Diesel Engine Characteristics Research Articles

Prediction of the Performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using diphenylamine Antioxidant and ceria nanoparticle additives with biodiesel based on machine learning

This study explores the impact of incorporating antioxidants diphenylamine (DPA) and nanoparticle ceria (CeO2) into Jatropha biodiesel (B30) blend on engine performance and exhaust emissions. The fuel blends utilized in this study consists of diesel, B30, B30 with 100 ppm of antioxidant diphenylamine (B30+DPA100), and B30 with 50 ppm of antioxidant diphenylamine and 50 ppm of nanoparticle ceria (B30+DPA50+CeO250). The experiments were designed using the design of experiment methodology, and they were conducted using various fuels to assess both engine performance and exhaust emissions characteristics. Further, machine learning algorithms (multilayer perceptron, random forest regression, and K-nearest neighbors) has been employed to develop a model for accurately predicting experimental outcomes. The K-nearest neighbors model surpassed the multilayer perceptron and random forest regression models, demonstrating a higher coefficient of determination value and precise outcome predictions. The experimental results reveal that adding antioxidants diphenylamine and nanoparticles ceria at 50 ppm to B30 significantly reduced nitrogen oxides emissions. Compared to B30, B30+DPA50+CeO250 showed a 6.35 % decrease in brake specific fuel consumption and an 8.68 % reduction in nitrogen oxides emissions. However, there was a slight increase of 5.74 % in brake thermal efficiency. Additionally, B30+DPA50+CeO250 exhibited a 2.54 % reduction in maximum cylinder pressure compared to B30.

Investigation into the Impact of Piston Bowl Size on Diesel Engine Characteristics with Changes in Fuel Injection Pressure and Boost Pressure

This study presents the effects of piston bowl size on the characteristics of a four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine, which is considered in relation to changes in factors such as fuel injection pressure and turbocharger pressure. The study was carried out by 3D modeling using AVL Fire with an omega combustion chamber size and dimensions determined by the ratio between the diameter and depth of the piston bowl, which varies from 3.4 to 10.0. Additionally, the turbocharger pressure varies from 0.15 to 0.45 MPa at an engine speed of 1400 rpm and fuel injection pressure up to 300 MPa. The results show that the engine reaches the best values of indicated power, fuel efficiency, and a substantial decrease in emissions of nitrogen oxides at a turbocharger pressure from 0.25 to 0.35 MPa and with a ratio of the diameter to the depth from 7.8 to 10. However, the injection angle changes slightly, and the penetration depth and the tip velocity decrease with increasing boost pressure. While the piston bowl parameters only impact significantly on the tip velocity, the penetration and the spray angle are almost unchanged. In addition, the variation in the diameter of the combustion chamber has an influence on the fluctuation of the spray tip velocity and penetration.

Role of hydrogen-enrichment for in-direct diesel engine behaviours fuelled with the diesel-waste biodiesel blends

Carbon footprint indicates the total amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere by individuals, institutions and countries. The widespread use of fossil fuels is a big player which increases the carbon footprint. Therefore, switching to sustainable alternatives in energy production and consumption is an effective step in combating climate change, as well as efforts to prevent the depletion of fossil fuels. In this regard, although biodiesels offer a solution to the depletion of fossil fuels, with this advantage, the effects of production processes and use on environmental sustainability should be taken into consideration. Many scientific studies have shown that engine performance remains below standards with biodiesel. The availability of hydrogen as an energy carrier in cylinder to overcome the above-mentioned negative situations has recently become a popular topic for fuel researchers. In this work, the diesel-biodiesel fuels were blended proportionally and tested on a three-cylinder water-cooled in-direct diesel engine at varying loads (15, 30, 45, and 60 Nm) and a constant engine speed of 2200 rpm for observing the effects of test fuels on combustion, performance, and emissions characteristics of diesel engine. First of all, conventional diesel fuel (D) was used to obtain reference data, and then B20 fuel obtained by mixing waste cooking oil with 20 % by volume of diesel fuel was used. The remaining 4 fuels are test fuels obtained by giving hydrogen from the intake manifold at different flow rates (10, 20, 30, and 40 L/min) in addition to B20 fuel. These fuels are called B20 + 10 Lpm H2, B20 + 20 Lpm H2, B20 + 30 Lpm H2 and B20 + 40 Lpm H2, respectively. As a result, the BSFC of B20 fuel increased by 8.78 % compared to diesel fuel, and then the addition of hydrogen dropped the BSFC value by 8.8 %, 13.02 %, 17.16 %, and 22.12 % for B20 + 10 Lpm H2, B20 + 20 Lpm H2, B20 + 30 Lpm H2, and B20 + 40 Lpm H2, respectively. Hydrogen enrichment also had a positive impact on BTE. Although the BTE dropped by 6.14 % in B20 fuel compared to diesel, it increased by 4.51 %, 5.05 %, 5.62 %, and 7.12 % in B20 + 10 Lpm H2, B20 + 20 Lpm H2, B20 + 30 Lpm H2 and B20 + 40 Lpm H2 fuels, respectively. The addition of 10, 20, 30, and 40 Lpm H2 to B20 fuel reduced NOx emissions by 31.25 %, 33.08 %, 38.87 %, and 41.46 %, respectively, and also reduced CO emissions by 17.47 %, 30.73 %, 51.8 % and 59.04 % respectively.

