Characterization Of Exopolysaccharide Research Articles

Production and characterization of exopolysaccharide from marine Bacillus sp. MSHN2016 with studying its effect on isoniazid/ rifampicin-induced hepatic and renal toxicities in rats

Production and characterization of exopolysaccharide from marine Bacillus sp. MSHN2016 with studying its effect on isoniazid/ rifampicin-induced hepatic and renal toxicities in rats

Characterization of an exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus plantarum HM47 isolated from human breast milk

Abstract In the present study, exopolysaccharide (EPS) secreted by Lactobacillus plantarum HM47, was purified and characterized. The structural characterization of EPS revealed that it was a polymer of glucose, and galactose in the ratio of 0.5:1.4. The FTIR spectroscopy showed the prevalence of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra analysis showed the presence of β- d -glucose and β- d -galactose. The EDX analysis inferred the presence of C, O, P, Na, Cl and S. SEM micrographs exhibited a highly porous structure that showed plasticized film characteristics. Thermal analysis inferred high thermal stability of EPS with the maximum degradation temperature (Td) of 273.6 °C. Thus, the higher thermal stability and the physical characteristics of EPS from L. plantarum HM47 makes it an ideal material for the food industry.

Production and characterization of exopolysaccharides by Geobacillus thermodenitrificans ArzA-6 and Geobacillus toebii ArzA-8 strains isolated from an Armenian geothermal spring.

The thermal ecosystems, including geothermal springs, are proving to be source of thermophiles able to produce extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs). Among the sixteen thermophilic bacilli isolated from sediment sampled from Arzakan geothermal spring, Armenia, two best EPSs producer strains were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and phenotypic characteristics, and designated as Geobacillus thermodenitrificans ArzA-6 and Geobacillus toebii ArzA-8 strains. EPSs production was investigated under different time, temperature and culture media's composition. The highest specific EPSs production yield (0.27gg-1 dry cells and 0.22gg-1 dry cells for strains G. thermodenitrificans ArzA-6 and G. toebii ArzA-8, respectively) was observed after 24h when fructose was used as sole carbon source at 65°C and pH 7.0. Purified EPSs displayed a high molecular mass: 5 × 105 Da for G. thermodenitrificans ArzA-6 and 6 × 105 Da for G. toebii ArzA-8. Chemical composition and structure of the biopolymers, determined by GC-MS, HPAE-PAD and NMR, showed that both the two EPSs are heteropolymers composed by mannose as major monomer unit. Optical rotation values [α] D25°C of the two EPSs (2mgml-1 H2O) were - 142,135 and - 128,645 for G. thermodenitrificans ArzA-6 and G. toebii ArzA-8, respectively.

Extracellular polysaccharide from Weissella confusa OF126: Production, optimization, and characterization

The production, optimization, and characterization of exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Weissella confusa OF126 and the in-vitro probiotic potentials of this strain was investigated. The EPS produced on sucrose modified-MRS broth was characterized. The purified EPS had an average molecular weight of 1.1 × 106 Da. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of glucose monomers, indicating its homopolysaccharide nature. The structural characteristics of the EPS were investigated by FTIR, and NMR spectroscopy. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl, N-acetyl and amine groups. NMR analysis confirmed that the EPS contained α-(1 → 6) linkage and α-(1 → 3) branched linkage. The EPS showed strong in-vitro antioxidant activity. Four significant factors were optimized using Central Composite Design (CCD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The predicted optimum conditions for EPS production were cultivation time (48.50 h), sucrose concentration (24.00 g/L), pH (7.00) and yeast extract (2.50%).The EPS produced was predicted to be 3.10 g/L, while the experimental yield was 3.00 g/L. This strain was found to possess desirable probiotic attributes by its ability to survive at pH 2.0 and in the presence of bile salts (0.50% (w/v)) for 4 h. The results obtained from this study demonstrate W. confusa OF126 as a promising probiotic and the EPS produced can find useful applications in industries.

