Characteristics Of Social Behavior Research Articles

Human Micro-Expressions in Multimodal Social Behavioral Biometrics.

The advent of Social Behavioral Biometrics (SBB) in the realm of person identification has underscored the importance of understanding unique patterns of social interactions and communication. This paper introduces a novel multimodal SBB system that integrates human micro-expressions from text, an emerging biometric trait, with other established SBB traits in order to enhance online user identification performance. Including human micro-expression, the proposed method extracts five other original SBB traits for a comprehensive representation of the social behavioral characteristics of an individual. Upon finding the independent person identification score by every SBB trait, a rank-level fusion that leverages the weighted Borda count is employed to fuse the scores from all the traits, obtaining the final identification score. The proposed method is evaluated on a benchmark dataset of 250 Twitter users, and the results indicate that the incorporation of human micro-expression with existing SBB traits can substantially boost the overall online user identification performance, with an accuracy of 73.87% and a recall score of 74%. Furthermore, the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art SBB systems.

National and Cultural Marking of Russian and Chinese Phraseological Units with Nominations of Alcoholic Beverages

In this article, we describe from linguocultural point of view phraseological units of the Russian and Chinese languages with the nominations of alcoholic beverages, which form a separate group in the thematic field “Food”; we are taking into account the priority of the anthropocentric paradigm in modern linguistics. We also study the degree of their phraseoactivity, carry out a comparative analysis of set expressions in order to identify the universal and unique in the semantics and figurativeness of these units, and consider the main types of interlingual correlation (coincidences and discrepancies) of phraseological units. The material of the study was represented by 107 Russian and 95 Chinese phraseological units with the nomination/nominations of alcoholic beverages selected in accordance with a wide understanding of phraseology by continuous sample from one- and bilingual phraseological, linguistic, explanatory and etymological dictionaries of the Chinese and Russian languages. The analysis of the studied material showed that a distinctive feature of Russian phraseologisms is a variety of nominations of alcohol (вино ‘wine’, пиво ‘beer’, мед ‘mead’, водка ‘vodka’, брага ‘mash’, хмельное ‘hoppy’), the presence of diminutive variants of the names, as well as the use of various seeds in the composition one expression. The most phraseoactive in Russian sustainable expressions is the вино (‘wine’) component (about 55 %) in two meanings: ‘grape wine’ and ‘vodka’. In the Chinese phraseology, the general designation of alcohol 酒 [jiǔ] (‘alcohol’; ‘alcoholic drinks’;‘vodka’) constitutes 95 %, all other nominations include this morpheme and are presented by isolated phenomena. The anthropocentric nature of phraseological units is reflected in the description of the properties of a human nature, personal qualities, emotional and physical state, the characteristics of social behavior and interpersonal relations. In relations of partial equivalence, about 10 % of the studied phraseologisms are located, 90 % are non-equivalent units with national and cultural originality, which is manifested in structural, grammatical, lexical, stylistic, semantic properties, as well as in figurative component.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the behavior of ground public transport users

This scientific work is devoted to the analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the behavior of public transport consumers in world practice. The modern world is characterized by qualitatively new conditions for using public transport – the risk of being infected by a new coronavirus infection has a significant impact on passenger behavior. The issue of identifying social behavioral characteristics of public transport users for further adaptation of the sector under consideration to social strategies of consumer behavior is up to date. The following theoretical research methods are used in this work: analysis of statistical data of studies conducted in various countries of the world; review of scientific literature on the selected issues; classification of factors of behavior of public transport users in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results make it possible to identify trends in the behavior of public transport passengers and adjust some aspects of the functioning of public transport to increase demand for this type of transport services.

