Characteristics Of Pulp Research Articles

EFFECTS OF TOTAL CHLORINE FREE (TCF) BLEACHING ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHEMI MECHANICAL (CMP) PULP AND PAPER FROM MALAYSIAN DURIAN (DURIO ZIBETHINUS MURR.) RIND

The effects of bleaching process on the characteristics of pulp and paper produced from durian rind under chemi‑mechanical pulping (CMP) method were investigated. All process and characteristic tests were conducted according to Malaysian International Organisation for Standardization (MS ISO) and Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI). Three (3) stages of peroxide (P‑P‑P) bleaching sequence through the Total Chlorine Free (TCF) bleaching process were applied to the unbeaten and unbleached durian rind CMP pulp. Bleached CMP durian rind pulp drainage time (32s) decreased (faster) and CSF freeness level (172.50ml) increased as compared to a control pulp. It was obtained that overall optical (brightness (66.36 %)) and mechanical characteristics (tensile index (38.33 Nm/g), tearing index (7.56 mN.m2/g), bursting index (2.42 kPa.m2/g), and number of folds (43)) of durian rind CMP 60 gsm paper sheet improved as the TCF bleaching process was applied to the unbleached CMP durian rind pulp.

INDICADORES PRELIMINARES DE MADUREZ FISIOLÓGICA Y COMPORTAMIENTO POSTCOSECHA DEL FRUTO DE AGUACATE MÉNDEZ

El aguacate (Persea americana) Méndez tiene gran importancia económica en México, porque gran parte de su cosecha anual se realiza entre junio y septiembre, periodo de poca disponibilidad de fruto de Hass. Aunque la producción y exportación de Méndez se ha incrementado en los últimos años, se desconocen los requisitos mínimos de calidad, como los existentes en Hass. El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar algunos parámetros de calidad, a la cosecha y en postcosecha, de frutos producidos por la floración de verano-otoño de los aguacates Hass y Méndez en Michoacán. La madurez fisiológica se determinó mediante el comportamiento postcosecha de frutos cosechados en muestreos quincenales de mayo a agosto. En madurez fisiológica se cuantificó la respiración y producción de etileno en frutos refrigerados (5.5 ± 2 ºC y 90 ± 5 % HR) por 0, 7, 14 y 28 d. La madurez fisiológica fue diferente (P ≤ 0.05) entre los dos cultivares y se alcanzó 10 meses después de floración, Hass mostró 21.1 % de materia seca en la pulpa (MS) y Méndez con 22.7 %. Aunque la longitud de los frutos de ambos cultivares fue similar, el diámetro ecuatorial fue mayor en Méndez (6.72 cm) que en Hass (6.42 cm). El comportamiento postcosecha de Méndez en términos de cambio de color de la piel, producción de etileno, velocidad de respiración, días a madurez de consumo y pérdida de peso del fruto; así como en color, olor, sabor y textura de la pulpa fue similar al de Hass cuando los frutos de ambos cultivares fueron cosechados en madurez fisiológica

Cellulose pulp produced from bulrush fiber

ABSTRACT: Brazil continues to use wood as the principal raw material source for the pulp industry; although, non-wood fibers have been revealed to be a competent substitute to produce paper with different and exceptional properties. Keeping this in focus, this study aimed to assess potential of Schoenoplectus californicus fibers (C. A. Mey.) Soják, commonly identified as bulrush or reed, in cellulosic pulp generation, as an alternative fiber source for the pulp and paper industry. On analyzing the chemical composition of reed fibers, extractives of lignin, carbohydrates, uronic acids and minerals were reported. Physico-chemical characteristics of reed-based cellulosic pulp were estimated including viscosity, hexenuronic acids, etc., as well as anatomical features of length, width, etc. From the chemical analyses of the reed the presence of high concentrations of extractives and silica was clear, making them unfit as raw material for cellulosic pulp production. Pulp kraft pulping process produced brown pulps low in viscosity (34.5m Pa.s) and hexenuronic acid content. Reed is thus classifiable as short-fiber source for pulp and paper industries.

