Characteristics Of Resources Research Articles

Conventional Natural Gas Project Investment and Decision Making under Multiple Uncertainties

Similar to many energy projects, the evaluation of investments in natural gas projects is influenced by technical and economic uncertainties. These uncertainties include natural resource characteristics, production, decline laws, prices, taxes, benchmark yield, and so on. In China, conventional natural gas is still the dominant energy source. The investors are mainly large state-owned energy companies. Therefore, it is necessary to include the technical and economic uncertainties, as well as the investment decision and optimization problems of the enterprises in a unified analytical framework. To this end, this paper innovatively constructs such a framework. Using numerical simulations of approaches, the process of investment decision optimization by companies based on technology assessment and price forecasting is visualized in detail. The results suggest that the investment decision of the enterprise needs to consider technical and economic uncertainties in an integrated manner. It also needs to combine the business strategy and social responsibility of the enterprise in order to construct the objective function. With the availability of data, the framework and its algorithms can be used for practical evaluation of investment plans and decision supports for conventional natural gas projects. The framework can also integrate the analytical perspective of the macroeconomic and political environment to bring in a more comprehensive range of uncertainties.

Data fusion‐driven difference analysis of farming culture between China and Japan

The difference in farming culture is the basis for the exchange, reference, and integration of agricultural culture. We propose a method based on data fusion and extraction method for analyzing differences in farming culture between China and Japan in this paper. Specifically, we designed a farming culture difference analysis model based on deep learning technology and improved algorithm. We combined deep neural network and particle swarm algorithm to design and improve the analysis model of farming culture difference. Firstly, we introduce in detail the designed analysis model based on deep learning, namely BP neural network. Secondly, we adopt the particle swarm algorithm (PSO) to improve and upgrade the defects of the BP neural network model. The experimental and comparative analysis of the results shows the characteristics of China's vast land and abundant resources and the characteristics of Japan, an island country with limited cultivated land.

Task bottlenecks and resource bottlenecks: A holistic examination of task systems through an organization design lens

AbstractResearch SummaryUsing an organization design lens, we explore how key characteristics of both task systems and their associated resources may benefit firms. We unpack task system interdependencies by studying the interaction of decentralization and complexity, examining resource fungibility and resource slack, and exploring their joint alignment. Our context is the scheduled U.S. passenger airline industry over two decades. Results show that firm performance improves when (a) task system decentralization and complexity are aligned, either more or less of both; (b) having both resource fungibility and resource slack, not simply more of one or the other; and (c) aligning less decentralized and less complex task systems with fungible and available resources. Our findings underscore the importance of holistically managing tasks and resources to minimize bottlenecks within organizations.Managerial SummaryEliminating bottlenecks can help firms improve performance. Our study focuses on two types of bottlenecks—task system bottlenecks stemming from the design of activities and resource bottlenecks, created when necessary resources are already in use or available resources are not applicable. Our results show that firms benefit when task system properties of decentralization and complexity are aligned and when firms' resources are both fungible and available; these characteristics also reinforce each other. Thus, managers should be aware of both task system properties and resource characteristics to avoid bottlenecks, so that the tasks to which the resources are applied can be completed. In addition, managers should ensure to have available and fungible resources at their disposal, especially when organizations have a centralized and less complex design.

Mismatched Property Rights and Natural Resource Use: A Case Study of Grassland Resources on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Over the past few decades, there has been considerable discussion about Hardin’s tragedy of the commons in natural resource management literature. Although the privatization of property rights can alleviate the tragedy, the land fragmentation caused by privatization can impair the sustainable use of natural resources, resulting in mismatched property rights. This study used the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau’s grassland resources to analyze the causes, consequences, and possible solutions of the property rights mismatches. Our findings support that if property rights systems of natural resources mismatch the characteristics of resources, or their bundles of rights do not reflect the complementary with other resources, property rights mismatches will occur. Our findings further reveal that the privatization of property rights based on the spatial boundaries of the resource system will strengthen the spatial exclusivity of resource use, resulting in property rights mismatches, while the mixed property rights can achieve matching with the characteristics of the resource system and resource units.

