Characteristics Of Text Research Articles

Sentiment Analysis in the Age of Generative AI

In the rapidly advancing age of Generative AI, Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT stand at the forefront of disrupting marketing practice and research. This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of LLMs’ proficiency in sentiment analysis, a core task in marketing research for understanding consumer emotions, opinions, and perceptions. We benchmark the performance of three state-of-the-art LLMs, i.e., GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and Llama 2, against established, high-performing transfer learning models. Despite their zero-shot nature, our research reveals that LLMs can not only compete with but in some cases also surpass traditional transfer learning methods in terms of sentiment classification accuracy. We investigate the influence of textual data characteristics and analytical procedures on classification accuracy, shedding light on how data origin, text complexity, and prompting techniques impact LLM performance. We find that linguistic features such as the presence of lengthy, content-laden words improve classification performance, while other features such as single-sentence reviews and less structured social media text documents reduce performance. Further, we explore the explainability of sentiment classifications generated by LLMs. The findings indicate that LLMs, especially Llama 2, offer remarkable classification explanations, highlighting their advanced human-like reasoning capabilities. Collectively, this paper enriches the current understanding of sentiment analysis, providing valuable insights and guidance for the selection of suitable methods by marketing researchers and practitioners in the age of Generative AI.

Reminder of Important Clinical Lesson: Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Primary Care Physicians

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most commonly diagnosed gastrointestinal diseases. IBS, in the absence of any other causative disease, is defined as the presence of abdominal pain or discomfort with altered bowel habits. The etiology of IBS is broad and not clearly understood. Nearly 12 percent of patients seek medical care in primary care practices for IBS related complaints. The pathophysiology of IBS is broad and includes abnormalities involving motility, visceral sensation, brain-gut interaction, and psychosocial distress. The clinical case presented has the textual characteristics that represent treating a patient with diagnostic criteria for this pathology. Presenting prevalent cases helps the physician in training and specialists not to overlook what is common in clinical practice.

Statement-Grained Hierarchy Enhanced Code Summarization

Code summarization plays a vital role in aiding developers with program comprehension by generating corresponding textual descriptions for code snippets. While recent approaches have concentrated on encoding the textual and structural characteristics of source code, they often neglect the global hierarchical features, causing limited code representation. Addressing this gap, our paper introduces the statement-grained hierarchy enhanced Transformer model (SHT), a novel framework that integrates global hierarchy, syntax, and token sequences to automatically generate summaries for code snippets. SHT is distinctively designed with two encoders to learn both hierarchical and sequential features of code. One relational attention encoder processes the statement-grained hierarchical graph, producing hierarchical embeddings. Subsequently, another sequence encoder integrates these hierarchical structures with token sequences. The resulting enriched representation is then fed into a vanilla Transformer decoder, which effectively generates concise and informative summarizations. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that SHT significantly outperforms state-of-the-art approaches on two widely used Java benchmarks. This underscores the effectiveness of incorporating global hierarchical information in enhancing the quality of code summarizations.

The effect of online company responses on app review quality

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate textual characteristics of customer reviews that motivate companies to respond (sentiment negativity and sentiment deviation) and how aspects of these company responses (response intensity, length and tailoring) affect subsequent customer review quality (comprehensiveness and readability) over time.Design/methodology/approachLeveraging a large data set from a leading app website (Shopify), the authors combine text mining, natural language processing (NLP) and big data analysis to examine the antecedents and outcomes of online company responses to reviews.FindingsThis study finds that companies are more likely to respond to reviews with more negative sentiment and higher sentiment deviation scores. Furthermore, while longer company responses improve review comprehensiveness over time, they do not have a significant influence on review readability; meanwhile, more tailored company responses improve readability but not comprehensiveness over time. In addition, the intensity (volume) of company responses does not affect subsequent review quality in either comprehensiveness or readability.Originality/valueThis paper expands on the understanding of online company responses within the digital marketplace – specifically, apps – and provides a new and broader perspective on the motivations and effects of online company responses to customer reviews. The study also extends beyond the short-term focus of prior works and adds to literature on long-term effects of online company responses to subsequent reviews. The findings provide valuable insights for companies (especially those with apps) to enhance their online communication strategies and customer engagement.