Communicative Skills of a Child with Fragile X Syndrome: A Case Report

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of X-linked disorder caused by mutations in the ‘Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1’ gene leading to intellectual, behavioral, social, and learning challenges. Many early investigations evaluating the characteristics of FXS were not conducted by speech-language pathologists, and the characteristics in those earlier studies were not properly justified. Hence the present study aimed to investigate and discuss the speech, language, cognitive, and social behavioral characteristics of a child diagnosed with fragile X syndrome. A 13-year-old male suffering from FXS with significant prenatal, postnatal, family, and developmental history reported to department of Speech-Language Pathology. Detailed evaluations revealed typical orofacial characteristics, oro-motor weakness, poor intellectual functioning, social behavioral problems, and conductive hearing loss.

Analisis Perilaku Sosial pada Anak Slow Learner

Slow learner children are one of the children categorized as children with special needs. Slow learner children have intelligence under normal children in general. This study was conducted to know the social-behavioural characteristics of slow learner children. This study uses a quantitative approach with slow learner children in Bangunsari Village, Purwodadi Subdistrict, Musi Rawas Regency, South Sumatra. The data collection techniques used are observations, interviews, and literature studies with data obtained in the form of descriptions of slow learner children's social behaviour. The data analysis techniques in this study consist of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion withdrawal. The results showed that the behaviour of slow learner children is almost the same as normal children in general. Activities carried out in life can be well received by people around. But in some moments, he brings up behaviours that are unique and different from their peers.

Peer preferences and characteristics of same-group and cross-group social interactions among autistic and non-autistic adolescents.

Social interaction is inherently bidirectional, but research on autistic peer interactions often frames communication as unidirectional and in isolation from the peer context. This study investigated natural peer interactions among six autistic and six non-autistic adolescents in an inclusive school club over 5 months (14 45-min sessions in total) to examine the students’ peer preferences in real-world social interactions and how the preferences changed over time. We further examined whether social behavior characteristics differ between student and peer neurotype combinations. Findings showed that autistic students were more likely to interact with autistic peers then non-autistic peers. In both autistic and non-autistic students, the likelihood of interacting with a same-neurotype peer increased over time. Autistic and non-autistic students’ within-neurotype social interactions were more likely to reflect relational than functional purposes, be characterized as sharing thoughts and experiences rather than requesting help or objects, and be highly reciprocal, as compared with cross-neurotype interactions. These peer preferences and patterns of social interactions were not found among student-peer dyads with the same genders. These findings suggest that peer interaction is determined by more than just a student’s autism diagnosis, but by a combination of student and peer neurotypes.Lay abstractAutistic students often experience challenges in peer interactions, especially for young adolescents who are navigating the increased social expectations in secondary education. Previous research on the peer interactions of autistic adolescents mainly compared the social behaviors of autistic and non-autistic students and overlooked the peers in the social context. However, recent research has shown that the social challenges faced by autistic may not be solely contributed by their social differences, but a mismatch in the social communication styles between autistic and non-autistic people. As such, this study aimed to investigate the student-and-peer match in real-world peer interactions between six autistic and six non-autistic adolescents in an inclusive school club. We examined the odds of autistic and non-autistic students interacting with either an autistic peer, a non-autistic peer, or multiple peers, and the results showed that autistic students were more likely to interact with autistic peers then non-autistic peers. This preference for same-group peer interactions strengthened over the 5-month school club in both autistic and non-autistic students. We further found that same-group peer interactions, in both autistic and non-autistic students, were more likely to convey a social interest rather than a functional purpose or need, be sharing thoughts, experiences, or items rather than requesting help or objects, and be highly reciprocal than cross-group social behaviors. Collectively, our findings support that peer interaction outcomes may be determined by the match between the group memberships of the student and their peers, either autistic or non-autistic, rather than the student’s autism diagnosis.

Quantitative analysis of spontaneous sociality in children's group behavior during nursery activity.