Influence of Hydrogen induction on performance and emission characteristics of an agricultural diesel engine fuelled with cultured Scenedesmus obliquus from industrial waste

The use of microalgae in waste water treatment has been recognised as crucial for managing and treating effluent from industrial sources. Present study used Scenedesmus obliquus (SO) strains in industrial waste cultured medium, grown algae were collected and dried, further with dried mass to algae bio fuel by transesterification process. Four fuel blends were created by adjusting the SO concentration from 10% to 40% by volume. Then SO blend was examined with impact of hydrogen induction on compression ignition engine. The addition of H2 to SO biodiesel enhances its net calorific value because of its high calorific content.Adding H2-inducted SO proportion to diesel reduces HC, NOx, and CO levels, with a negligible performance dip. At full loads, SO40 showed a significant improvement in emission levels, with a 19.81% reduction in NOx, a 51 ppm drop in HC and 1.146% dropobserved in CO compared to diesel. For the SO10 mix, BTE and BSEC were found to be 2.86% and 2103.77 kJ/kW-hr, respectively, superior to other SO blends. Subsequently, it is of crucial significance to acknowledge the significance of the potential those microalgaeprovides for the production of sustainable energy through the reprocessing of industrial effluents.

A comparative investigation of the operating performance and emission characteristics of various diesel engines driving the firefighting pump

The investigation of engines with different performances driving the same load-consuming device is necessary for practical applications. In this paper, three diesel engines with varying capacities for driving the same firefighting pump for high-rise residential buildings were studied and compared for their performance, combustion parameters, and emissions by the simulation method. The AVL BOOST software is utilized to establish theoretical combustion models for these engines. The operating balance point of each engine is determined, and the appropriate transmission ratio of the drive train system is proposed to be applied. The results show that the working partial load modes of Model 1 at 91 % engine load and 2970 rpm, Model 2 at 74 % engine load and 2960 rpm, and Model 3 at 57 % engine load and 2490 rpm. The engine works in its higher load mode, producing higher brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), higher NOx and CO emissions, lower soot formation, and vice versa. The engine operates at its lower load, resulting in decreased BSFC, less NOx and CO emissions, and more soot generation. The results suggest that Model 2 in the present work is the option that can balance the factors of engine power, initial investment cost, fuel consumption economics, and emissions. The findings obtained from this work are the scientific foundations to support the design of the firefighting pump systems when considering comprehensive factors of technical technology, investment cost, and environmental consideration.

Enhancement of combustion, performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines fuelled with jatropha-karanja biodiesel using EGM and TGME as additive

The oxygenated additives can improve the physical properties of biodiesel blends to achieve enhanced characteristics of a diesel engine. The present work has investigated ethylene glycol monoacetate (EGM) and tri-ethylene glycol mono-methyl ether (TGME) as potential additives for the jatropha-karanja dual blended biodiesel for improved characteristics of diesel engines. The experiments have been conducted with a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine operating at constant speed of 1500 rpm. The performance, emission and combustion parameters of the engine were investigated with pure diesel, jatropha-karanja dual blended biodiesel having 20 % of methyl ester and the biodiesel added with 2, 4, and 6 % of both the additives respectively. The doping of additives improved the brake thermal efficiency by 4.1 and 4.7 % with brake specific fuel consumption dropped by 0.18 and 0.2 kg/kWh. The additives reduced the hydrocarbon emission by 29.8 % and carbon monoxide by 40 % with a slight increase in NOx emission by 5.2 %. The cylinder pressure attained value near to pure diesel while the heat release rate increased by 12.6 % indicating proper fuel combustion inside the engine cylinder. Thus, the oxygenated additives can suitably be adopted as performance improvers in biodiesel fuels for automotive engines.