Online Fan Practices and Informal Language Learning

Extensive and repeated language exposure is essential for second language learning. While not all learners can get such exposure routinely in face-to-face contexts, English language learners today create pathways to opportunities for learning English through participation in social media communities. The informal exposure to English they obtain can be driven by their passionate interest in popular culture and affiliation with communities of fans. The potential of interaction in online fandoms for language learning, however, depends in part on the language that learners are exposed to. In this study, a lexical bundle analysis was conducted to identify frequently used word combinations in YouTube comments posted under South Korean music band BTS fan-edited videos and performance videos. Lexical bundles retrieved from a corpus of 8,000 comments were investigated structurally and functionally. The bundles were found to display structural similarities with spoken registers, even though comments have unique textual characteristics. Functional analysis results showed that many of the bundles express interpersonal meanings, such as positive appraisal, with stance expressions. Findings from the structural and functional analyses of lexical bundles increase knowledge of the type of language that English learners are exposed to and can potentially benefit from by engaging in online fan communities.

Referential Salience in French and Mandarin Chinese: Influence of Syntactic, Semantic and Textual Factors

In this article, we propose a multifactorial approach to salience analysis, examining the influence of five factors on the salience of referential entities in discourse. Significance tests and Cramer’s V tests were conducted to analyze textual data obtained through manual annotation of four text excerpts in French and in Chinese. The results show that almost all the factors have a significant influence on referents’ salience (except the animacy factor in one of the excerpts). While it seems difficult to predict a fixed ranking of salience factors, which depends more on textual characteristics than on differences between the two languages, the different values of each factor under investigation show an identical behavior in terms of the positive/negative contribution to salience. The results also suggest that some factors (syntactic function and syntactic parallelism) may have a more stable influence on referents’ salience than other factors (animacy, mobility, and main character), potentially constrained by textual properties such as the main character’s nature, its number of occurrences, and the possible existence of competing protagonists.

Training Translator on Campus and after Graduation

Training translators is an important issue that can be more difficult than learning a new language. Students of translation have to deal with different texts. Translating these different texts requires dealing with various types of dictionaries. There is self-training based on some books that claim to teach translation without a teacher. This type of book for learning translation without either guidance or an instructor cannot be trusted. However, there is another type of organized training provided by educational institutions where the translation teachers deal with each text in order to teach the students how to deal with words, textual and grammatical characteristics, and the methods suitable for translating the texts. The time needed for training differs depending on the goal of training, from a few weeks to several months. Translation training is no longer limited to the texts only but also to the translation technologies: Google, Microsoft and other computer-assisted technologies. Training translators in Libyan universities is still far from machine translation, which makes it complicated and does not give any optimism towards increasing translation projects. The translation between Arabic and other languages is very limited; this happens because no funding is allocated for bringing these technologies and also for training itself. Training is not limited to the knowledge of the source and target languages but also to proofreading and finding the exact equivalence for the source text. It also includes training on dealing with various types of texts coming from different cultural environments.