Applicability of Non-wood Fibers from Empty Fruit Bunch and Palm Frond for Packaging Paper

EFB (Empty fruit bunch) and palm frond are abundant materials generated from palm oil industry in Indonesia or Malaysia. In view of papermaking, EFB and palm frond can be considered as raw materials for high value-added packaging paper although they are incinerated as useless trash now. Therefore, properties of pulps obtained from EFB and palm frond by kraft pulping were analyzed in order to evaluate usability of the pulps. Fiber length and width of EFB pulp were lower than that of KOCC. Whereas fiber characteristics of palm frond pulp were similar to that of KOCC. Yield of EFB and palm frond were 34.72% and 27.66%. However, yield of palm frond pulp was enhanced by pretreatment with hot water since soluble carbohydrate were dissolved. Apparent density and air resistance of handsheets made of EFB or palm frond were better than that of KOCC. In addition, tensile strength, tensile strain, and tensile energy absorption of handsheets made of EFB or palm were significantly good. Unfortunately, all properties of fibers and handsheets decreased by drying EFB pulp due to hornification. As a consequence, this study showed that never-dried EFB or palm frond pulp might be appled to papermaking process for packaging paper.

Physicochemical and functional characteristics of residual pulp of potato

Abstract Starch-rich liquid effluent is generated after peeling, cutting and washing of tubers during the fries processing. After sedimentation of this effluent is recovered a wet residual pulp, and after drying is obtained dry residual pulp or simply named in this study residual pulp of potato (RPP). In order to convert the effluent into a material easy to store for long periods (such as the potato starch), which would make it suitable for various applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the drying conditions, specifically variables temperature and air flow on the drying time and water activity, pH, titratable acidity, instrumental colour parameters, water absorption index, water solubility index and oil absorption capacity of dry RPP. Central Composite Design was used, with temperature levels from 50.0 to 70.0 °C and air flow from 0.06 to 0.092 m 3 m –2 s –1 . Temperature and airflow affected the study characteristics, except for lightness (L*), water solubility index and oil absorption capacity. It was concluded that milder conditions (lower temperatures) and intermediate air flow resulted in higher-quality final products (lighter, less acidic), although requiring higher drying time. Therefore, depending on the product application, different drying conditions can be used.

Effect of Fluff Pulp Characteristics on the Efficiency of Gas Grafting by Fatty Acid Chloride

Effect of Fluff Pulp Characteristics on the Efficiency of Gas Grafting by Fatty Acid Chloride

Application of biocides in the process of sucrose extraction from sugar beet: Effect on sucrose content, number of Leuconostoc colonies and wet pulp characteristics

This research investigated the application of different extraction biocides in the sugar beet processing stages. The simulation of industrial processes of sugar beet extraction and beet pulp pressing is conducted using the laboratory-scale equipment. Statistical significance analysis of influence of input factors on observed responses is performed by response surface method (Box-Behnken design). Special interest was dedicated to the biocide influence on the wet pulp pressability characteristics. Multiple effects of application of chlorine dioxide on quality parameters of intermediates (diffusion juice sucrose content and number of Leuconostoc colonies, wet pulp pressability) are compared to the standard biocides used in sugar industry. Results indicate that the application of chlorine dioxide corresponded with the best pulp pressing characteristics with 5–15% more efficient mechanical dewatering of the wet pulp compared to the other samples, significantly affecting the potential energy consumption. The use of chlorine dioxide lowered the potential energy consumption in the range from 168 to 335 MJ per tonne of wet pulp. All the biocides used in this study showed remarkable biocide effectiveness against mesophilic bacteria Leuconostoc mesenteroides reducing the number of colonies in the range from 82 to 99%.

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF MUSKMELON WINE: EFFECT OF DILUTION OF PULP, DAHP, PECTINESTERASE ENZYME AND CITRIC ACID ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND SENSORY QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS

An attempt has been made to study the effect of dilution, addition of diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAHP), pectinesterase enzyme and citric acid on the fermentability, physico-chemical and sensory quality characteristics of muskmelon wine. Initial physico-chemical characteristics of the muskmelon pulp showed that it is an average source of sugars and a good source of phenols, which make it more suitable as fermentation media. Out of the two dilutions, fermentation of 1:1 dilution of muskmelon pulp gave good fermentability, physico-chemical and sensory characteristics except fermentation efficiency and amino acid content. Fermentability, physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of muskmelon wine was found to be affected significantly by the addition of DAHP in the must. The addition of pectinesterase enzyme significantly effected fermentability, physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of the muskmelon wine except pH, titratable acidity and amino acid content. Addition of citric acid in the must did not show any drastic impact on the quality of muskmelon wine. Clustering of the data showed that muskmelon wine prepared using 1:1 dilution of pulp with the addition of DAHP and pectinesterase enzyme fell in one cluster, whereas, the rest of the wines fell in the other cluster. Physico-chemical characteristics and variables of muskmelon wine were reduced to two principal components using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) that accounted for 89.02% and 98.03% variation respectively. It is concluded that 1:1 dilution of muskmelon pulp, with the addition of DAHP, pectinesterase enzyme and citric acid can be successfully used for the preparation of good quality muskmelon wine.

Normal, inflammation and necrosis pulp radiograph image using 3D cone beam computed tomography

Introduction: Abnormalities of the dental pulp can have several different diagnoses. Therefore, the dental pulp characteristics must be known in more detail and clear so that diagnosis be established more precisely and accurately. One characteristic of the pulp can be seen from the density value through the 3D Cone Beam Computed Tomography (3D CBCT). Methods: The study was conducted with a simple descriptive method. The population is all the data 3D CBCT of patients who visited the Universitas Padjadjaran Dental Hospital (RSGM Unpad) in 2012. Samples of the research were 75 pulps with normal, inflammation, and necrosis conditions and calculate the average density value. Results: Density values for dental pulps in the normal teeth between 465 - 775 HU, the inflammation teeth between 243.5 - 396 HU, and necrosis teeth between - 461.5 - -170 HU. Conclusion: There are differences in dental pulp density between the normal pulp, inflammation and necrosis through 3D CBCT.

Elucidating soda and soda-anthraquinone pulping characteristics of Korean bamboo species

Elucidating soda and soda-anthraquinone pulping characteristics of Korean bamboo species

Improvement on the concentrated grape juice physico-chemical characteristics by an enzymatic treatment and Membrane Separation Processes.

In this work, the improvement on the concentrated grape juice physico-chemical characteristics by using an enzymatic treatment followed by Membrane Separation Process (MSP) has been investigated. By using Novozym 33095(r) and Ultrazym AFP L(r) enzymes varying three operating parameters, the best result on the grape pulp characteristics was attained for the Novozym 33095(r) performed at 35oC, 15 min. and 50 mgL-1. In micro/ultra filtration processes after enzymatic pretreatment, the best performance of the MSP with high permeate flux value and suitable grape juice characteristics was attained using 0.05 mm membrane pore size, 1 bar pressure and 40 oC treatment temperature. When reverse osmosis process is operated at 40 bar and 40oC, high soluble solid and low turbidity values are attained. An enzymatic treatment along with MSP has shown an alternative and efficient grape juice processing system, being possible to extend to other foods.

The Effects of Frothers and Particles on the Characteristics of Pulp and Froth Properties in Flotation—A Critical Review

The pulp and froth zones are the main components of froth flotation as it defines both quality of the end product and overall efficiency. The importance of the properties of the two zones, which include pulp hydrodynamics, froth bubble coalescence rate, water overflow rate, air recovery, etc., is being increasingly recognized. The properties are depending not only on the type and concentration of the frother but also on the nature and amount of the particles present in the flotation system, and as well as the frother-particle interactions and potentially of bubble-particle interactions. To date, there is no specific criterion to quantify pulp and froth properties through the interactions between frothers and particles because the various related mechanisms occurring in the pulp and froth are not fully understood. Linking the properties to the metallurgical performance is also challenged. In order to better understand the effect of these issues in flotation, in this review paper, the past and recently published articles relevant to characterizations of pulp and froth properties are widely reviewed; the findings and the gap of knowledge in this area are highlighted for further research.

Effect of storage temperature and duration on quality of stored pulp of ‘Ofra’ strawberry

The present investigation was carried out with the objective to find out the effect of different treatments on preservation of strawberry pulp at ambient and low storage temperature condition. The samples were pasteurized at 100 degreeC for 15 minutes (T1), preserved with sodium benzoate 250 ppm (T2) and sodium benzoate 500 ppm (T3). The respective samples were stored for two months at room (25+-5 degreeC) and low (7+-2 degreeC) temperature conditions and various physic-chemical characteristics were recorded at three days interval. The total soluble solids, ascorbic acid and anthocyanin decreased and acidity increased in the stored pulp at room temperature and finally spoiled completely on 18th day of storage. However, in TSS, in acidity increased and ascorbic acid and anthocyanin decreased at low temperature upto 60 days of storage. Among the treatments, sodium benzoate @ 500 ppm was found to be the most effective which maintained the qualitative characteristics of preserved pulp at low (7+-2 degreeC) temperature condition up to the 60 days of storage.