Wetland Ecological Restoration and Payment for Ecosystem Service Standard: A Case Study of Ganjiangyuan National Wetland Park

Wetland resources in wetland parks are unique natural resources. Discussing the ecological restoration and compensation standards of wetland parks plays an important guiding role in the construction of wetland protection systems. Based on the characteristics of wetland resources, using wetland ecosystem evaluation, ecosystem services evaluation, alternative cost, and conditional value methods, nine secondary indices were determined to evaluate the ecosystem services of Ganjiangyuan National Wetland Park. The results are as follows: (1) Ganjiangyuan National Wetland Park ecosystem evaluation result was “excellent,” the ecosystem service value of the wetland park is 43,922,014.39 yuan/hm2·year, among which the hydrology regulation value is the largest (19,257,869.14 yuan/hm2·year) and the food production value is the smallest (12,900.76 yuan/hm2·year). (2) The ecological restoration of Ganjiangyuan National Wetland Park should be based on improvements in hydrological regulations, waste treatment, entertainment culture, and biodiversity conservation. In conjunction with the strategic needs of wetland protection and social economy, wetland park restoration can contribute to urban development. (3) The upper and lower limits of the ecological compensation standard in the study area were calculated to be 310.49 and 257.87 yuan/hm2·year, respectively. Research shows that the ecosystem service value of wetland parks is huge, especially in terms of water conservation and waste treatment. It is necessary to pay attention to ecological benefits while reaping the economic benefits of wetland parks. Therefore, the results of this study provide a theoretical reference for the ecological compensation of wetland parks.

МЕТОД ПІДТВЕРДЖЕННЯ РЕСУРСНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК МЕТАЛЕВОЇ ЛОПАТІ НЕСУЧОГО ГВИНТА ВЕРТОЛЬОТА ЗА РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМИ ВИПРОБУВАНЬ

The helicopter main rotor blade is the basic product that determines the reliability and service life of the helicopter as a whole. The problem of predicting and ensuring the specified blade life is an urgent problem considered at the stage of its design. The analysis of the design, structural materials and design and technological solutions of the main rotor blade (RB) of the Mi-8 helicopter has been carried out. A brief description of the main rotor blade of the Mi-8 helicopter is presented. The analysis was carried out and a standard flight cycle (SFC) of the helicopter was developed. The type of bench equipment for carrying out bench fatigue tests of the blade has been selected and justified. The loads on the main rotor blade for the SFC are determined. To determine the fatigue life of a blade, it is necessary to know the characteristics of the stress-strain state. The calculation of the stress-strain state (SSS) of a blade by the finite element method (FEM) using the ANSYS system is presented. The characteristics of the stress-strain state of the spar of the regular and irregular parts of the rotor blade of a helicopter are determined using the ANSYS system. The use of numerical methods for calculating the characteristics of the stress-strain state can significantly reduce the time and cost of designing a blade. The paper presents the results of calculating the regular part of the main rotor blade of the Mi-8 helicopter in the hover mode in the case of its loading with aerodynamic and inertial load from rotation, as well as the force from its own weight. With the help of the ANSYS system, a finite element model of the regular part of the blade was developed, consisting of a set of beam elements of variable section, a calculation was carried out taking into account the geometric nonlinearity of the structure's behavior, and an analysis of the results obtained was carried out. To describe the response of materials to an external action, a model of an elastically deformable isotropic body was used with the assignment of the corresponding elastic constants of the material. The analysis of the calculation results includes the determination of reactions at the attachment points, the values of the maximum displacements of structural elements and stresses in dangerous sections. Dangerous sections are determined and the values of the longitudinal force and bending moment in these sections are calculated. The assessment of the static strength of the blade by the safety factor was carried out. When evaluating the static strength, the equivalent stresses according to Mises were considered as the maximum design stresses. To assess the fatigue strength, we analyzed the distribution of the main tensile stresses in the power elements over typical stress concentrators. The maximum level of the main tensile stresses in the dangerous section indicates that the blade material operates in the zone of high-cycle fatigue. A technique for calibrating strain gauge channels has been developed. The calculation of the characteristics of the rotor blade of a helicopter is based on the requirements set forth in the technical literature, regulatory documents. When performing work, the requirements of the Aviation Rules, Part 29 (AP - 29) were taken into account. These studies were the basis for the development of a method for confirming the resource characteristics of a helicopter main rotor blade based on the results of flight and bench tests.