НАВЧАННЯ НАУКОВОЇ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ У СТАРШІЙ ШКОЛІ ТА УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ З ПОЗИЦІЙ ЖАНРОВОГО ПІДХОДУ

Background. In the last decade, the focus has been on improving science communication when presenting research results or teaching specific topics in school and university programs through student participation. A genre-based approach has been employed in both oral and written forms. In the context of educational reforms in Ukraine, secondary schools are actively adopting innovative teaching methodologies to provide students with a comprehensive scientific education. Undoubtedly, these advancements call for improvements in students' science communication skills. The objective of this paper is to present and discuss the outcomes of integrating science communication training in the genre of scientific presentation as part of the curriculum in high specialised schools and universities. The framework suggests employing Ukrainian language instruction based on a genre approach using a model developed by the authors. Method. The study was conducted based on the methodological principles outlined by Norman Wallen and Jack Fraenkel (2013). The empirical phase took place from January to April 2024, involving two 10th-grade students at Specialized School 277 of Kyiv. A total of 17 learners voluntarily participated in the experimental training. Additionally, 14 fourth-year bachelor's students from Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, specialising in "Theory and Methodology of Teaching Ukrainian and Foreign Languages and Literature in Secondary School," participated in a final survey. The survey was conducted with the consent of the school and university students and did not impact their grades in any subjects. It was carried out in classrooms to mitigate external influences on the results. Results and discussion. The instructional methodology for enhancing students' science communication skills is implemented in four stages: 1) acquainting students with the features of scientific language style of in Ukrainian and the genre of scientific reporting as well as facilitating mastery of scientific terminology, phraseology, and metaphors; 2) providing guidance for the preparation of a scientific report in oral and written forms; 3) analysis of procedural, linguistic, and textual characteristics of science communication; 4) engaging students in a collective presentation and discussion of a scientific report. After the experimental training, roughly 92% of students grasped the structure of scientific reporting, and about 78% acquired scientific vocabulary and the principles of scientific communication. The accuracy in identifying scientific genres approached that of university students, reaching 89% of the total participants. Following the experimental training, approximately 92% of students demonstrated comprehension of the structure of scientific reporting, with around 78% acquiring scientific vocabulary and developing an understanding of the principles of science communication. The accuracy in identifying scientific genres among the participants reached 89%, approaching that of university students.

In Search of Chronology: Narratives of Qur’anic Evolution in Western Academia 1

Since the nineteenth century, Orientalist scholars have been preoccupied with recovering the original order of the Qur’an. In the past fifty years, the question appears to have reached an impasse with no sign of an emerging consensus. Divergences over the anchoring in space and time of the Qur’an have contributed to the diagnosis of “crisis” in (Western) Qur’anic studies. What do the project of determining Qur’anic chronology and its failure tell us about Qur’anic studies in Western academia? What do the current impasses reveal about the nature of the Qur’an as a text and as a theological object? This study analyses disagreements over the Qur’an’s space and time by drawing on tools from literary theory and hermeneutics. It argues for a shift from a positivist to an interpretative paradigm. Moving away from the question of the actual historical order of the Qur’an, this article examines the making and the workings of diachronic readings of the Muslim scripture, with a particular focus on the works of two of the most prominent scholars in the field, Angelika Neuwirth and Nicolai Sinai. The aim of the exercise is double: first, to perform a critical reflection on the networks of meaning that we construct or inherit in our engagement with the Muslim scripture; and second, to apprehend better the nature of the Qur’an as an “open text” (Eco 1962) whose textual characteristics make it particularly prone to a number of interpretations.

The joint effect of online reviews and manager responses in driving company ratings

The current study extends the literature on firm-customer online relationship building by jointly assessing customers' opinions and firms' responses to understand their impact on firm ratings. This study implements text analytics and sentiment analysis on customer reviews and manager responses. Specifically, the impact of message sentiment (emotional versus rational) and textual characteristics of online reviews and manager responses is examined. Finally, the assessment focuses on the impact of hotel customer reviews and manager responses sentiment on hotel ratings. Data collection implements a web crawler to gather a consistent panel of user-level activity from TripAdvisor. The final data includes customer reviews, manager responses, and hotel ratings over a three-year period. Current contributions provide further insights into how companies can utilize online reviews and manager responses to increase online ratings of their firms. Managerial implications suggest using emotional responses with short sentences to improve online ratings.