Português

The umbu is the umbuzeiro fruit ( Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam.) which is a tree native of the Brazilian backlands. The aim of this work was to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of commercial and concentrated umbu pulp to be used as raw material in the production of structured. The commercial pulp (2.5 kg) was acquired in the trade of Feira de Santana. The concentration of the evaporator route pulp vacuo to increase the soluble solids content of 8.5oBrix to 15.5oBrix It was held in the Food Chemistry Laboratory of the State University of Feira de Santana. It was obtained after concentrating a yield of 41.12% by mass of fruit pulp. The concentration process had no influence in the nutritional value of umbu pulp. The concentrated pulp had the following properties pH (2.43), soluble solids (15.5°Brix), acidity (3.11 g citric acid/100 g), total protein (1.28% - w/v), vitamin C (4.36 mg/100 g - w/v), reducing sugars (6.08% - w/v), total sugars (13.55% - w/v) non reducing sugars (7.46% - w/v) and ash (0.42% - w/v). The physicochemical characteristics of commercial umbu pulps had similar pH, Total Soluble Solids, acidity, proteins and ashes; higher values of reducing sugars and non-reducing and a lower vitamin C content that the pulps reported in the literature. The concentration process produced an increase in Total Soluble Solids, proteins, acidity, reducing and non reducing sugars and ash content. However there was a decrease in vitamin C concentration of the pulp.

Immunohistochemical Expression of TGF-β1 and Osteonectin in engineered and Ca(OH)2-repaired human pulp tissues.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and osteonectin (ON) in pulp-like tissues developed by tissue engineering and to compare it with the expression of these proteins in pulps treated with Ca(OH)2 therapy. Tooth slices were obtained from non-carious human third molars under sterile procedures. The residual periodontal and pulp soft tissues were removed. Empty pulp spaces of the tooth slice were filled with sodium chloride particles (250-425 µm). PLLA solubilized in 5% chloroform was applied over the salt particles. The tooth slice/scaffold (TS/S) set was stored overnight and then rinsed thoroughly to wash out the salt. Scaffolds were previously sterilized with ethanol (100-70°) and washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). TS/S was treated with 10% EDTA and seeded with dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). Then, TS/S was implanted into the dorsum of immunodeficient mice for 28 days. Human third molars previously treated with Ca(OH)2 for 90 days were also evaluated. Samples were prepared and submitted to histological and immunohistochemical (with anti-TGF-β1, 1:100 and anti-ON, 1:350) analyses. After 28 days, TS/S showed morphological characteristics similar to those observed in dental pulp treated with Ca(OH)2. Ca(OH)2-treated pulps showed the usual repaired pulp characteristics. In TS/S, newly formed tissues and pre-dentin was colored, which elucidated the expression of TGF-β1 and ON. Immunohistochemistry staining of Ca(OH)2-treated pulps showed the same expression patterns. The extracellular matrix displayed a fibrillar pattern under both conditions. Regenerative events in the pulp seem to follow a similar pattern of TGF-β1 and ON expression as the repair processes.

Effect of storage temperature and duration on sugar content and sensory acceptability of strawberry pulp

Experiment was conducted to study the effect of different treatments on preservation of strawberry pulp at ambient and low storage temperature condition. The samples were pasteurized at 100°C for 15 minutes (T1), sodium benzoate 250 ppm (T2) and sodium benzoate 500 ppm (T3). The respective samples were stored for two months at room (25±5°C) and low (7±2°C) temperature conditions and reducing sugars; total sugar and sensory evaluation were recorded at three days of interval period. The results showed that the total sugar (%) increased in pulp sample maximum in T6 (5.9%) and minimum in T1 (4.8%), the maximum value regarding reducing sugars was recorded in T6 (4.9%) and minimum in T1 (1.4%) after 60th days of storage. However, reducing sugars and total sugar decreased in the stored pulp at room temperature and spoiled completely on 18th day of storage. The acceptability of organoleptic score decrease with the duration of storage in both ambient and low temperature. Among different treatments, sodium benzoate @ 500 ppm was found most effective and maintained the qualitative characteristics of preserved pulp at low (7±2°C) temperature condition. In future, these experimental results may prove very useful for storage of strawberry pulp for longer duration in better quality.