Isolation and Characterization of Exopolysaccharides From Yeast Isolates

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are high molecular weight polymers which are long chain composed of sugar residues and secreted by microbes into the surrounding environment. Sugar compositions of exopolysaccharides are dependent to culture medium composition and different physical conditions. Bacteria and fungi are most common EPS producers. In this study, we aimed to isolate the yeasts from different sources for maximum EPS production using optimized conditions. Yeast isolates PS1 and PS2 were analyzed for maximum EPS production on modified EPS media and optimized physical conditions such as carbon source, temperature and incubation duration. The maximum EPS (0.2 g/L) production was noted in PS1 and PS2. Characterization of purified EPS was done by HPLC, FT-IR and viscometer. PS1 (0.33mg/ml) and PS2 (0.28 mg/ml) showed increased carbohydrate content andsimilarly protein content also quantified for PS1(0.29μg/ml) and PS2 (0.180μg/ml) which indicates glycoprotein quantity on EPS. PS1showed 3% viscosity than PS2. We demonstrate the biological activities of purified EPS viz. Surfactant activity, flocculant activity and antioxidant activities. All these activities are observed in PS1; in case of PS2 it is not observed. In conclusion, yeast (PS1) exopolysaccharideshas a potential role in the textile, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries.

Rheological characterization of exopolysaccharides from Porphyridium microalgae

Rheological characterization of exopolysaccharides from Porphyridium microalgae

Production and characterisation of exopolysaccharide from Streptomyces carpaticus isolated from marine sediments in Egypt and its effect on breast and colon cell lines.

Twenty streptomycete strains were isolated from marine sediment samples collected from Nabq area, Sharm El-Sheikh, Red Sea Coast, Egypt. Four of them produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) showing marked in vitro antitumor activities. Morphological and cultural characteristics of the most significant strain (No. 3) were shown. Moreover, the sequence of this strain showed similarity with Streptomyces carpaticus. The results reveal that EPS produced by Streptomyces carpaticus No. 3 had high cytotoxicity reaching 51.7% and 59.1% against human tumor cells of breast and colon lines respectively. A chemical analysis of EPS indicated that the composing monosaccharides were galactouronic acid, glucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, and fructose with relative ratio of 3:1:1:2:2:1 respectively, with an average molecular weight (Mw) 1.180 × 105 g/mol and of a number average molecular weight (Mn) 1.052 × 105 g/mol. Also the EPS contained uronic acid (0.5072%) and monosaccharide sulphates (21.753%).

Exopolysaccharide (EPS) activity test of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as immunomodulatory

<p>Immunomodulatory activity assay and characterization of exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) was done in Bogor. Bacteria used in this study was LAB strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. Exopolysaccharide was extracted from L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus then characterized with FT-IR spectrophotometer to determine the functional group. IR spectrum analysis using Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) showed that EPS from both LAB isolates were carbohydrate compounds. Immunomodulatory activity in vivo from EPS was measured using phagocytic activity and phagocytic capacity macrophage cells from mice peritoneal cavity fluid. Exopolysaccharide were given orally to mice in concentrations of 100 μg/ml, 200 μg/ml and 300 μg/ml for 14 days then the mice were infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Result showed that EPS from both LAB isolate enhanced either phagocytic activity and phagocytic capacity macrophage cell from mice peritoneal fluid. EPS from L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus concentration 300 μg/ml showed the highest phagocytic activity of macrophage cells and EPS from S. thermophilus concentration 300 μg/ml showed the highest phagocytic capacity. It is concluded that EPS potency tested as immunomodulatory derived from a culture of L. delbrueckii and S. thermophilus subsp.bulgaricus are able to increase the activity and phagocytosis murine peritoneal macrophages.</p>

Characterization of Exopolysaccharide Produced by Ganoderma sp TV1 and Its Potential as Antioxidant and Anticancer Agent

Medicinal mushrooms are known for their bioactive molecules that have potential to fight cancer cell and have an immune-modulatory effect. Mainly these are either polysaccharide or terpenoidal molecules. In present study mushroom samples were explored for their exopolysaccharide (EPS) production as bioactive molecules. The potential EPS producer was identified as Ganoderma sp TV1 (GenBank accession no. KC590320). Conditions optimized for pH and temperature for higher EPS production suggest that 6.5 pH and 23°C were optimum. Antioxidant activity examined in the temporal sequence of event revealed that it shows higher on 7th day of incubation. Antioxidant activity from fruiting body and mycellial growth was examined and showed higher activity in fruiting body. Chemical characterization of EPS was done by TLC, FTIR, HPLC and XRD revealed glucose and galactose as monomer. EPS showed 50% inhibition of ABTS in antioxidant assay and 61.8% inhibition of A549 lung cancer cell line in MTT assay for anticancer assay. Thus, EPS by Ganoderma sp. TV1 can be effectively used as antioxidant and anticancer agent.