An Evaluation of the Hadīth "Whoever Treats a Friend (Walī) of Mine with Enmity, I Declare War on Him...." in Terms of Isnād and Textual Characteristics

Allah’a iyi bir kul olmak, İslâm dininde insanın varoluşunun temel amacı olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu bakımdan örnek Müslümanlar genel olarak bütün yaşam faaliyetlerinde ilahî emirlere tabi olmak suretiyle, özel olarak da bazı farz ve nafile ibadetleri yaparak söz konusu amacı gerçekleştirmeye çalışırlar. Gayet tabi ki insanlar bu hedefe ulaşma hususunda farklı düzeylerdedirler. Bazı kimseler dinî vecibeleri yerine getirme noktasında daha fazla çaba göstererek Allah’a yakın kullardan olurlar. Böyleleri hakkında Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’de “velî” kavramı kullanılır ki “Dikkat edin! Allah’ın dostlarına (evliyâ) korku yoktur, onlar üzülmeyeceklerdir (Yûnus, 10/62).” âyeti buna örnek verilebilir. Mezkûr kavramın yer aldığı bir de kudsî hadis bulunmaktadır. Bu kudsî hadisin çeşitli metinleri içerisinden örnek olarak şu metin zikredilebilir: “Kim benim velî bir kuluma düşmanlık ederse ona savaş ilan ederim. Kulum bana, kendisine farz kıldığım ibadetlerden daha sevimli bir şeyle yaklaşamaz. Kulum bana nafile ibadetlerle de yaklaşmaya devam eder, ta ki onu severim. Onu sevdiğim zaman da işittiği kulağı, gördüğü gözü, tuttuğu eli, yürüdüğü ayağı olurum. Benden bir şey isterse onu kesinlikle veririm. Bana sığınırsa onu mutlaka korurum. Yaptığım şeyler içerisinde mümin kulumun canını almakta tereddüt ettiğim kadar hiçbir şeyde tereddüt etmedim. O, ölümü kötü görür, ben de onun kötülenmesini kötü görürüm.” 
 Çalışmanın temel konusu olan mezkûr hadis, Allah ile kul arasındaki yakınlık; Allah’ın, kulunu sevdiği zaman onun bazı uzuvları olacağı ve kulunun canını alırken tereddüt edeceği gibi ilk bakışta anlaşılması zor bir içeriğe sahiptir. Bu zor içerikten kaynaklı olsa gerek Zehebî’nin ve çağdaş ilim adamlarından Ahmet Yıldırım’ın bu hadis hakkındaki ifadeleri, onların hadisin sıhhati hakkında bazı tereddütlere sahip olduklarını göstermektedir. Bu bakımdan çalışmada söz konusu hadisin detaylı bir şekilde yeniden ele alınması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem ise rivayetlerin öncelikle isnâd ve metin özellikleri bakımından sonra da içerik yönüyle incelenmesi olarak belirlenmiştir.
 Araştırmanın sonucunda bu hadisin isnâdları içerisinde Buhârî’nin naklettiği Ebû Hureyre isnâdının ve Taberânî’nin naklettiği, Hz. Âişe’den Ebû Hazre tarikiyle gelen isnâdın sıhhat şartlarını taşıdığı görülmüştür. Hz. Âişe’den Abdulvâhid b. Meymûn tarikiyle gelen isnâd ise zayıf olduğuna dair değerlendirmeler de bulunmakla birlikte hasen olarak da kabul edilebilir. Öte yandan Hasan-ı Basrî’den gelen mürsel sayılabilecek bir isnâdla Ebû Ümâme el-Bâhilî’den ve Hz. Meymûne’den gelen isnâdlar da sıhhat şartlarını tam olarak taşımamaktadırlar. Bu zayıf isnâdlardan ilki ve râvîleri hakkındaki eleştirilerin nispeten hafif olması nedeniyle ikincisi diğer isnâdları desteklemeye veya onlar tarafından desteklenmeye elverişli görülebilirler ve böylece hasen li-gayrihî düzeyinde sayılabilirler. Hz. Meymûne’den gelen isnâdın ise ciddi düzeyde zayıf veya mevzu olması nedeniyle desteğe elverişli olmadığı anlaşılmaktadır. 
 Netice itibariyle Buhârî’nin ve Taberânî’nin sahîh isnâdları ve diğer hasen ve zayıf isnâdlar birlikte değerlendirildiğinde hadisin sıhhati hakkındaki tereddüdün isabetli bir tutum olmadığı söylenebilir. Öte yandan konumuz olan hadisin bir kısım içeriğinin ve bilhassa ilk cümlesinin bazı farklı metinlerin muhtevasında yer aldığı da görülmektedir. Farklı metinlere sahip oluşları nedeniyle ayrı bir başlık altında incelenmeyen bu rivayetlerin Enes b. Mâlik, Muâz b. Cebel ve İbn Abbâs gibi sahâbîlerden gelen isnâdlarının da zayıf olduğu görülmüştür. 
 Diğer taraftan hadis teşbîh/tecsîm fikrine yol açabilecek bazı ifadeler içerse de bunların doğru bir bakış açısıyla yorumlanması mümkündür. Buna göre Allah’ın, kulunun gözü, kulağı, eli ve ayağı olacağını gösteren ifadeler O’nun kulunun her zaman yanında olacağı ve kulun rabbinin rızasına aykırı hiçbir davranışta bulunmayacağı anlamında görülebilir. Ayrıca hadisin temel kavramları olarak görünen “velî” ve “kurb”, esasen Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’de de yer alan kavramlardır. Bu bakımdan hadisin Kur’ân’ın ortaya koyduğu ilkelere aykırı bir muhteva taşımadığı söylenebilir. Hadisin, Allah’ın, kulunun canını alırken tereddüt ettiğiyle ilgili son kısmı ise hakikî manası ile değil, O’nun kuluna olan merhametinin göstergesi olduğu şeklindeki mecâzî manası ile yorumlanmıştır.

