiotic strain and Bifidobacterium infantis in combination with sodium alginate (SA), which demonstrates biocompatibility and facilitated gelation properties. Bio‐hybrid films were characterized by using different methods. Based on the spectroscopic and mechanical analysis, it was found that mechanical strength increased in films produced by adding Bifidobacterium infantis in SA while this increase was relatively lower as compared to those containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB‐12 as cross‐linking ratio increases. Besides, bacteria contained in bio‐hybrid films increased the percentage of amorphous zone of SA in SA/bacteria films, which reduced the crystallinity ratio. This indicated that crystalline chains contained in the structure of SA are degraded by bacteria.

Preparation and Characterization of Sodium Alginate- Eudragit E100 Based Systems with Prospective Pharmaceutical Delivery to Application

Regarding the preparation of a local drug delivery system, the possibility of incorporating an active substance in a matrix system was investigated to prolong the drug release. A complex between sodium alginate and a triple copolymer of dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate was prepared in the presence of a cross-linking agent- malic acid. The formation of a polyelectrolyte complex was proven by turbidimetry, determining the specific viscosity of the diluted solutions of sodium alginate, EE 100, malic acid with IR spectroscopy.

Characterization of sodium alginate extracted from brown seaweeds growing on Veraval coast, Gujarat

Marine environment is a major potential source of functional materials, including polysaccharides, vitamins, enzymes, oils, antioxidants and peptides. All these materials are extracted from different marine living organisms including microbes, plants and animals. Among these seaweeds or marine macroalgae are one of the important sources and they are a part of staple diet from time immemorial in the orient as they are nutritionally rich materials. Those species that adapted to these pressures will expand their living boundaries and higher potential of row material availability in industry like pharmaceutical market, textile, fertilizer and for animal and human consumption. The present study concerns about the specific brown seaweeds, which is suitable material for alginate and growing abundantly at seacoast of Gujarat. Out of many species of seaweeds growing on the coastline of Veraval, four species viz., Sargassum tenerrimum, Dictyota dichotoma, Spathoglossum asperum, Iyengaria stellata were selected for alginate extraction. The focus of this study is to utilize natural resources as alternatives and sustainability of human health to use sodium alginate as novel polymer and which is also biodegradable. It may be associated to other biologically active molecules and has a wide range of physicochemical and biochemical properties. Because of amazing properties, alginate and its salts are used in drug delivery system.

Design and Characterization of Sodium Alginate and Poly(vinyl) Alcohol Hydrogels for Enhanced Skin Delivery of Quercetin.

Nature has led to the discovery of biopolymers with noteworthy pharmaceutical applications. Blended biopolymers have demonstrated promising characteristics when compared with their individual counterparts. Sodium alginate (SA) is a marine polymer that has demonstrated the ability to form hydrogels, an interesting property for the development of cutaneous formulations. Predicting the good performance of blended biopolymers, a novel series of hybrid hydrogels based on SA and poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) were prepared. Quercetin, a natural polyphenolic flavonoid commonly found in fruits and vegetables, is widely known for its strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, thus with potential applications against melanoma, dermatitis, psoriasis, and skin ageing. Here, hydrogels were produced at different ratios of SA and PVA. The surface morphology, structure, interaction of polymers, the capacity to absorb water and the entrapment efficiency of quercetin were evaluated for the blended hydrogels. Targeting the cutaneous application of the formulations, the rheological properties of all unloaded and quercetin-loaded hydrogels revealed pseudoplastic behavior, evidence of non-thixotropy, good resistance to deformation, and profile maintenance with temperatures ranging from 20 °C up to 40 °C. The incorporation of quercetin in the hydrogel retained its antioxidant activity, confirmed by radical scavenging assays (ABTS and DPPH). The permeability of quercetin through the skin showed different penetration/permeation profiles according to the hydrogel’s blend. This behavior will allow the selection of SA-PVA at 2/1 ratio for a local and prolonged skin effect, making the use of these hydrogels a good solution to consider for the treatment of skin ageing and inflammation.