Medium- and Long-Term Wind-Power Forecasts, Considering Regional Similarities

Accurate and efficient medium- and long-term forecasts of wind power can provide technical support for the efficient development and utilization of wind resources. Considering the regional characteristics of wind resources, the regional-similarity factor was introduced into the study of wind-power forecasting, and, to assess the long-term dependence of wind power, the long-short-term-memory method was selected for medium- and long-term forecasting of wind-power trends in a case study carried out in Northwest China. The results showed that the forecasting error of the presented method was reduced by an average of 20.80%, compared with the forecasting of individual stations, which verified the effectiveness of considering the regional characteristics in wind-resource prediction. Different area-division methods resulted in different effects on prediction accuracy. This study provides a new approach and a reference for medium- and long-term wind-resource prediction.

Accumulation of flavonoids in the <i>Epilobium angustifolium</i> L. raw material depending on the places of collection and part of the plant

The aim. Today we are witnessing the actualization of research on plant sources for the pharmaceutical and food industries. It is caused by a significant increase in demand for these types of resources. Therefore, a variety of case studies aimed at identifying the characteristics of plant resources, are becoming more actual too. In accordance with this need, the present work aims to identify a relationship between the content of flavonoids in the raw material of such important source of plant raw material as Epilobium angustifolium and soil and climatic conditions and group of raw materials.Methods. At the first stage of this work were applied cartographic, geographical methods and methods of geobotanical description of phytocenoses to determine the most suitable locations for the purposes of the study. At the second stage were applied the method of spectrophotometry to determine the amount of flavonoids in terms of rutin and the method of correlation analysis.Results. As a result of the application of these methods were obtained data on the content of flavonoids in the Epilobium angustifolium raw materials, collected in various soil and climatic conditions, as well as in various morphological groups of raw materials. These data were compared by the method of correlation analysis and after that a positive correlation between the content of flavonoids in the leaves and inflorescences of Epilobium angustifolium was found.Conclusion. It was determined, that the content of flavonoids fluctuation, depending on the Epilobium angustifolium place of growth, was 2.05% in the leaves and 2.5% in the inflorescences of this plant. An average positive correlation of 0.65 was found between the content of flavonoids in the leaf and inflorescences of Epilobium angustifolium. However, the correlation between the content of flavonoids and the latitude of Epilobium angustifolium growth wasn’t identified.

Geophysical Characterisation and Oil–Gas Resource Analysis of the Southern Huaying Mountain Fault Zone, Sichuan Basin, China

As the west rim of an ejective fold zone, the Huaying Mountain fault zone (HMFZ) in the eastern Sichuan Basin (SB) plays an important role in the tectonic evolution of the SB. The distribution and characteristics of HMFZ are strongly associated with tectonic activities and have greatly impacted the distribution of oil and gas reservoirs. However, its distribution and characteristics have remained poorly understood due to a lack of geophysical data, especially areal gravity survey and magnetotellurics (MT) survey, which are admittedly advantageous for detecting the edges of geological structures. Therefore, we carried out the ground geophysical surveys that areal gravity survey and MT survey, and acquired 1:250,000-scale real gravity data and MT data for the first time in this area. Optimized edge-detection methods were adopted to process the areal gravity data, allowing us to characterize the planar distribution of faults more reliably and convincingly. We found that the southern HMFZ is well developed and primarily trends in NNE and NE, whereas the subordinate faults trend in N-S and W-E. Vertical information for the faults extracted using the improved depth from the extreme points method revealed that the fault dominantly dipped to the SE, which was consistent with the results of MT inversion. Based on the spatial distribution of the faults, we further discussed the gravity anomaly, fault distribution, Luzhou palaeo uplift, and the distribution and characteristics of oil-gas resources, and found the convincing evidence to analysis the distribution of oil and gas resources in this region.

Analisa Karakteristik Sumber Daya Manusia yang Memiliki SKA/SKT pada Jasa Konstruksi di Kota Jambi

Construction project resources consist of several types including human resources, human resources are the only resources that have reason, feelings, desires, knowledge skills, encouragement, power and work. Construction services law No. 2 of 2017, requires that every construction worker working in the construction services sector is required to have a Work Competency Certificate. This study aims to examine the characteristics of human resources in construction services and analyze what factors influence so that HR does not have SKA/SKT in construction services. The method in this study is a quantitative method which has several stages, starting from the collection of primary data and secondary data. The sample studied is construction workers who work for companies that are members of the Perkindo regional board association, Jambi Province. The results of the research revealed that the characteristics of human resources who have SKA/SKT in construction services in Jambi City in terms of gender are dominated by men (83.36%), in terms of the latest education, it is dominated by undergraduates (83.36%). , in terms of age, it is dominated by the age of 26-35 years (36.36%), and in terms of length of work experience is dominated by 10 years (45.45%). While the most influencing factors so that construction HR does not have SKA/SKT are the following factors: SKA/SKT only requirements for Tender/SBU have an average value of 3.36, The number of requirements that must be met in making SKA/SKT has an average value of 3, 32, Does not guarantee an increase in wages/salaries if you have SKA/SKT, has an average score of 3.27.