МОИСТСКОЕ ОТНОШЕНИЕ К ВОЙНЕ: ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ К ПЕРЕВОДУ

Chapters 17–19 of the Mozi are among the earliest philosophical texts – not only in the Chinese tradition, but in world philosophy as well – concerning the ethics of war and the theory of just war. Their text is of paramount importance for the study of ancient Chinese ethical and political thought. The article serves as a foreword to the publication of their first complete and commented translation from the ancient Chinese into Russian. For the first time in Russian sinology, the author presents a critical edition of their original text. The article, which precedes the translation, analyzes the dating, purposes of writing, textual characteristics, composition and content of these chapters.

ОТРАЖЕНИЕ СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНОГО КОНТЕКСТА В НАРРАТИВЕ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ПОВЕСТВОВАНИЙ ВИКТОРИАНСКОЙ ЭПОХИ)

The article considers the issue of narrative sociocultural orientation as a way of translating general cultural norms and values, mechanism of social interaction organization. The author substantiates relationship between narrative texts structural-content characteristics and the corresponding sociocultural context. A method of researching a narrative text is proposed. It involves study of narration event structure and reflected value and role models in social relations organization, correspondence of the narration main plot to traditional archetypical plots and presence of the storyline narrative transformations is revealed. Empirical material of the study is the Victorian era narrative texts. Analyzing narrative forms of that time, the author reveals sociocultural changes influence on textual characteristics. Compositional and plot construction of narratives represents the Victorian era heterogeneity. The narration reflects social contradictions between conservative system of values inculcated by church and the state and search for relevant spiritual guidelines by progressively thinking individuals. Rapid growth of science and new industrial relations undermined faith in the biblical truths stability, the Victorian system of values impeccability. These sociocultural tendencies find expression in the motifs of open or veiled satirical criticism of the Victorian society hypocritical morality, assertion of human rights to boldly express their own assessment of social issues through narrative storyline event blocks inversion.