Sociality is the tendency to spontaneously interact with others to establish and maintain relationships. Some approaches, including questionnaires, tests, controlled experiments, and qualitative field research, cannot capture complex social interactions, such as in children during nursery activities, because of problems with ecological validity and the labor cost of analysis. Here, we introduced a new methodology for the quantitative analysis of spontaneous social movement and investigated children’s group behavior using position data. We periodically visited a nursery and recorded videos of eurhythmics, in which children move in tune with music, in different classes. The results revealed that children in the six-year-old class approached others in a short period of time (within one second) and established group behavior like that in a game of tag. It can be interpreted that such social behavior may include actions related to the cognition of anticipating others’ behaviors in a complex situation. Although only a small amount of data could be acquired, this study suggests one of the characteristics of social behaviors in the classroom considering an ecological approach.

DanioSense: Automated High-Throughput Quantification of Zebrafish Larvae Group Movement

The capability to obtain detailed motility information of model organisms is fundamental to reveal their functional and social behavior characteristics. Zebrafish is a powerful vertebrate model organism. Despite recent success in the automatic quantification of adult zebrafish movement, it remains a laborious task for group zebrafish larval tracking due to their similar appearance, frequent occlusions, and highly discontinuous kinematics. This article presents DanioSense (DS), an automatic tracker for group larval zebrafish, to overcome these tracking challenges. The integration of a light convolutional neural network and a centerline extraction algorithm enables the tracker to localize individuals even in occlusion cases where objects' identities are prone to switch. With reliable detections, an adaptive Kalman filter is designed to optimally estimate locomotive parameters, which is also used for object reidentification accomplished by a two-stage data association protocol. Experimental results demonstrated a tracking accuracy of over 97%, median errors of 102 μm, and 8.8° for the position and orientation measurement, and a processing speed of over 30 frames/s with a normal computer configuration. DS provides detailed quantitative data for a large-scale larvae group in nearly real time, highly boosting the efficiency of characterizing individual phenotypes and analyzing social interactions.

Hierarchies and Dominance Behaviors in European Pond Turtle (Emys orbicularis galloitalica) Hatchlings in a Controlled Environment

Simple SummaryMany animal societies are organized in hierarchical structures, which are determined by behavioral interactions among individuals. However, the study of complex social relationships in reptiles, particularly in turtles, is still poorly studied and usually performed on adult individuals. We investigated the establishment of hierarchical social structures in hatchlings of the European Pond Turtle during their first year of life. We reared three small groups of turtles in a controlled environment and observed their pairwise interactions during food supply, on a daily basis for seven months. Data analysis was aimed at identifying the eventual hierarchical structures and describing their characteristics. The hatchlings started interacting at two months old and all groups established stable hierarchies after about one month of interactions. Turtles interacted by head bites, tail bites and mounts, but the effectiveness of these behaviors in establishing the rank of individuals was low. Both the interactions’ outcome and social ranks were independent from the turtles’ size. This study is first proof of the emergence of a social structure in the hatchlings of the European Pond Turtle in captivity, a condition that is often faced in ex situ conservation projects for this protected species.Few species of reptiles are known to establish stable social structures and among these, chelonians provided scarce and conflicting results. Moreover, studies on turtles are usually performed on adult individuals. In this study, we checked whether and when hatchlings of the European Pond Turtle (Emys orbicularis galloitalica) established stable hierarchical structures in their first year of life, whether hierarchies were stable in time and how steady they were. We also verified whether social ranks were associated to the individuals’ size. We observed dyadic interactions daily within three small groups of turtles reared in a controlled environment for seven months. After two months, the hatchlings started to interact and progressively established stable hierarchical structures. However, the effectiveness of the three types of observed aggressive behaviors in reversing social ranks was low and the resulting hierarchies were flat. We did not find a significant effect of the turtles’ size on their interactions’ outcome and hierarchy structure. Our results provide clear evidence of the development and the characteristics of social behaviors in young reptiles in captivity. This study could be a starting point for investigating social structures in wild populations.