Effects of glycation methods on the interfacial behavior and emulsifying performance of soy protein isolate-gum Arabic conjugates

Glycated conjugation of plant protein such as soy protein isolate (SPI) with saccharides is one popular strategy to modify the physicochemical characteristics of these plant protein resources, which may be affected by the glycation methods including dry-heating and wet-heating. In this study, the impact of these two glycation methods on the rheological and emulsifying properties of a binary system made by SPI-gum Arabic (GA) was studied. The results indicated that dry-heating conjugates had higher viscosity and more elastic characteristics than those wet-heating conjugates. The emulsifying properties of SPI-GA conjugates by different preparation routes were evaluated by various oil phases including eugenol, cinnamaldehyde and soybean oil. Overall, emulsions stabilized by dry-heating conjugates showed lower zeta-potential value than those with wet heating conjugates. The interfacial properties of these conjugates were compared using soybean oil emulsion as a model. Higher emulsifying ability and stability were obtained by emulsions with dry-heating conjugates, which was attributed to their more compact structures, higher protein adsorption capacity and thicker viscoelastic films formed at the interface, and therefore enhanced electrostatic repulsion between droplets. The findings in this study are useful for fabrication and utilization of protein-polysaccharide glycation conjugates as emulsifiers in functional foods.

Intraday rolling optimal dispatch model of power system considering supply-demand interaction

The participation of demand-side resources in grid operation and regulation, in coordination with the generation side, can jointly ensure a stable supply of electricity. The application of control technology in the energy field makes demand-side resource control methods more flexible and intelligent, thus providing a technical guarantee for demand-side resources to participate in the power market. This paper discusses the interaction between demand-side resources and the generation side and establishes an intraday rolling optimal dispatch model for demand-side resources. Finally, it is demonstrated through simulation that refining the multi-dimensional response characteristics of demand-side resources in the intraday dispatch model can improve the operational economy of the system and the flexibility of the scheduling model to cope with uncertainties.

Our Checkered Past

ABSTRACTDespite advocacy of landscape approaches in cultural resource management (CRM) and critiques of the site concept, CRM data collection methods in the western United States continue to focus on individual archaeological sites as units of observation, analysis, and management. The transect-recording unit (TRU) method strikes a balance between conventional site-based recording methods and site-less survey approaches by dividing survey space into a grid of uniformly sized cells for recording all cultural manifestations observed across a survey area. TRU survey generates site boundaries required by CRM regulations while retaining a fine-grained spatial framework for landscape-level research and management. This article discusses the technical requirements of the TRU system and its potential for improving landscape-level research and management. Advances in digital recording technologies and analysis techniques render the method efficient and effective in identifying cultural resource distributions and characteristics otherwise obscured by conventional approaches. The research and management potential of the TRU system is illustrated through identification and interpretation of precontact foot trails in New Mexico's Tularosa Basin. These trails are essentially invisible during pedestrian survey but are readily identifiable as linear patterns using aggregated landscape-scale TRU survey data from multiple survey projects, providing novel insight into precontact routes of movement and exchange.