A Joint Fake News Detection Model based on Multi-Features

Text analysis-based models have achieved outstanding results in fake news detection tasks in recent years, which is closely linked to the quantity and quality enhancement of feature information extracted from the text. Drawing upon the existing semantic detection frameworks, studies in this field concentrate on extracting various textual information through a solitary auxiliary feature, text stance feature or sentiment feature. However, it is challenging to depict the general attributes of the text using a single auxiliary feature, which frequently results in missing essential details and leaves problems with stance distortion and emotional resonance. To tackle the problem, this study proposes a joint model for identifying fake news, incorporating numerous textual characteristics. By extracting and blending various aspects of text features, i.e., semantic, stance and sentiment features, a more detailed and effective joint analysis of textual information is attained, resulting in improved performance in fake news detection. On the RumourEval-17 datasets, our model attains the Macro F1 Score of 0.891, surpassing current models for detecting rumors. Additionally, our model obtains a Macro F1 Score of 0.904 on the latest COVID-19 dataset, demonstrating strong competitiveness and promising prospects for fake news detection.

Analysis of News Translation Multi-strategy Fusion Translation Mode

News, as an important transmission medium, can accurately and rapidly transmit the latest events in the world to the audience timely and accurately, while its most important function is to disseminate information and convey opinions. Through the textual characteristics of news and the specific characteristics of Chinese news in English translation, by listing a large number of news and news translation cases, this paper will discuss the characteristics of news translation, as well as the commonly used translation strategies and the specific translation methods of Chinese news translation. It also analyses the feasibility of combining the domesticating and foreignizing strategies and translation methods in previous news translations according to the cases. It is expected that by using case studies of Chinese news translation and publicity in English to find out how to get the optimal Chinese news translation in English, in order guide better Chinese news translation in English in the future.

Determinants of an effective Instagram post for the hospitality industry

The aim of this study is to examine how important the respective roles of influencers, visual and textual post characteristics, and destination-unique selling point (USP) references are in Instagram marketing. We analyzed these factors’ relative effectiveness using a real-life case study in the hospitality industry. The findings – based on an externally valid dataset ( N = 457 Instagram posts) – indicated that influencers are a key asset for the hospitality business. Moreover, we find that visual and textual content characteristics and USP references also significantly influence the effectiveness of an Instagram post (i.e., the length of the text, a photo of a swimming pool, and an illustration of a couple). Therefore, this study suggests that the hospitality industry should focus on influencers and other factors such as textual and visual post characteristics and destination-unique selling points in its communication strategy on Instagram. These findings can aid the hospitality industry in calibrating and optimizing their advertising on Instagram, which may lead to a stronger external market position and higher revenues.

Textual Analysis of Tweets Associated with Domestic Violence.

Domestic violence is a global public health concern as stated by World Health Organization. We aimed to conduct a textual analysis of tweets associated with domestic violence through keyword identification, word trends and word collocations. The data was obtained from Twitter, focusing on publicly available tweets written in English. The objectives are to find out if the identified keywords, word trends and word collocations can help differentiate between domestic violence-related tweets and non-domestic violence-related tweets, as well as, to analyze the textual characteristics of domestic violence-related tweets and non-domestic violence-related tweets. Overall, 11,041 tweets were collected using a few keywords over a period of 15 days from 22 March 2021 to 5 April 2021. A text analysis approach was used to discover the most frequent keywords used, the word trends of those keywords and the word collocations of the keywords in differentiating between domestic violence-related or non-domestic violence-related tweets. Domestic violence-related tweets and non-domestic violence-related tweets had differentiating characteristics, despite sharing several main keywords. In particular, keywords like "domestic", "violence" and "suicide" featured prominently in domestic-violence related tweets but not in non-domestic violence-related tweets. Significant differences could also be seen in the frequency of keywords and the word trends in the collection of the tweets. These findings are significant in helping to automate the flagging of domestic-violence related tweets and alert the authorities so that they can take proactive steps such as assisting the victims in getting medical, police and legal help as needed.