Effect of exhaust gas recirculation on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine with hydrogen fuel and nano additives

One of the most popular techniques for reducing emissions, in particular nitrogen oxide (NOX), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and particulate matter (PM), is exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). In an EGR system, the intake manifold is used to re-introduce some of the exhaust gases into the combustion chamber. Diesel engine performance could be enhanced by employing the right number of nano additives. Nano additions aid in increasing efficiency when using hydro fuel. The following systems are impacted by the use of EGR: brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), diesel engine combustion characteristics, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), engine speed, CO2 and HC emissions, turbocharged diesel engine performance characteristics, fuels, temperature, and on EGR.

Improving environmental indicators of the wheeled tractor diesel engine by using biofuels

The object of this study is the process of operation of a diesel engine in a wheeled tractor on methyl ether of spent frying sunflower oil. The task being solved is to improve the environmental performance of a diesel engine in a wheeled tractor during the operation of its diesel on such biodiesel fuel and its mixtures with mineral diesel fuel. The characteristics of the diesel D-243 were determined by the experimental method with the measurement of the toxicity of the waste gases during its operation on the methyl ether of the spent sunflower oil, mineral fuel, and their mixtures. A decrease in the content of soot in diesel exhaust gases and a slight increase in the types of nitrogen oxides was registered. The theoretical method using a mathematical model determined the indicators of a wheeled tractor during its movement with a trailer for the accepted driving cycle and the operation of its diesel on different fuels. To that end, the characteristics of a specific diesel engine were described by polynomial models. The adequacy of the mathematical model of the movement of a tractor with a trailer over a driving cycle was tested. By means of a mathematical model, the total road emissions of harmful substances of a diesel engine were calculated when the tractor is running with a trailer over the accepted driving cycle. Calculations were performed for two types of fuel: mineral diesel fuel and biodiesel fuel. Biofuel consumption increases by almost 10 % compared to diesel fuel. The total emissions of harmful substances are 1.1 times lower in a diesel engine running on biofuel than when using mineral fuel. The results could be used in the operation of technological transport in the industry and agriculture provided there is a sufficient volume of raw materials for the production of biofuel

Assessment of performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of single cylinder diesel engine fuelled by pyrolysis oil + CeO2 nanoparticles and 1-butanol blends

This experimental work focused on trials on diesel engines using Pyrolysis blends. The novelty in this work is the addition of cerium oxide additives with 1-butanol as an ignitor. The blends used were D100, 90D7WPO3B + 25 ppm CeO2, 85D10WPO5B + 50 ppm CeO2, 80D13WPO7 + 75 ppm CeO2 and 100WPO + 100 ppm CeO2. The results were outstanding as BTE is good for the fuel 90D7WPO3B + 25 ppm CeO2 by 36.2%, which is 12.25% greater than diesel, BSFC is better for the blend 90D7WPO3B + 25 ppm CeO2 by 0.22 kg/kWh, and maximum in-cylinder pressure obtained for 90D7WPO3B + 25 ppm CeO2 blend rated as 66.45bar; and maximum HRR is obtained for 85D10WPO5B + 50 ppm CeO2 blends by 84 J/ deg CA, BSEC of 85D10WPO5B + 50 ppm CeO2 blend is lower next only to diesel by 12.5 KJ/kWh, NOX emission minimum for 100WPO + 100 ppm CeO2 blends rate of 12 g/kWh, 14.2% lower than diesel, and lowest CO is attained for blend 80D13WPO7 + 75 ppm CeO2 blends at a rate of 0.8 g/kWh, 27.7% less than diesel, CO2 is minimum for blend 80D13WPO7 + 75 ppm CeO2 rate of 5 g/kWh; 18.03% less than diesel and HC is minimum for blend 100WPO + 100 ppm CeO2 blend rate of 0.18 kg/kWh; Which is 40% lower than diesel.