Hydrochemistry, Sources and Management of Fracturing Flowback Fluid in Tight Sandstone Gasfield in Sulige Gasfield (China)

Hydraulic fracturing technologies have been frequently utilized in the oil and gas industry as exploration and development efforts have progressed, resulting in a significant increase in the extraction of natural gas and petroleum from low-permeability reservoirs. However, hydraulic fracturing requires a large amount of freshwater, and the process results in the production of large volumes of flowback water along with natural gas. In this study, three tight sandstone gas wells were fractured in the Sulige gasfield (China), and a total of 103 flowback fluid samples were collected. The hydrochemical characteristics, water quality and sources of hydrochemical components in the flowback fluid were discussed. The results show that the flowback fluid is characterized by high salinity (Total dissolved solids (TDS) up to 38,268mg/L, Cl- up to 24,000mg/L), high concentrations of metal ions (e.g., Fe, Sr2+, Ba2+) and high chemical oxygen demand (COD). The flowback fluid is a complex mixture of fracturing fluid and formation water, and its composition is impacted by water-rock interactions that occur during hydraulic fracturing. The major contaminants include COD, Fe, Ba2+, Cl-, Mn and pH, which constitute a high risk of environmental pollution. Meanwhile, chemical elements such as K, Ba and Sr are unusually enriched in the flowback fluid, which has an excellent potential for recycle of chemical elements. The Sulige gasfield's flowback fluid recovery methods and treatment scenarios were discussed, taking into consideration the pollution and resource characteristics of the flowback fluid. Options for dealing with the flowback fluid include deep well reinjection, reuse for making up fracturing fluid, recycling of chemical elements and diverse reuse of flowback water. This research offers guidance for managing the fracturing flowback fluid in unconventional oil and gas fields.

Understanding Chinese children’s word reading by considering the factors from cognitive, psychological and ecological factors

Reading is a complex activity that is related to factors from the cognitive, ecological, and psychological domains. However, few studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying word learning by including the factors from the three domains in Chinese children. One hundred and ninety-four Chinese first graders completed tasks on cognitive abilities and word reading ability and a questionnaire relating to the psychological domain, their parents answered questionnaires relating to the psychological and ecological domains. The cognitive factors in the present study involved general (i.e., working memory) and reading-specific (i.e., vocabulary and morphological awareness) abilities. As ecological factors, the parent-reported family socioeconomic status (SES) and home literacy environment (HLE) were used to indicate parents’ resource characteristics of the literacy interactions at home. As psychological factors, an overall mental status was measured by the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised and reading self-efficacy were used to indicate children’s demand and force characteristics in the literacy interactions. The results of path analysis showed that, after controlling for age and nonverbal intelligence, the reading-specific cognitive abilities had a direct effect on word reading. Working memory, HLE, and reading self-efficacy contributed to word reading through the reading-specific cognitive abilities. Family SES facilitated HLE, which subsequently benefited the reading-specific cognitive abilities, and then assisted word reading.

A quantitative evaluation of judicial justice in civil cases with Chinese free trade zone enterprises as the plaintiff

Justice is the primary criterion for evaluating the law. Chinese free trade zones aim to attract foreign investment and promote economic development efficiency, but their judicial reform goal still needs to be justice. Given the importance of balancing justice and efficiency, this study assesses whether the judiciary sacrifices justice for the sake of economic efficiency in civil cases with Chinese free trade zone enterprises acting as the plaintiff. By introducing commercial factors such as enterprise subject and legal resource characteristics into a theoretical model, this study develops a hierarchical regression model to investigate the judicial process in free trade zones. This study statistically analyzes data from judgments and enterprises' public information, quantitatively evaluating the realization of judicial justice. This study finds: First, plaintiffs’ violated rights and interests have been protected and compensated, that is, the judicial result has been just; Second, judicial practice in this field has the characteristics of neutrality, equality, participation, and openness and adheres to the principle of “the same case has the same judgment”, that is, the judicial procedure has been just. Accordingly, this study argues that judicial justice has not given way to economic efficiencies, such as attracting foreign investment, in cases with Chinese free trade zone enterprises as the plaintiff.

Research on Recommendation System of Online Chinese Learning Resources Based on Multiple Collaborative Filtering Algorithms (RSOCLR)

This study is an innovative study on intelligent online language teaching that is based on the development of online Chinese learning resources and learner needs. The recommendation technology of collaborative filtering algorithm is used to find, analyze and recommend online Chinese learning resources that meet the needs of learners and teachers. This study assists learners and teachers in quickly searching for various learning resources under specified conditions, analyzing the resources obtained in detail, and providing results based on machine learning and big data sample analysis. The research is structured as follows to highlight the characteristics of Chinese learning resources and the personalized demand orientation of recommendation results: (1) Based on the personalized demand orientation of learners’ language learning and the goal oriented theoretical standards of Chinese teaching, a recommendation system based on multiple collaborative filtering hybrid algorithms is designed; (2) Evaluate the operation of the recommendation system using teaching practice; (3) This article investigates the influence of online language learning from technical factors and the operation mechanism of Chinese learning resource recommendation. The results of the experiments show that this hybrid approach has some advantages when it comes to recommending Chinese learning resources. HIGHLIGHTS A system for recommendating online Chinese learning resources is constructed. The recommendation results based on learners’ personalized needs and learning goal oriented design have high accuracy. The recommendation system based on hybrid mode has a high recommendation effect. The recommendation system can find and predict learners’ learning needs. Cultural differences, mental states, and learning psychology from evaluators may lead to differences in recommendation results.