Role and implementation experience of splints in pediatric burn rehabilitation

The maintenance of posture and anti-contracture treatment are the critical elements of comprehensive burn rehabilitation in the overall treatment period of pediatric burns. Although domestic experts in burn discipline have formulated guidelines for burn rehabilitation, the maintenance of posture and design and manufacture of splints for anti-scar contractures in children with burns are different from that for adults with burns in many ways. Starting with paying the attention to the rehabilitation problems in pediatric burns, especially considering the anatomical, psychological, and social behavior characteristics of children in developmental period, the author's team effectively applies splints to maximize the prevention of contractures in children and maintain and improve the range of their joint movements. The splints designed to prevent contractures in pediatric burns shall fit the small limb and meet their expected goals of rehabilitation. In each aspect of the production and use of splints, it is necessary to fully evaluate and consider the scar characteristics, growth and development status, activity level, and compliance of children, and adaptability and fixation methods of the splints, so as to select the appropriate splint type and formulate the wearing plan.

Physical Constituents of university urban environment; the impact on social behavior characteristics (University of Babylon A model)

Environment quality plays a major role in communication, and, enhances life.it has received increased attention across a number of disciplines in recent years. in contrast, there is no comprehensiveness of experimental behavioral studies. so the major problem there is a lack of knowledge in comprehensiveness of experimental behavioral studies, that determine the physical Constituents; Influencing the social behavior characteristics, and assessment the environment quality based on behavioral measures by observed behavior. the aim of this paper is to develop previous literature theoretical framework and draw out behavioral measures to assess the environment quality (functionally, physically and ecologically). The inductive experimental approach was adopted, six urban spaces were elected at the University of Babylon, and observation Student behavior during (2018-2019). Finally, the results showed that determine the measures based on observed behavior Characteristics contributes effectively to the assessment environment quality, on another side high quality of the urban environment leads to increase the variety of behavioral patterns and cognitive relationships.

Being an other-sex crush during early adolescence in India: Investigating socio-behavioral and psychological concomitants

IntroductionAfter years of neglect, there is now strong empirical interest in adolescents' romantic experiences. Most studies, however, focus on adolescents’ romantic relationships in Western societies and fail to consider other-types of romantic experiences and adolescents who reside in non-Western societies. MethodsThe present study begins to address these research gaps by examining the social-behavioral and psychological concomitants of being viewed by many other-sex peers as a crush, or having high crush status, in a large (N = 445; 56% male; Mage = 13.77 years, SD = 0.43) longitudinal sample of young adolescents in urban India. ResultsUtilizing self- and peer-report data, results provide the first evidence that being viewed by many peers as an other-sex crush in India is related to some of the same (i.e., physical attractiveness), but also different (i.e., shyness) social-behavioral characteristics relative to what has been found in studies of young adolescents from the United States. Further analysis revealed new evidence regarding the unique social-behavioral (i.e., decreased physical aggression) and psychological (i.e., decreased social anxiety) outcomes associated with high crush status in urban India. ConclusionsTaken as a whole, results underscore the importance of considering the larger cultural context in studies of young adolescents’ crush experiences.

Social avoidance behavior in male tree shrews and prosocial behavior in male mice toward unfamiliar conspecifics in the laboratory.

Adult male tree shrews vigorously defend against intruding male conspecifics. However, the characteristics of social behavior have not been entirely explored in these males. In this study, male wild-type tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) and C57BL/6J mice were first allowed to familiarize themselves with an open-field apparatus. The tree shrews exhibited a short duration of movement (moving) in the novel environment, whereas the mice exhibited a long duration of movement. In the 30 min social preference-avoidance test, target animals significantly decreased the time spent by the experimental tree shrews in the social interaction (SI) zone, whereas experimental male mice exhibited the opposite. In addition, experimental tree shrews displayed a significantly longer latency to enter the SI zone in the second 15 min session (target-present) than in the first 15 min session (target-absent), which was different from that found in mice. Distinct behavioral patterns in response to a conspecific male were also observed in male tree shrews and mice in the first, second, and third 5 min periods. Thus, social behaviors in tree shrews and mice appeared to be time dependent. In summary, our study provides results of a modified social preference-avoidance test designed for the assessment of social behavior in tree shrews. Our findings demonstrate the existence of social avoidance behavior in male tree shrews and prosocial behavior in male mice toward unfamiliar conspecifics. The tree shrew may be a new animal model, which differs from mice, for the study of social avoidance and prosocial behaviors.