Exploitation of Annona reticulata leaf extract for the synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles as catalyst for the production of biodiesel using seed oil thereof

Annona reticulata plant components such as leaves and seeds are successfully employed as low-cost and environmentally-safe sustainable materials for the synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles and biodiesel production. The synthesized CeO2 NPs worked well as a catalyst to convert A. reticulata oil into biodiesel. At a methanol to oil molar ratio of 8.97:1, a catalyst (CeO2 NPs) loading of 2.97 wt %, and reaction time of 56.4 min, the maximum 96.8 % biodiesel yield was attained. A pseudo-first-order reaction with activation energy (Ea) of 49.77 kJ/mol and a frequency factor (A) of 1.8 x 105 min−1 is consistent with the Annona reticulata methyl ester (ARME) production. The performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines were found to be significantly impacted by the use of CeO2 NPs. While the BSFC of ARME20CeO250 and ARME20CeO2100 decreased by 2.04 % and 5.10 %, respectively, the BTE of ARME20CeO250 and ARME20CeO2100 increased by 1.8 % and 2.41 %, in contrast to ARME20 at maximum load. When CeO2 nano-additive (100 ppm) is added to the ARME20 blend, the CO, HC, and NOx are reduced by 42 %, 35.59 %, and 5.94 %, respectively, in comparison to the ARME20 fuel. Thus, the A. reticulata plant may be seen as an eco-friendly source from its leaves extract, and the oil extracted from its seeds may be used as a feedstock for the effective production of biodiesel.

Effect of Ammonia Addition on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Under Various Operating Conditions

ABSTRACT Ammonia is a carbon-free alternative fuel and a hydrogen carrier. Ammonia diesel dual fuel (ADDF) combustion mode is one of the promising ways to reduce carbon emissions in CI engines. However, present researches are mainly based on combustion and emissions for naturally aspirated diesel engine under specific operating condition. This paper aims to illustrate the impacts of replacing diesel with ammonia in a turbocharged diesel engine under various operating conditions. Hence, the effects of various ammonia substitution rate (ASR) on combustion and emission characteristics are numerically investigate by using GT-Power software for nine groups of different operating conditions with low, medium and high speeds and loads. Results show maximum 70% of input energy can be provided by ammonia for nine groups of different operating conditions, and the brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) and the indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) increases with the increase of ASR. Secondly, increasing ASR decreases the peak cylinder pressure (PCP) under different operating conditions, but increases the maximum pressure rise rate (MPRR) at certain operating conditions. Among them, under medium-speed and high-load conditions, the MPRR reaches the highest value, about 0.587 MPa/(°CA), but does not exceed 0.6 MPa/(°CA). Thirdly, increasing ASR changes the combustion mode from diffusion combustion in pure diesel operation to premixed combustion in dual fuel mode. Finally, adding ammonia reduces the NOx, CO and HC emissions, and the decrease is 15.2%–43.2%, 76.2%–82.3%, 70%–79.6%, respectively.

Design and verification of diesel generator exhaust muffler

The exhaust muffler is one of the most effective methods to control the exhaust noise of diesel generator. In this paper, a new type of impedance composite muffler is designed for the spectral characteristics of diesel engines and the shortcomings of existing mufflers. The main idea of the design is to reasonably design the key structures such as the length-diameter ratio, the insert-pipe, and the sound-absorbing material of the muffler under the condition of keeping the shape unchanged and low cost, so as to achieve the broadband noise reduction performance and improve the working efficiency of the diesel engine. The basic structure of the designed muffler is introduced. The transmission loss and pressure loss are numerically simulated and analyzed by finite element method, and the experimental verification is carried out. The results show that the structural parameters of the muffler have little effect on the transmission loss in the low frequency range, and the influence is more obvious in the middle- and high-frequency range. Compared with the existing muffler, the designed muffler significantly improves the noise reduction performance and reduces the exhaust back pressure.

A machine learning-response surface optimization approach to enhance the performance of diesel engine using novel blends of Aloe vera biodiesel with MWCNT nanoparticles and hydrogen