Preparation and Characterization of Sodium Alginate and Polyquaternium‐10 Hollow Microcapsules by a Layer‐by‐Layer Self‐Assembly Technique

AbstractNovel micro‐scaled hollow capsules were obtained by consecutively adsorbing oppositely‐charged polyelectrolytes of sodium alginate (ALG) and polyquaternium‐10 (PQ‐10) on biocompatible porous calcium carbonate (CaCO3) microspheres, followed by the subsequent removal of the CaCO3 template using acetic acid. The properties of the microcapsules were characterized at various stages of the preparation procedure by using a zeta potential analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The results demonstrated that ALG and PQ‐10 were successfully assembled on the surface of the CaCO3 microspheres, and the resulting hollow microcapsules exhibited spherical morphology with typical folds by SEM observations. Furthermore, TEM observations indicated that the average thickness of the monolayer film was ∼1–2 nm, and CLSM results revealed that the microcapsules possessed selective permeability for different charged molecules.

Characterization of sodium alginate containing bioactive glass coatings prepared by sol–gel processing

In this study, bioactive glass material containing sodium alginate was coated on the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy by the sol–gel method, and its bioactive property was investigated. The aim of the study is to make the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy bioactive with the help of the coating layer. For this purpose, polymeric coating functional new material with bioactive glass layer was formed. Combination of triethyl phosphate tetraethoxysilane, and calcium nitrate was used as phosphate, silica, and calcium sources to form the sol structure. Also, by adding polyvinylpyrrolidone to the bioactive glass coating solution, the rheological properties of the solution were optimized, which is an important factor in the formation of a homogeneous coating surface. Bioactive glasses were coated on the Ti6Al4V surface and then heat treatment was applied to the samples at the optimum temperature of 200 °C for half an hour. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) devices were used to identify the phases formed and detect the functional groups. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, XRD, and FTIR analysis methods were used to determine the in vitro bioactive property of the heat-treated samples at 200 °C before and after contact with simulated body fluid. The transmission electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, and simultaneous thermal analysis methods were also used to characterize the coating materials. Providing the desired bioactivity together with the lower heat treatment temperature has added superiority to the formed original coatings.

New extraction technology and characterization of sodium alginate

In this paper, the experiment was based on the principle of producing sodium carbonate by the combined alkali method, simulating seawater to absorb carbon dioxide in the air, and producing an alkaline extract solution. The effect of the extract on the extraction rate of sodium alginate was studied and then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and TGA. The viscosity and average molecular weight of sodium alginate were measured by viscometer.

Spectroscopic and Electrical Properties of Sodium Alginate/TiO2-Carbon Nanotube Composite

This work describes the preparation and characterization of Sodium Alginate (NaAlg) treated with Titanium dioxide (TiO2)-Carbon nanotube(CNT). The morphology of composites was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) showing the CNT coated with NaAlg and the TiO2 dispersed in the NaAlg matrix. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was applied for characterization of NaAlg composite with TiO2/CNT, the whole alginate presented bands in the region of 948-780 cm-1. The structure characteristics and surface properties of the samples were characterized by Electrical Conductivity that was measured in the range of (42 Hz-1 MHz). The study concluded that the introduction of TiO2/CNT resulted in improvement in electrical conductivity of the NaALg matrix.

Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Alginate Stabilized Nano-ZnO Impregnated into Bentonite Clay

Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Alginate Stabilized Nano-ZnO Impregnated into Bentonite Clay

Extraction and characterization of sodium alginate from Moroccan Laminaria digitata brown seaweed

Sodium alginate from Moroccan Laminaria digitata brown seaweed were extracted under different conditions. The extraction yield was affected by the extraction temperature and the samples’ size. Alginates were purified by re-precipitation with ethanol and characterized by 1H NMR, fluorescence spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy, in order to determine their structural and physicochemical properties.Viscosimetric measurements gave an intrinsic viscosity of 2.542dL/g which permits to calculate the average molar mass value (1.14×105g/mol). By analyzing 1H NMR spectra, Moroccan L. digitata alginates showed a high quantity of both homopolymeric mannoronic and guluronic blocks (FMM=0.47) and (FGG=0.41) respectively, while the alternating block fractions (FMG=0.06 and FGM=0.06) showed low values than those previously described in the literature. The M/G ratio value is 1.12 allowing the preparation of alginates suitable to form soft and elastic gels more than brittle ones. The characteristics obtained for Moroccan Laminaria digitata may be useful to obtain polyelectrolyte complexes for the production of drug delivery micro- and nanoparticles. In some cases, a charged polysaccharide with low viscosity is needed.