Attentional modulation in literary reading: A theoretical‐empirical framework

AbstractWhen we think of a person engaged in the act of reading literary fiction, the mental image that readily comes to mind is one of focused concentration. In our current information age, such a form of reading seems especially necessary, and often lacking. This causes a change in how we read, often described in terms of close reading versus hyperreading. Literary reading is typically associated with the former; screen‐based reading of information texts with the latter. Accounts of attention and distraction in reading research are often informed by a binary way of thinking. Literary reading, while often aligned with close reading, also involves selection, strategic allocation of attention informed by textual cues, condensation, and mind‐wandering. It never occurs in a state of continuous attention: we combine different modes, triggered by both textual and readerly characteristics. A challenge for literary studies in the present media landscape is to determine more precisely when readers read with close attention and when they skim, or what they skip. This article presents a theoretical contribution to studies of literary reading in the form of a literature review and a framework for attentional modulation. Education might benefit from a more sophisticated concept of such attentional modulations.

Key audit matters and insider trading profitability: Evidence from China

The debate as to whether or not an expanded audit report is informative to the market persists, either from experimental and empirical study perspectives. With the utilization of 4,336 firm-year Chinese observations from 2016 to 2017, this study investigates whether the mandatory disclosure of key audit matters (KAMs) restricts insider trading profitability in China. The main test and robustness tests confirm the significant and negative relationship between KAM disclosure and insider trading profitability in the Chinese capital market. The study further explores the impact of KAMs’ textual characteristics using the KAM data from 2017 to 2020. The results suggest that firm-specific KAMs, longer KAMs, more readable KAMs, and more accurate KAMs reduce the insider trading profitability. Supplementary analysis shows that this effect only exists for opportunistic insider trading. In addition, the effect of KAM disclosure on insider trading profitability is further amplified by high institutional ownership, auditor industry specialization, and KAM with goodwill impairment matter. Overall, the study presents some evidence of the communicative value of KAM disclosure and provides a practical means to restrict insiders’ opportunistic behavior, highlighting the decision-making usefulness of KAMs for external investors.

«Alfurkan tatarski» (Wilno, 1616/1617) Петра Чижевского: авторство текста

The article focuses on the textual characteristics of the Polish anti-Ta- tar pamphlet “Alfurkan tatarski” written by Piotr Czyżewski (Wilno, 1616/1617) and reveals its text being a compilation. There are at least four different indica- tions for this. They were a result of borrowing certain textual fragments from Matiasz Czyżewski’s earlier edition “Alkoran” (1616), which is considered lost. However, its long title describing the contents survives and can be safely com- pared to the extant text of Piotr Czyżewski’s “Alfurkan tatarski”. This comparison reveals thematic similarities between the two editions accompanied by identical wording which must be viewed as result of textual borrowing from the earlier edition into the later one. This collaborates well with A. Brückner’s comparison of the two editions (both were available to him in the early 20th century) which were reported to contain partially the same textual material.
 Traditionally the names of both authors are treated as pseudonyms of an un- known person who was recently identified with Józef Karcan (the printer of Piotr Czyżewski’s first edition of “Alfurkan tatarski”) or, alternatively, with Tomasz Pawłowski (the abbot of the Benedictine monastery in Old Trakai in ca 1597 – ca 1617). Nevertheless, the very nature of the revealed textual bor- rowings, accompanied by a significant rearrangement of the general struc
 ture, suggests that both editions have different authors. Since Matiasz and Piotr Czyżewski in their publications call themselves brothers and mention each other’s editions, they, contrary to the established tradition, must be con- sidered the actual authors of the respective printed books, and not fictitious pseudonyms.