Isotopic and Hydrochemical Characteristics of the Changqing-Xiaolipu Water Resource, Jinan, Eastern China: Implications for Water Resources in the Yellow River Basin

The Yellow River has played an indispensable role in supporting Chinese civilization because it provides water resources and rich soil for agriculture. This study analyzes the major ions and the isotopic ratios of the hydrogen (δD), oxygen (δ18O), and carbon (14C) of groundwater samples to identify the sources of recharge and the impact of the Yellow River on the Changqing-Xiaolipu karst aquifer. The major ion/Cl− ratios generally follow the mixing line between the Yellow River and the karst groundwater recharge in the southern mountain areas, indicating the importance of mixing under natural influences in the Yellow River Basin. The dominant hydrochemical type of karst groundwater is Ca·Mg-HCO3·SO4, whereas that of Yellow River water is Ca·Na·Mg-SO4·Cl. Most karst groundwater consists of 10–30% Yellow River water, indicating that the water resources of the Yellow River Basin are generally supplemented by the Yellow River. Therefore, the Yellow River must be considered during the characterization of the chemistry and budget of water resources in the Yellow River Basin.

Forest Land Resource Information Acquisition with Sentinel-2 Image Utilizing Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest, Decision Trees and Multi-Layer Perceptron

Forestry work involves scientific management and the effective utilization of forest land resources, and finding economical, efficient and accurate acquisition methods for forest land resource information. In previous land-use classification research, machine learning algorithms have achieved good results, and Sentinel public data have been used in various remote sensing applications. However, there is a paucity of research using these data to evaluate the performance of machine learning algorithms in the extracting of complex forest land resource information. Using the Sentinel-2 satellite multispectral image data, the spectral reflectance, vegetation index characteristics and image texture characteristics of different forest land resources in the study area were calculated and compared. Then, based on three groups of features, the performances of the Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Random Forest (RF), decision trees (DT) and Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) were examined and compared to identify and classify forest land resource types. The research indicates the following: (1) The SVM algorithm achieved the highest OA (95.8%). The average accuracy of the SVM algorithm was much higher than other algorithms (SVM 88.3%, KNN 87.5, RF 85.3%, MLP 85.00% and DT 77.5%). (2) The classification accuracies of each algorithm for coniferous forests were relatively high, and the recognition accuracy was above 95%, whereas the classification accuracies of the other categories varied greatly. (3) Adding texture features can improve the accuracy of the five algorithms. This study reports new references for the qualitative methods of forest land resource distribution. It has also produced more efficient and accurate acquisitions of forest land resource information, scientific management and effective use of forest land resources.

Decentralized and coordinated scheduling model of interconnected multi-microgrid based on virtual energy storage

The joint coordinated optimization scheduling of multi-microgrid can reduce the risk of accommodation of renewable energy and the operation costs. In this paper, a decentralized and coordinated scheduling method of interconnected multi-microgrid based on virtual energy storage is proposed. Firstly, the microgrid is modelled as a virtual energy storage model, and the demand and supply are packaged into the charge and discharge states of the virtual energy storage model for information privacy of microgrid. Secondly, the probability characteristics of renewable energy prediction error and system flexible resource are used to quantify the operation risk of microgrid and the available charge and discharge power. The decentralized and coordinated scheduling method contains two-levels optimization model to optimize the power of tie-line and virtual energy storage. The upper is the central coordinate controller scheduling model, and the lower is the optimization scheduling model of sub-microgrid. The analytical target cascading is used to decouple the established upper and lower level models for independent optimization and solution. The proposed scheduling model ensures independent operation of each microgrid, and realizes decentralized autonomy and centralized coordinated management of multi-microgrid. Case studies demonstrate the correctness and a well economy of the proposed scheduling method.