In ancient novel scholarship, the distinction between the ideal Greek novel and its comic–realistic Latin counterpart has been, and still is, highly influential. It originates with R. Heinze’s thesis that Petronius’ Satyricon develops from a literary genre parodying idealistic features in the Greek novels.1 Despite the contributions of scholars warning against applying this dichotomy too rigidly,2 the distinction remains a commonly accepted tool to classify novelistic literature.3 In this paper I will focus on the characterization of the male protagonist in Chariton’s Callirhoe, the oldest of the so-called ideal novels.4 My reading of this character will suggest that Chariton’s position within the ideal genre should be reassessed, and that consequently the overall distinction between ideal and realistic novels is a generalization that does not take into account the actual complexity of one of the oldest representatives of the genre. The distinction between ideal Greek and realistic Latin novelistic literature is largely informed by the divergent depiction of character in both sub-genres. Whereas the Latin novel adopts realistic and sexually explicit character portrayal, scholars have underlined the idealizing aspects in the characterization of protagonists in the Greek novel. Their beauty invests them with a godlike appearance, and their nobility ( ) generates loftiness of character that sharply distinguishes them from other, less noble, characters in the story.5 Scholars have emphasized the unreal atmosphere surrounding this characterization.6 E. Rohde’s view that the protagonists in the Greek novel are ‘seelenlose Gestalten’ and ‘Gliederpuppen’, invested with a ‘leere und 247
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