This study aims to optimize the performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a dual-fuel diesel engine using wastewater-derived oxyhydrogen and nanoparticle-dispersed biodiesel/diesel blends. A Box Behnken Design (BBD) with L46 orthogonal arrays is employed to experiment with five factors and three levels of parameters: engine load, compression ratio, blend ratio, nanoparticle concentration, and oxyhydrogen (HHO) flow rate. In addition, six different machine learning algorithms (DTR, ABR, ETR, GBR, LGBM, and XGBR) are used to develop a prognostic model based on the acquired experimental data. These models estimate key performance indicators such as BTE, BSFC, CO, HC, and NOx. Based on the evaluation of performance indicators, including R2 (0.9729–0.9991), RMSE (0.0021–4.5765), MAE (0.0014–3.0015), and MAPE (2.37–4.83), the XGBR model demonstrates the most accurate predictions. Furthermore, the RSM-based desirability approach evaluates the trade-off between performance and emissions, thereby identifying the optimal engine operating condition. This condition includes a load of 7.17 kg, a compression ratio of 18:1, a blend ratio of 10 %, a nanoparticle concentration of 143 ppm, and an HHO flow rate of 5.57 L/min. The findings from the RSM analysis are validated through experimental investigation, demonstrating an error margin of 7 %. Overall, the introduction of oxyhydrogen improves combustion in a nanoparticle-dispersed biodiesel-diesel blend-powered diesel engine, resulting in increased engine performance and reduced carbon-based emissions, except for nitrogen oxide emissions.

Имитационная модель поезда для учета влияния ветровых нагрузок

Objective: this article is devoted to the problem of regulation of fuel resources for train traction in the presence of variable factors affecting consumption. As an example, the wind-dependent section of the Privolzhskaya railway Pallasovka–Verkhniy Baskunchak was considered, using simulation modeling, the presence of the influence of variable factors on fuel consumption, which are often standard-setting. To propose a methodology for their practical accounting in locomotive depots. Methods: the article proposes a train simulation model to take into account the influence of wind loads. For this purpose, the traction electric drive of a diesel locomotive with direct-alternating current transmission was presented as a speed controller that maintains the movement of the train at a constant speed equal to the technical average. To determine fuel consumption in order to determine the reliability of the results obtained and the possibility of comparison with experimental statistical values, the electromechanical characteristics of the ED133 traction motor, the GS501 generator and the operational characteristics of the D49 diesel engine were used. Results: as a result of modeling the operation of the diesel locomotive power plant, the values of absolute and specific fuel consumption were obtained. The results obtained have a high degree of reliability, as evidenced by earlier statistical data. Practical significance: the results obtained once again demonstrated the influence of wind on train traction, and on wind-dependent sections of railways they are standard-forming. The considered model can be applied for the purpose of rationing the consumption of fuel and energy resources in the presence of variable factors affecting consumption.

Advancements in homogeneous charge compression ignition technology: Efficiency, emissions, and applications in the modern automotive industry

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) technology is a novel approach in internal combustion engines that combines the efficiency of gasoline engines with the spontaneous ignition characteristics of diesel engines. HCCI engines offer cleaner emissions, reduced noise, and wider fuel adaptability, overcoming many drawbacks of traditional engines. The paper explores the HCCI combustion process, highlighting its unique features and advantages over spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines. It also discusses innovations in HCCI technology, including its combination with other strategies like spark-controlled compression ignition (SCCI) and low-temperature combustion (LTC) to expand its load range. The challenges of HCCI technology, especially in combustion timing control, are addressed, along with suggestions for future research directions. The application of HCCI technology for energy savings and emission reduction and its impact on the automotive industry are also discussed, citing examples from manufacturers like Volvo, Nissan, and General Motors. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of ongoing research, integration with other technologies, and financial support to further advance HCCI technology and its market potential.

Emission and performance investigation of mango seed oil biodiesel supplied with n-pentanol and n-hexanol additives and optimization of fuel blends using modified deep neural network

Abstract In this study, the emission and performance characteristics of single-cylinder diesel engines were tested using various biodiesel blends prepared by mixing diesel with mango seed oil biodiesel (MSOB). Furthermore, the effect of n-amyl and n-hexanol alcohol additions on the performance and emission results of manufactured biodiesel blends is investigated and compared with diesel fuel. On the other hand, a hybrid deep neural network (DNN) based on the manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO) method is developed to forecast ideal biodiesel blends in order to reduce emissions from diesel engines while improving performance. The optimal brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) for this study were 32.3916 % for 75 % diesel + 20 % MSOB + 5 % n-hexanol fuel and 0.0453 kg/kWh for 75 % diesel + 20 % MSOB + 5 % n-amyl fuel, respectively. The optimal emissions from the test engine were 0.1034 % CO from 60 % diesel + 20 % MSOB + 20 % n-hexanol and 28.886 ppm HC from 75 % diesel + 20 % MSOB + 5 % n-hexanol fuel. The optimal smoke and NO x levels are achieved with a blend of 60 % diesel, 20 % MSOB, 5 % n-amyl, and 5 % n-hexane. Moreover, the developed DNN-MRFO achieved 0.9979, 0.9992 and 0.9975 overall regression coefficients during training, validation and testing. The root mean square error (RMSE) of DNN-MRFO also ranges from 0.019 to 0.032.