Formation and Physiochemical Properties of Silver Nanoparticles with Various Exopolysaccharides of a Medicinal Fungus in Aqueous Solution.

Natural polysaccharides are the most widely used biopolymers for green synthesis of eco-friendly silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In a previous study, a high molecular weight (MW) fraction of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by a medicinal fungus Cs-HK1 has been shown useful for green and facile synthesis of AgNPs in water. This study was to further evaluate the effects of molecular properties of EPS on the formation, stability and properties of AgNPs with different EPS fractions at various pH conditions. Three EPS fractions (P0.5, P2.0 and P5.0: MW high to low and protein content low to high) were reacted with silver nitrate at various pH 3.0–8.0 in water. The most favorable pH range was 5.5–8.0 for the formation and stable dispersion of AgNPs. At a given pH, the maximum amount of AgNPs was produced with P5.0, and the minimum with P0.5. The shape, size and physiochemical properties of AgNPs were strongly affected by the molecular characteristics of EPS (MW and conformation). The results may be helpful for understanding the factors and mechanisms for formation of stable AgNPs with natural polysaccharides and the interactions between AgNPs and the polysaccharide hydrocolloids in water.

Effects of cigarette smoke condensate on the production and characterization of exopolysaccharides by Streptococcus mutans / Sigara dumanı kondensatının Streptococcus mutans tarafından üretilen eksopolisakkaritlerin üretimi ve karakterizasyonu üzerine etkisi

Abstract Objective: Streptococcus mutans is regarded as the major agent causing dental caries. It has been well documented that cigarette smoke affects the growth of S. mutans. This study investigate the effect of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on the production and characterization of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by S. mutans ATCC 35668. Methods: Cigarettes of Shanhua brand were used to prepare the CSC. S. mutans was cultured in MSB media with the addition of CSC under anaerobic condition. Furthermore, the EPS fraction was isolated and purified by gel filtration chro-matography on Sepharose CL-6B. The molecular characterization of EPS was analyzed by GC-MS, FT-IR and size exclusion chromatography/multiangle laser light scattering (SEC/MALLS) system. Results: The results showed that CSC at tested concentrations could significantly increase the growth of S. mutans and acetic acid production, compared with the control. The CSC was not found to affect carbohydrate composition of the EPS, but the molecular mass of EPS decreased from 3.04×104 g/mol (without CSC) to 2.75×104 (with CSC). The SEC/MALLS also revealed the molecular conformation of EPS changed from flexible coil to globular shape in aqueous solution. Conclusion: This study revealed that CSC was directly able to affect molecular mass and structural conformation of EPS from S. mutans. The molecular characterization of EPS would become an indicator in certain pathological disorders.

Rheological properties of phosphorylated exopolysaccharide produced by Sporidiobolus pararoseus JD-2

The exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Sporidiobolus pararoseus JD-2 contained about 2.0% phosphorus and its zeta potential was −30mV at pH 6.0. This indicated that it was an anionic polymer. In steady shear measurements, there was a Newtonian plateau in low shear rates, but power-law behavior exhibited at high shear rates. So Williamson model was used to study the flow character of the EPS solutions. This phenomenon was according to its high molecular weight and entanglement networks. Considering the EPS was an anionic polymer, the influence of added salts on apparent viscosity of EPS were studied. Different NaCl concentrations had little effect on the viscosity of the EPS, but high concentrations of CaCl2 increased the viscosity of EPS significantly. EPS solutions showed inapparent thixotropic properties in stress growth and thixotropic loop experiment. According to the flow curve results and oscillatory shear results obtained, the rheological properties of EPS solutions were closer to that of entanglement network system, like carboxy methyl cellulose rather than weak gel structure such as xanthan gum. The EPS had the function to enhance immunological functions. Understanding the rheological characteristics of EPS was essential to exploit the functionality of this EPS in different food or medicine systems.