Supervision practices of doctoral education and training

ABSTRACT This article discusses the research question ‘Which characteristics of social behavior and attitudes are embedded in the latent orientation of supervision practices in doctoral education and training?’ based on socialization theory (Grundmann, M. 2006. Sozialisation: Skizze einer allgemeinen Theorie. Konstanz: UVK). These latent orientations are towards (a) the academic community and (b) the PhD candidate. Both orientations are based on a fragile equilibrium and/or ambivalence of cognitive and social practices in the supervisor–PhD candidate relationship. A bundle of 14 supervision practices (Schneijderberg, C. 2018. Promovieren in den Sozialwissenschaften. Wiesbaden: Springer) is used as an empirical example to theoretically reflect the latent orientations which become manifest in supervision practices. The article shows how the theoretically latent but possibly dominant socialization practices of supervisors geared towards the academic community could collide with the development of PhD candidates’ personality, knowledge and skills, and possibly lead to attrition and drop-out of PhD candidates.

The social anamnesis, conditions of life and life-style of pregnant women with syphilitic infection

The article presents the results of analysis of characteristics of social behavior, life conditions and life-style of pregnant women with syphilitic infection. The sampling included 647 female pregnant patients actually ill with syphilis or having this disease in the past that were accepted to maternity houses of Krasnoyarsk in 2004-2014. The three groups of women with syphilitic infection were organized on the basis of remoteness of diagnosis of disease and results of complex of serological reactions during pregnancy. The presented data testify late diagnostic of mentioned pathology and significant percentage of hidden forms of infection course. The characteristics of "social portrait" of women with syphilitic infection during pregnancy are early beginning of sexual life (prior to 18 years in every 5-6 woman), predominantly school education and specialized secondary education, belonging to working specialties, availability of harmful habits and chronic diseases (about 50%) non-registered marriage. The study established no reliable facts of non-adapted social behavior of pregnant women with syphilis.

Comprehensive analysis of affiliative and agonistic social networks in lactating dairy cattle groups

The social environment of dairy cattle is important for their welfare under modern housing and management conditions. Social tension can negatively affect individuals even in a well-designed and healthy environment whereas affiliative behaviour may improve their well-being. The complex social relationships in a herd can be described comprehensively using network analysis. However, no up-to-date guidelines exist regarding the suitable time scale for assessing affiliative and agonistic behavioural structures in dairy cow groups. Dominance has been studied widely but the role of grooming and the relationships between affiliative and agonistic behaviours are still unclear. Furthermore, no measure exists that combines affiliative and agonistic interactions to describe the complete social experience of cows. In this study, we used video recordings and continuously assessed affiliative and agonistic interactions by all lactating Holstein cows in two groups (11 or 14 cows) during two periods (6 months apart). Based on the results of exploratory analysis for 5 days in one group, we aggregated the interactions over 3 days in each group and period, and analysed directed and weighted social networks for the group as well as individual level assessments of affiliative and agonistic behaviours. The affiliative and agonistic networks had no correlations, indicating that the two behaviours followed different patterns. Individuals in the agonistic networks were tightly connected with several reciprocal displacement relationships, whereas they were loosely connected in affiliative networks and the majority of these relationships were asymmetrical. Cows showed high between-individual variability in terms of their number of interactions and partners, indicating that specific cows had different roles in both social networks. We developed a specific balance index to describe the complete social experience of cows based on received and given affiliative and agonistic interactions. A comparison of the balance index with grooming and dominance indices found no linear associations, which implies that combining affiliative and agonistic behaviours may provide different insights to grooming or dominance alone. All three indices showed a moderate to strong stability over 6 months in the subgroups of cows present during both observation periods, indicating that the cows had stable social behavioural characteristics. Our results highlight the importance of directed networks when studying social relationships in dairy cattle groups. We suggest that the combined analysis of affiliative and agonistic behaviours using a measure such as the balance index might help to better understand how the welfare of individuals is related to the group in which they live.

