Characterization Of Hydroxyapatite Research Articles

Synthesis and characterization of TiNbZrMo medium-entropy bio-composites: Microstructure, mechanical properties, and in vitro degradation.

This study reports the synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite (HA)-based bio-composites reinforced with varying amounts (by weight, 1-15 wt.%) of bio-medium entropy alloy (BioMEA) for load-bearing implant applications. BioMEA powders consisting of Ti, Nb, Zr, and Mo were mechanically alloyed for 100 h and subsequently added to HA using powder metallurgy techniques. To show the effect of BioMEA, the microstructure, density, and mechanical tests have been conducted and the synthesized BioMEA was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), x-ray diffractometer (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. In addition, in vitro degradation behavior and bioactivity analyses of bio-composites have been conducted. XRD analysis revealed the formation of BioMEA after 20 h of mechanical alloying. The highest density value of 2.47 g/cm3 was found in 15 wt.% BioMEA-reinforced bio-composite. The addition of BioMEA reinforcement led to a significant increase in hardness and tensile strength values, with the highest values observed at 15 wt.% reinforcement. Compression tests demonstrated a significant increase in compressive strength and deformation capability of the bio-composites with the highest values observed at 15 wt.% BioMEA addition. The highest toughness of 7.68 kJ/m2 was measured in 10 wt.% MEA-reinforced bio-composites. The produced bio-composite materials have an elastic modulus between 3.5-5.5 GPa, which may provide a solution to the stress shielding problems caused by the high elastic modulus of metallic implant materials. The most severe degradation occurred in 15 wt.% MEA-reinforced bio-composites, and the effect of degradation caused a decrease in Ca and an increase in Ti-Ni-Zr-Mo in all bio-composites. These findings suggest that HA/BioMEA bio-composites have the potential to be developed as advanced biomaterials with moderate mechanical and biological properties for load-bearing implant applications.

Preparation and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite- Chitosan Biocomposites of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. for Bone Regeneration in Osteoporosis

Preparation and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite- Chitosan Biocomposites of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. for Bone Regeneration in Osteoporosis

Characterization of hydroxyapatite from recycled fish scale and its application as a filler in a biodegradable food tray

AbstractFish scale waste can be used as a precursor of hydroxyapatite (HAp). In this work, HAp was extracted from white seabass (Lates calcarifer) scale waste by using an alkali heat treatment. The fish scale was pretreated with hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 M. The pretreated fish scale was then treated with 2% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution at 70°C for 5 h and again (20% NaOH solution) for 1 h to extract HAp. The effects of each pretreatment on the properties of the extracted HAp were investigated. HAp produced after pretreatment with 1 M HCl had the smallest particle size (28.24 ± 5.20 μm), the highest degree of crystallinity (79%), the highest thermal stability, the largest BET surface area (90.80 m2/g), and the highest whiteness value (97.360 ± 0.01). 1 M HCl could eliminate more protein, collagen, and other organic compounds than lower HCl concentrations without destroying the crystalline domains of the fish scale. Waste L. calcarifer scale is therefore a potential source of HAp. Furthermore, in a preliminary study for further research, HAp extracted in the proposed procedure was used as a filler in a biodegradable starch foam.

A review of near infrared spectroscopic features of teeth, bone and artificial hydroxyapatite

Hydroxyapatite is a major component of teeth and bones and is used commercially in metal sequestration. Near infrared imaging and spectroscopy has found increasing use in characterisation of these materials, particularly in context of dental conditions. The near infrared spectra of these materials are reviewed in terms of band assignments related to water in various states, P-OH and organic material, and in terms of light scattering. The effect of factors such as acid and heat on the NIR spectra of bones and teeth is also described. This review is intended to provide a resource for future researchers using NIR spectroscopy in characterisation of hydroxyapatite containing material.

Characterization of Hydroxyapatite From Kupang Shells and Its Synthesis with Polycaprolactone for 3D Printing Filament

Characterization of Hydroxyapatite From Kupang Shells and Its Synthesis with Polycaprolactone for 3D Printing Filament

The Characterization of Hydroxyapatite and Octa-calcium Phosphate with Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy.

The Characterization of Hydroxyapatite and Octa-calcium Phosphate with Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy.

Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite from Polymesoda placans Shell using Wet Precipitation Method

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a bioceramic material that has chemical components similar to bone and teeth. Further development and exploration of calcium sources continued to be done to synthesize HAp. The purpose of this research was to synthesize HAp from the shell of Polymesoda placans using the wet precipitation method. The synthesis used in this study was by reacting calsium hydroxide from the shells and diammonium hydrogen phosphate as a phosphate precursor with the sintering temperatures of 600, 800, 1000, and 1100 oC and pH 9, 10 dan 11. Based on the X-ray diffraction spectrum, the best sintering temperature was 1000 oC with pH of 10-11 because it revealed the highest crystallinity (90.1 %). Functional groups analyzed by Fourier transform infrared showed that there were PO­43-, OH- , and CO32- groups in the HAp. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed uniform granule particles with particle sizes of 0.3-1.6 µm.

Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite from Green Mussel Shell with Sol-Gel Method

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a major component of bones and teeth. HAp is widely used to repair, fill, extend, and reconstruct damaged bone tissue. HAp is used for bone and dental implants, so it is necessary to synthesize HAp. HAp synthesis can utilize green mussel shell waste as a calcium precursor. This research synthesized HAp from a green mussel shell using the sol-gel method. The controlled synthesis parameter was pH, and the variable being compared was the heating temperature at 900 and 1100 °C. The HAp products were characterized by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer, and scanning electron microscope. The results showed that HAp was formed at alkaline pH, namely at pH 11. The XRD pattern showed that Hap was formed along with type A apatite carbonate, octacalcium phosphate, α- and β-tricalcium phosphate. The crystallinity was increased by raising the temperature and prolonging the heating time. The quality of HAp will improve with increasing crystallinity, and increasing the temperature will also raise the amount of HAp formed.

Characterization of hydroxyapatite by cytotoxicity test and bending test

Hydroxyapatite has been synthesized as a bone graft material by analyzing the membrane made according to the cytotoxicity test and bending test. The method used is dry ball milling. Cytotoxicity testing was carried out by making isolated osteoblast cells cultured in a 75 cm2 cell flask containing a minimum of essential media. Based on the cytotoxicity test, it was found that hydroxyapatite is not toxic with cell viability above 60% (non-toxic requirements ISO 10993-5). From the variation of the hydroxyapatite mixture used, the average cell viability was (100.48 ± 11.98)%. A mixture of 2.5% Ag and 5% Ag with hydroxyapatite also provides good viability, which is above 60%, which means it is not toxic. The results of the analysis of the bending test and the compressive test showed that the larger the hydroxyapatite mixture, the lower the bending and compressive test results. The maximum bending test on a 10% mixture is 22.1 M.Pa and the compressive test on a 5% mixture is 16 °ShD.

In vitro characterization of hydroxyapatite and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles compounds and their biocompatibility in vivo

Bioactive materials in combination with antibiotics have been widely developed for the treatment of bone infection. Thus, this work aims to characterize six biomaterials formulated with different concentrations of hydroxyapatite and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles, in addition to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the antibiotic diffusion test on agar. Furthermore, in vivo biocompatibility and the reabsorption process of these materials were analyzed. XRD showed that both hydroxyapatite and cobalt ferrite present high crystallinity. The photomicrographs obtained by SEM revealed that composites have a complex surface, evidenced by the irregular arrangement of the hydroxyapatite and cobalt ferrite granules, besides demonstrating the interaction between their components. The antibiotic-diffusion test showed that all biomaterials produced an inhibition halo in Staphylococcus aureus cultures. For the biocompatibility study, composites were surgically implanted in the dorsal region of rabbits. At 15, 30, 70, and 100 days, biopsies of the implanted regions were performed. The biomaterials were easily identified during histological analysis and no significant inflammatory process, nor histological signs of toxicity or rejection by the adjacent tissue were observed. We can conclude that the biomaterials analyzed are biocompatible, degradable, and effective in inhibiting the in vitro growth of Staphylococcus aureus.Graphical abstract

Manufacture And Characterization Of Hydroxyapatite From Quail Eggshell Using Precipitation Methods