Assessment of quality parameters and microbial characteristics of Cape gooseberry pulp (Physalis peruviana L.) subjected to high hydrostatic pressure treatment

The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on dietary fiber, total phenolic (TPC), vitamin B and E contents, antioxidant capacity (AC) and microbiological characteristics of gooseberry pulp immediately after processing (300–400–500MPa/1–3–5min) and after 30 days of storage at 4°C. Initially, treatment at 300MPa/1min reduced the microbial counts to non-detectable levels (<1.0logCFU/g). An increased of soluble dietary fiber was observed for all the treatments compared to control samples. Moreover, a notable increase in B3 and B6 contents were observed respect to control samples. After refrigerated storage, the insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) to soluble dietary fiber (SDF) ratios were similar to those presented at Day 0. Although the values of TPC were lower than at Day 0, an increasing tendency due to treatments was observed. Regarding antioxidant capacity, maximum values were observed at 500MPa/5min. Retentions higher than 84% for (β+γ)-tocopherols and α-tocopherols were reported. Therefore, HHP technology seems to be a good option for microbiological stabilization of gooseberry pulp, while it may also preserve the most quality this pulp including nutritional, antioxidant and physicochemical aspects.

The effect of eucalypt tree overaging on pulping and paper properties

Overaged trees of Eucalyptus globulus were evaluated to determine their aptitude for pulping with industrial chips as reference. The overaged wood was separated into sapwood and heartwood. Compared with industrial chips, the overaged E. globulus heartwood and sapwood contained approximately 1.5 times more extractives (3.8 vs. 5.2 and 5.9 %), similar amounts of lignin (21.4 vs. 23.3 and 19.9 %) and the holocellulose ranged from 69.5 % (heartwood) to 74.5 % (industrial chips). Overaged heartwood and sapwood produced kraft pulps with 44.6 % yields (48.4 % from industrial chips). The unbeaten pulps from overaged heartwood and sapwood compared with industrial chips have wider cells (19.5–20.7 vs. 17.7 µm), and higher coarseness (0.066–0.097 vs. 0.060 mg m−1) and more primary fines (27.4–27.5 vs. 16.6 %). Overaged wood produced handsheets with lower bulk density and higher water retention value (2.25–2.93 vs. 1.12 g/g). The refining behavior was similar as well as the tensile and tear strength development. The results show that overaged E. globulus trees with large diameters may be introduced into the pulp feedstock without extensive impacts on the pulp characteristics.

The characteristics of the hydrotropic Miscanthus pulp

The characteristics of the Miscanthus pulp obtained by hydrotropic processing under different conditions were studied. The pulping conditions were optimized to achieve the 42.3% yield of the pulp (lignin content 6.1%, pentosan content 6.4%, and ash content 3.0%). The hydrotrope selectively solubilizes lignin; the delignification is closely associated with the primary dissolution of carbohydrates.

Effects of Kneading Concentration on Characteristics of HwBKP Fibers

In this study, effects of kneading concentration on characteristics of hardwood bleached kraft pulp (HwBKP) fibers were elucidated. A laboratory two-shaft kneader was utilized for kneading. Kneading concentration was varied in the range of 15-30% (w/w) and the number of kneading treatment was adjusted between 0 and 6 passes. It was found that kneading concentration influenced fiber characteristics. At 15% of pulp concentration, fiber length slightly increased with increasing the number of kneading passes, while other morphological properties such as fiber width and curl decreased: fiber straightening occurred. In addition, the increase in WRV and the decrease in CSF were the largest at 15% kneading concentration, meanings that fibrillation mainly occurred. In contrast, at higher kneading concentration exceeding 20%, fiber deformation like curl was mainly occurred. Also, at kneading concentration of 20% and 30%, fiber length decreased with the number of kneading passes while other morphological properties such as fiber width, and WRV increased. Severe fiber entanglement was found at 30% kneading, which shall be removed during papermaking.