Isolation and characterization of sodium alginate from brown algae Sargassum sp. for making tenggiri (Scomberomorus commerson) meatballs

Wardani WD, Kawiji, Manuhara GJ. 2009. Isolation and characterization of sodium alginate from brown algae Sargassum sp. for making tenggiri (Scomberomorus commerson) meatballs. Biofarmasi 7: 59-67. Brown algae Sargassum sp. widespread in territorial of Indonesia. Sargassum sp. can be extracted for the yield compound of sodium alginate that can be applied in making the tenggiri meatballs to take care the emulsion stability and to repair the properties of rheology. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor that was a variation of sodium alginate addition, i.e. F1 (0% alginate), F2 (0.25% alginate), F3 (0.5% alginate), F4 (0.75% alginate) and F5 (0.5% STPP). The result of research showed the characteristics of sodium alginate of seaweeds Sargassum sp. from the extraction result included: water rate [5.94% (wb)]; ash rate [19.62% (wb) and 20.86% (db)]; the pH value of condensation of sodium alginate 0.1% (9.07), the pH value of condensation of sodium alginate 0.2% (9.07), the pH value of condensation of sodium alginate 0.3% (9.06), water absorption (214.44%), and rendement (31.62%). The addition of sodium alginate in the making tenggiri meatballs improved the hardness and elasticity of meatballs. The highest hardness level of tenggiri meatballs was formula F4 (0.75% alginate) and the highest elasticity level of tenggiri meatballs was with an addition of sodium alginate formula F4. The result of organoleptic test indicated that an addition of sodium alginate tends to improve panelist pleasure to color, flavor, taste, elasticity and hardness of tenggiri meatballs. The tenggiri meatballs formula F4 represented the formula which the most liked by the panelists. The chemical characteristic of tenggiri meatballs formula F4 including: water rate (74.61%), ash rate (1.66%), protein rate (14.53%), fat rate (0.93%) and carbohydrate rate (8.26%).

Characterization of sodium alginate and its block fractions by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy

AbstractThe surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of sodium alginates and their hetero‐ and homopolymeric fractions obtained from four seaweeds of the Chilean coast was studied. Alginic acid is a copolymer of β‐D‐mannuronic acid (M) and α‐L guluronic acid (G), linked 1 → 4, forming two homopolymeric fractions (MM and GG) and a heteropolymeric fraction (MG). The SERS spectra were registered on silver colloid with the 632.8 nm line of a HeNe laser. The SERS spectra of sodium alginate and the polyguluronate fraction present various carboxylate bands which are probably due to the coexistence of different molecular conformations. SERS allows to differentiate the hetero‐ and homopolymeric fractions of alginic acid by characteristic bands. In the fingerprint region, all the poly‐D‐mannuronate samples present a band around 946 cm−1 assigned to CO stretching, and CCH and COH deformation vibrations, a band at 863 cm−1 assigned to deformation vibration of β‐C1H group, and one at 799–788 cm−1 due to the contributions of various vibration modes. Poly‐L‐guluronate spectra show three characteristic bands, at 928–913 cm−1 assigned to symmetric stretching vibration of COC group, at 890–889 cm−1 due to CCH, skeletal CC, and CO vibrations, and at 797 cm−1 assigned to α C1H deformation vibration. The heteropolymeric fractions present two characteristic bands in the region with the more important one being an intense band at 730 cm−1 due to ring breathing vibration mode. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Characterization of sodium alginate and poly(vinyl alcohol) blend membranes in pervaporation separation

By blending a rigid polymer, sodium alginate (SA), and a flexible polymer, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), SA/PVA blend membranes were prepared for the pervaporation separation of ethanol–water mixtures. The rigid SA membrane showed a serious decline in flux and a increase in separation factor due to the relaxation of polymeric chains, whereas the flexible PVA membrane kept consistent membrane performance during pervaporation. Compared with the nascent SA membrane, all of the blend membranes prepared could have an enhanced membrane mobility by which the relaxation during pervaporation operation could be reduced. From the pervaporation separation of the ethanol–water mixtures along with the temperature range of 50–80°C, the effects of operating temperature and PVA content in membrane were investigated on membrane performance, as well as the extent of the relaxation. The morphology of the blend membrane was observed with PVA content by a scanning electron microscopy. The relaxational phenomena during pervaporation were also elucidated through an analysis on experimental data of membrane performance measured by repeating the operation in the given temperature range. SA/PVA blend membrane with 10 wt % of PVA content was crosslinked with glutaraldehyde to enhance membrane stability in water, and the result of pervaporation separation of an ethanol–water mixture through the membrane was discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 67:949–959, 1998