Cryoprotective properties and preliminary characterization of exopolysaccharide (P-Arcpo 15) produced by the Arctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii Arcpo 15

ABSTRACTTwenty-two bacterial strains that secrete exopolysaccharides (EPS) were isolated from marine samples obtained from the Chukchi Sea in the Arctic Ocean; of these, seven strains were found to be capable of producing cryoprotective EPS. The ArcPo 15 strain was isolated based on its ability to secrete large amounts of EPS, and was identified as Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii based on 16S rDNA analysis. The EPS, P-ArcPo 15, was purified by protease treatment and gel filtration chromatography. The purified EPS (P-ArcPo 15) had a molecular mass of 1.7 × 107 Da, and its infrared spectrum showed absorption bands of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. The principal sugar components of P-ArcPo 15 were determined to be mannose and galacturonic acid, in the ratio of 3.3:1.0. The cryoprotective properties of P-ArcPo 15 were characterized by an Escherichia coli viability test. In the presence of 0.5% (w/v) EPS, the survival percentage of E. coli cells was as high as 94.19 ± 7.81% over five repeated freeze–thaw cycles. These biochemical characteristics suggest that the EPS P-ArcPo 15 may be useful in the development of cryoprotectants for biotechnological purposes, and we therefore assessed the utility of this novel cryoprotective EPS.

Partial Characterization of exopolysaccharides produced from novel isolates of Weissella Spp.

Current work was aimed to determine the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular weight of the biopolymer produced by fermented food isolates of W. cibaria using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography pulse amperometric detection (HPAEC) system and size exclusion chromatography (SEC), respectively. Both W. cibaria isolates found to produce homopolysaccharide of glucose and having a molecular mass higher than 220 000 Da.

Present and future medical applications of microbial exopolysaccharides.

Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) have found outstanding medical applications since the mid-20th century, with the first clinical trials on dextran solutions as plasma expanders. Other EPS entered medicine firstly as conventional pharmaceutical excipients (e.g., xanthan – as suspension stabilizer, or pullulan – in capsules and oral care products). Polysaccharides, initially obtained from plant or animal sources, became easily available for a wide range of applications, especially when they were commercially produced by microbial fermentation. Alginates are used as anti-reflux, dental impressions, or as matrix for tablets. Hyaluronic acid and derivatives are used in surgery, arthritis treatment, or wound healing. Bacterial cellulose is applied in wound dressings or scaffolds for tissue engineering. The development of drug controlled-release systems and of micro- and nanoparticulated ones, has opened a new era of medical applications for biopolymers. EPS and their derivatives are well-suited potentially non-toxic, biodegradable drug carriers. Such systems concern rating and targeting of controlled release. Their large area of applications is explained by the available manifold series of derivatives, whose useful properties can be thereby controlled. From matrix inclusion to conjugates, different systems have been designed to solubilize, and to assure stable transport in the body, target accumulation and variable rate-release of a drug substance. From controlled drug delivery, EPS potential applications expanded to vaccine adjuvants and diagnostic imaging systems. Other potential applications are related to the bioactive (immunomodulator, antitumor, antiviral) characteristics of EPS. The numerous potential applications still wait to be developed into commercial pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Based on previous and recent results in important medical-pharmaceutical domains, one can undoubtedly state that EPS medical applications have a broad future ahead.

Production and characterization of exopolysaccharides in mycelial culture ofCordyceps sinensisfungus Cs-HK1 with different carbon sources

The effects of different carbon sources (sugars) on the production and molecular properties of exopolysaccharides (EPS) were evaluated in the mycelial liquid culture of a medicinal fungusCordyceps sinensisCs-HK1. Galactose or mannose was used (at 5g·L−1) as a secondary carbon source with glucose (35g·L−1) at the mass ratio of 1:7. Mannose was consumed notably since the first day of culture, but galactose was not even after glucose was exhausted. The volumetric yield of EPS in culture was increased slightly with the addition of galactose and decreased with mannose. The monosaccharide composition of EPS was also different,e.g., on day 8, the glucose contents of EPS were 76% with the addition of mannose, 59% with galactose, compared with 62% with glucose only. The molecular weight distribution of EPS was also affected by the secondary carbon source, being generally lower compared with that with glucose only. The results suggested that the addition of galactose improved the total yield of EPS in culture while mannose can improve the yield of glucan constituent of EPS.

Effects of cigarette smoke condensate on the production and characterization of exopolysaccharides by Bifidobacterium.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of cigarette smoke on the production and characterization of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Bifidobacterium. Cigarettes of Shanhua brand (nicotine: 1.1 mg, tar: 11 mg) were utilized to prepare a cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). The standard strain of Bifidobacterium animalis was cultured in MRS media under anaerobic addition of CSC. The results showed that CSC significantly decreased the growth of B. animalis as well as EPSs and acetic acid production. Furthermore, two EPSs fractions (Fr-I and Fr-II) were isolated and purified for chemical and molecular determination. By comparison with control, CSC was found to be of great impact on EPSs carbohydrate composition. The molecular weight mass of Fr-I changed from 3.33 × 10(5) g/mol (without CSC) to 2.99 × 10(5) (with CSC). In conclusion, in vitro studies revealed that CSC was directly able to affect the production of metabolites for B. animalis, which could be an essential factor in certain pathological disorders.