Abstract — Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a biomaterial used to treat bone defects. The utilization of HA in medicine is currently significantly increased this is because HA has high biocompatibility properties when used as a bone graft. Various kinds of bone grafts from HA are currently available in the market. However, its use is often bumped at a high price and is an imported product. This will ultimately increase the burden of financing that must be borne by hospitals and the government . HA sources can be obtained through extraction from natural products, such as eggshells. The purpose of this study was the creation and characterization of hydroxyapatite from quail egg shells using precipitation methods. The research stage consists of 4 stages, Stage 1 is the calcination of quail egg shells so that CaO compounds are obtained. Stage 2 is the synthesis of HA compounds from CaO compounds produced in the previous stage using wet precipitation or deposition methods. Stage 3 is sintering HA compounds produced in the previous stage using a furnace for five hours at a temperature of 900 o C. Stage 4 is the characterization of the HA compounds produced. The characterization is done using XRD and SEM. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu Efisiensi dari senyawa HA yang dihasilkan sebesar 52,34%. Based on the characterization carried out using XRD it was obtained that the HA compound was successfully synthesized this is characterized by the peak of the quail eggshell difaktogram that is the same as the peak of the standard HA difractogram which is found at an angle of 2θ: 26.00 o C, 31.90 o C, 32.31 o C, 33.02 o C, 34.19 o C, 46.81 o C, 49.59 o C with the crystal phase and the size of the lattice parameters, namely the lattice a = b = 9.4234 A and c = 6.8801 A. But in addition to the peak of HA there are also other peaks that show the existence of the impurities phase at 2θ : 10.01°, 21.85°, and 53.01°. Based on SEM characterization found that the size of the resulting HA particles is not homogeneous, meaning that there is a difference in the smallest particles with a size of 1,497 μm and there are the largest particles with a size of 60.98 μm. If observed the shape of a single particle tends to be round (Shperical). Thus it was concluded that the manufacture and characterization of hydroxyapatite from quail egg shells using precipitation methods has been successfully carried out. Keywords— hydroxyapatite; quail egg shell; precipitation; bone defects

Synthesis and Characterizations of Hydroxyapatite using Precursor Extracted from Chicken Egg Shell Waste

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is considered to be one of the most important members of bio-ceramic materials. HAP is widely investigated for the development of biomaterials because of having remarkable chemical similarity to the mineral component, which comprises the bone and hard tissues. The focus of research is to make the whole process eco-friendly, economical, and minimal waste generating. HAP is one of the biomaterials that can be synthesized using naturally occurring wastes such as chicken eggshells, fish scales, etc. The purpose of this research work is to synthesize HAP from Eggshell waste (ESW). The method of preparation used in the current study is the Conventional chemical precipitation method followed by calcination at diverse temperatures. Characterizations of the Eggshell waste extracted from natural HAP powder were carried out using Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD analysis showed the formation of HAP and gave a characteristic apatite peak at 31.8 to 32.5 for 2θ values. The peaks of FTIR spectrum displays carbonate (CO32-), phosphate (PO43-), and hydroxyl (OH-) groups in the powder sample, which confirms the synthesis of that HAP. EDX validates the elemental composition of HAP by giving the Ca/P ratio, which comes out to be 1.64 for the uncalcined HAP powder. This obtained HAP is the nearest to the pure HAP, which has a Calcium to Phosphate ratio of 1.67. The HAP derived from ESW was synthesized and validated from the results.

Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite- (HAP-) Clay Composites and Adsorption Studies on Methylene Blue for Water Treatment

Dyes used by the textile, tannery, and food industries tend to pollute water bodies and must be removed to get clean water. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) was synthesized from eggshells using the wet precipitation process. The as-synthesized HAP was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The synthesized HAP was mixed with three different clays: halloysite (HNT), kaolinite (KAO), and bentonite (BENT). The removal efficiency values of methylene blue (MB) from the data showed that HAP-BENT adsorbents had higher values, followed by HAP-HNT and then HAP-KAO adsorbents. The combined masses of 24 mg, 34.5 mg, and 33 mg (representing 20%, 15%, and 10% of HAP-BENT mass) had average adsorption capacity values of 20.7 mg/g, 17.2 mg/g, and 17.9 mg/g, respectively. For each mass percentage, the adsorption capacity values were found to decrease with adsorbent dosage. The HAP-BENT composites had removal efficiency values of 98.4, 91.9%, and 91.9%, respectively. Adsorption data for the HAP-BENT adsorbents were found to be well described by the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The effect of temperature on adsorption capacity was evaluated and thermodynamical modeling was undertaken. The thermodynamical modeling predicts that based on the value of the change in enthalpy and Gibbs free energy the process was exothermic and spontaneous. This work confirms the potential of HAP-clay composites in removing MB from water.

Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite from Duck Eggshell by Wet Precipitation Process

Hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) is the most stable form of calcium phosphate and widely used in various medical applications, mainly in orthopedics and dentistry due to its close similarities with the inorganic mineral component of bone and teeth. This study aims to synthesize hydroxyapatite from duck eggshell using the precipitation method. The duck eggshell was calcined, hydrated (slaking) and underwent carbonation to form Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC). Afterwards, (NH4)2HPO4 was added to produce HAp by varying the molar ratio of Ca/P by 1.67, 1.77 and 1.87 and stirring speed by 200, 250, 300rpm under basic condition (pH 10 – 11). The best results were obtained at a molar ratio of 1.77 with 200rpm stirring speed. Furthermore, the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that its crystals were hexagonal with sizes of 23.062nm, in the absence of other crystalline phases. Therefore, the hydroxyapatite was obtained in the agglomerates form with a specific surface area of ??55.929m2/g.

Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite and composite based on it with collagen/alginate

Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite and composite based on it with collagen/alginate

Hydroxyapatite integrated with cellulose acetate/polyetherimide composite membrane for biomedical applications

AbstractIn this study, we describe the experience of a simple, cost‐efficient preparation and characterization of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanomaterial incorporated cellulose acetate/polyetherimide membrane for adsorption and biomedical applications. A simple chemical precipitation technique has been used for the synthesis of HA nanoparticles. The membrane was then developed by incorporating nanoparticles into different compositions of cellulose acetate and polyetherimide by using a phase inversion technique. Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscope, field emission scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy were used to characterize the structural analysis and morphology of the nanoparticles and polymer membrane. Thermo gravimetric analysis was used to describe thermal characteristics. The contact angle value and wettability test were used to determine the hydrophilicity of the polymer membrane. The images from the scanning electron microscope analysis indicate that the addition of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles causes significant morphological changes in the membrane's surface and cross section. When compared with a control membrane, the presence of inorganic nanoparticles elucidated the impact on thermal and hydrophilic properties. The CA/PEI/HA membrane can be used as an adsorbent material in dye adsorption experiments with model dyes such as Malachite green, Methylene blue as cationic dyes, and Eriochrome black T, Congo red as anionic dyes. In addition, the biocompatibility of the CA/PEI/HA membrane was tested using cell cytotoxicity against THP‐1 human monocytic leukemia cells.

Preparation and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite and Optimizing Its Properties Using Regression Model

This study clarified the importance of hydroxyapatite in the biological and medical field as alternatives for damaged parts of the bones and teeth. The aim of this study is to preparing the hydroxyapatite from a biological source, bovine femur bones, for its efficiency and low cost. The bovine bone has been converted to hydroxyapatite by a heat treatment method at 1000 °C for 3 hrs. The resulting powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscope and particle size. The regression models used for the optimization mechanical and physical properties, by taking density as an independent variable, porosity, hardness and compressive strength as dependent variables. Through regression analysis, it was found that the value of the correlation coefficient (R) is (0.990), while the value of (F) in the ANOVA test was (15.97). In addition to the T-test, which indicates the presence of statistical differences between the variables.

The characterization of hydroxyapatite from blood clam shells and eggs shells: Shyntesis by hydrothermal method

Hydroxyapatite is a bioceramic that can be used as a denture material. Hydroxyapatite can be produced by synthesizing blood clam shells and eggshells as a source of calcium and (NH4) 2HPO4, phosphate through hydrothermal methods. The hydroxyapatite samples were characterized by XRD and FTIR. The results of XRD analysis showed that the hydroxyapatite produced contained calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and apatite carbonate type A. Hydroxyapatite has a hexagonal structure with lattice parameters a = 9.404 Å and c = 6.675 Å the resulting crystal size ranges from 10.19 nm to 57.29 nm. The results of the FTIR spectrum of the hydroxyapatite sample contained functional groups PO4 3-, OH− and CO3 2- which are functional groups of hydroxyapatite.

Facile synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite from fish bones: Photocatalytic degradation of industrial dyes (crystal violet and Congo red)

The major component of bone minerals is the nanosized hydroxyapatite (HAp). It is known to possess extreme and exceptional properties. HAp increases its application in biomedical purposes. The utilization of HAp is comparatively similar to the use of living bones due to the monolithic structures, bioactivity and biocompatibility. Based on the potential characteristics of HAp, the present research has aimed to synthesize HAp from the natural biowaste of fish bones as a source of calcium phosphate in the form of HAp. The synthesized fish bone hydroxyapatite (FB-HAp) was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field emission - scanning microscopy (FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). To reveal the environmental application of FB-HAp, photocatalytic degradations of Crystal violet (CV) and Congo red (CR) were performed under direct sunlight irradiation. FB-HAp showed 77 % degradation of CV and 87 % of CR within 75 min of exposure. Therefore, the collective findings suggested that the HAp prepared using the biowastes of Catla fish bones would be a safer, non-toxic and potential candidate for the photodegradation of synthetic dyes used in textile industries.

Preparation and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite by the precipitation method and heat treatment

Hydroxyapatite is a synthetic substance in the form of microspheres composed of calcium and phosphate, present in human bones and tooth enamel. The objective of the work was to synthesize hydroxyapatite, from the solution of calcium nitrate and diamonic phosphate by the method of precipitation and heat treatment, obtaining the hydroxyapatite in powder form. To study its structural evolution, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy were used. The results show that the hydroxyapatite nanocrystalline can be successfully produced by the precipitation technique from raw materials.