Knowledge Discovery in Social Research

The paper deals with knowledge discovery tools that represent the formalization of research heuristics for the qualitative analysis of sociological data. The results of studying various forms of constructive social activities of citizens using the JSM Socio intelligent system, which implements the proposed tools, are presented. Significant differences in some characteristics of social behavior of representatives of various nominal groups, in particular, political and civic activists are revealed.

An Investigation of the Relationship between Social Behavior Characteristics and Self-Perceptions of Gifted Children in Primary School

The aim of the present study is to determine the relationship between selfperceptions and social behaviors of gifted primary school children. The target population of the study consists of 874 third and fourth grade students who are from a district on the European side of Istanbul. These students are labeled as gifted according to the Primary Mental Abilities Test (7-11). 368 students (211 girls and 157 boys) participated in the research conducted in 16 primary schools. The Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale was used in the study to determine the self-perception levels while the School Social Behavior Scales (SSBS) was used to assess the social behaviors of the gifted children. According to the findings of the study, it was found that the self-perceptions of gifted children predicted the social competence and antisocial behaviors (p <.01). It was seen that as the children’s self-perception levels increased, their social competence increased (r = .186) and antisocial behaviors decreased (r = .160).

Atp1a3-deficient heterozygous mice show lower rank in the hierarchy and altered social behavior.

Atp1a3 is the Na-pump alpha3 subunit gene expressed mainly in neurons of the brain. Atp1a3-deficient heterozygous mice (Atp1a3+/- ) show altered neurotransmission and deficits of motor function after stress loading. To understand the function of Atp1a3 in a social hierarchy, we evaluated social behaviors (social interaction, aggression, social approach and social dominance) of Atp1a3+/- and compared the rank and hierarchy structure between Atp1a3+/- and wild-type mice within a housing cage using the round-robin tube test and barbering observations. Formation of a hierarchy decreases social conflict and promote social stability within the group. The hierarchical rank is a reflection of social dominance within a cage, which is heritable and can be regulated by specific genes in mice. Here we report: (1) The degree of social interaction but not aggression was lower in Atp1a3+/- than wild-type mice, and Atp1a3+/- approached Atp1a3+/- mice more frequently than wild type. (2) The frequency of barbering was lower in the Atp1a3+/- group than in the wild-type group, while no difference was observed in the mixed-genotype housing condition. (3) Hierarchy formation was not different between Atp1a3+/- and wild type. (4) Atp1a3+/- showed a lower rank in the mixed-genotype housing condition than that in the wild type, indicating that Atp1a3 regulates social dominance. In sum, Atp1a3+/- showed unique social behavior characteristics of lower social interaction and preference to approach the same genotype mice and a lower ranking in the hierarchy.

Pengalaman Guru Bimbingan dan Konseling dalam Menangani Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus

Children with special needs are children who have body and mental disorders. In exceptional education or special education of children with disabilities, addressed to children who are deemed to have deviations from the normal average condition of normal children, in terms of physical, mental, or social behavior characteristics, or children different from the general average, because there are problems in the ability to think, sight, hearing, socialization, and moving. This study aims to get an overview of the experience of Teacher Guidance and Counseling in dealing with children with special needs. This research uses phenomenology design with in-depth interview method. The data collected was the result of interviews and field notes analyzed, this research produced 24 themes. The results describe feelings of acceptance, feelings of anger, feelings of depression, and the burden of time. The handling done by the Teacher Guidance and Counseling shows the purpose and type of needs by using a variety of specific methods. Guidance and Counseling Teachers need social support and infrastructure and have used several sources and forms of support during the handling of Children with Special Needs. Environmental responses require Master Bk to modify the ways in which children with special needs both in teaching and learning systems cover various barriers, curricula and teaching materials, problem-solving co-operation, student ratings, flexibility, accountability.