Characterization of exopolysaccharides from floccular and aerobic granular activated sludge as alginate-like-exoPS

As a component of activated sludge (AS) extracellular polymeric substances, exopolysaccharides (exoPS) have been associated with contributing physically and chemically to the structural strength and coherence of both conventional (floccular) (CAS) and aerobic granular activated sludge (GAS). The study aims at characterization of exoPS extracted from CAS fed first with synthetic wastewater, then with brewery effluent and from GAS treating the latter. CAS and GAS exoPS were analyzed for their gel-forming capacity, morphology, and moisture content of the formed hydrogels, and chemical properties of the extracted exoPS by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Commercially available sodium alginate was used as the reference polysaccharide for comparison. The extracted exoPS from both CAS and GAS formed hydrogels or gel-like structures in CaCl2 solution, similar to CaCl2 reactions of alginate. Environmental scanning electron microscopy images displayed similarities in the morphologies of hydrogels formed by the AS exoPS and alginate. The similarity between the two was further strengthened by FTIR spectroscopy which indicated similar functional groups in the chemical structure of both exoPS extracts and alginate. Moreover, characteristic peaks of the uronic acid residues, namely guluronic and mannuronic acids, were detected at 948 and 882 cm−1, 964 and 879 cm−1, 902 and 879 cm−1 for alginate, CAS-exoPS and GAS-exoPS, respectively. Results indicated that the exoPS extracted from the AS samples resembled alginate and likewise the functions of alginate; they seemingly contribute to the physical and chemical properties and structural strength and coherence of AS, especially to the compact and durable nature of excellently settling aerobic GAS.

Urinary catheter indwelling clinical pathogen biofilm formation, exopolysaccharide characterization and their growth influencing parameters

Self-reproducing microbial biofilm community mainly involved in the contamination of indwelling medical devices including catheters play a vital role in nosocomial infections. The catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CA-UTI) causative Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were selectively isolated, their phenotypic as well as genotypic biofilm formation, production and monomeric sugar composition of EPS as well as sugar, salt, pH and temperature influence on their in vitro biofilm formation were determined. From 50 culture positive urinary catheters S. aureus (24%), P. aeruginosa (18%), E. faecalis (14%) and others (44%) were isolated. The performed assays revealed their varying biofilm forming ability. The isolated S. aureus ica, E. faecalis esp, and P. aeruginosa cup A gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed their close branching and genetic relationship. The analyzed sugar, salt, pH, and temperature showed that the degree of CA-UTI isolates biofilm formation is an environmentally sensitive process. EPS monosaccharide HPLC analysis showed the presence of neutral sugars (ng/μl) as follows: glucose (P. aeruginosa: 44.275; E. faecalis: 4.23), lactose (P. aeruginosa: 7.29), mannitol (P. aeruginosa: 2.53; S. aureus: 2.62; E. faecalis: 2.054) and maltose (E. faecalis: 7.0042) revealing species-specific presence and variation. This study may have potential clinical relevance for the easy diagnosis and management of CA-UTI.

Isolation and characterization of exopolysaccharide from Leuconostoc lactis KC117496 isolated from idli batter

Diverse exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing isolates were isolated from an Indian acidic fermented food (Idli) based on the colony morphology. One of the EPS-producing microflora (Leuconostoc lactis KC117496) was selected for further characterization using FT-IR, HPTLC, AFM, SEM, TGA and XRD analysis. FT-IR spectroscopy revealed the α-d-glucose nature of the EPS. HPTLC analysis confirmed the presence of only glucose monomers, indicating the glucan nature of EPS. NMR spectra revealed the presence of 95% α-(1→6) and 5% branching α-(1→3) linkages. The SEM and AFM showed smooth surfaces and compact structure. TGA results showed higher degradation temperature of 272.01°C. XRD analysis proved the 33.4% crystalline nature of the EPS. Water solubility index and water-holding capacity of EPS are 14.2±0.208% and 117±7.5%. All the above characteristics of the EPS produced by L. lactis showed that the EPS is of a good-quality polysaccharide with potential applications in the food industry.