Numerical Analysis of the Effects of Fuel Injection Duration and Spray Angle on the Combustion Process in a Compression Ignition Engine

The changes in injection strategies for diesel engines have a major impact on the performance and pollutant emission characteristics of diesel engines. If injection strategies like injection duration, injection timing, injection pressure and spray angle are properly adjusted, combustion can be improved. The engine performance will increase and emissions will decrease with the combustion improvement. In this work, the influences of injection duration and spray angle on the combustion characteristics of single cylinder, natural aspirated, electronically controlled injection, compression ignition engine were investigated. In the first stage of the work, experiments were executed on a single cylinder CI engine using a Cussons P8160 DC dynamometer. After the experiments, the piston bowl geometry of the engine was modeled and numerical simulation studies were achieved at 7 different injection durations and 7 different spray angles using Converge CFD software. As a result of this study, it was observed that there is a good match between experimental and simulation data of heat release rate (HRR) and in-cylinder pressure. In-cylinder pressure decreased with longer injection duration. The highest max. in-cylinder pressure was roughly 101.0 bar at 4°CA injection duration and the lowest max. in-cylinder pressure was roughly 82.0 bar at 10°CA injection duration. When the HRR data were analyzed, it was seen that as the injection duration increased, the amount of heat released by combustion decreased. When examining the results of the spray angle analysis, it was concluded that there were not very large differences in-cylinder pressure and HRR data, and there was a difference of 1.4 bar between the highest and lowest max. in-cylinder pressure values. In addition, the highest in-cylinder pressure of approximately 86.7 bar was obtained at a spray angle of 77°. It was observed that the CA50 value was obtained at angles closer to the top dead center by increasing the spray angle and decreasing the injection duration. Moreover, the longest combustion durations were realized at 60° spray angle and 10°CA injection duration.

A Taguchi-based hybrid multi-criteria decision-making approach for optimization of performance characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with blends of biodiesel-diesel and cerium oxide nano-additive

Given the pressing demand and ongoing necessity for fossil fuels, there is an imperative to actively seek alternative resources to replace petroleum-based fuels. The presents study considers a problem of experimentally investigating the effect of varying levels of important input parameters of a diesel engine fuelled with a novel blend of biodiesel-diesel and cerium oxide nano-additive on the sustainable performance characteristics of a diesel engine. Four input parameters, i.e., blend percentage (B in %), nanoparticle concentration (NPC in ppm), engine load (LD in %) and ignition pressure (IP in bar) each at four levels are considered. Experiments are conducted as per the Taguchi’s L16 standard orthogonal array and for each experiment, performance parameters (such as Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC)), emission measures (Carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), unburnt hydrocarbons (UBHC) and Vibration level (VL)) of the diesel engine are collected. A hybrid multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach, i.e., integrated MEREC-MARCOS method along with signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of mean (ANOM) is employed to determine optimal setting of the input parameters that yield optimal multiple performance characteristics. The results reveal that B at 40%, NPC at 80 ppm, LD at 50% and IP at 200 bar is the optimal setting of the input parameters that produce optimum values of the output responses considered simultaneously. Further, results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) show that Nanoparticle concentration percentage contribution is the maximum (79.63%) followed by engine load (8.40%), ignition pressure (6.28%), and blend percentage (2.11%). The optimization results are: BTE is 32.87%, BSEC is 0.285, CO is 0.018%, NOx is 559.6 ppm, UBHC is 28.1 ppm and VL= 19.57m2/sec which were validated with a confirmation test. Henceforth, such hybrid fuels provide sustainable energy solutions and environmental conservation simultaneously addressing the current and future demands.

Experiment investigation on Momordica Charantia biodiesel in CRDI engine with cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoadditives

Most of the transportation fuel is diesel. This type of fuel is widely used and helps the economy by providing high combustion efficiency and affordability. The goal of this study was to analyse the performance and characteristics of a multi-cylinder diesel engine utilising a rail direct injection system and fuel that's composed of 20% momordica. The addition of cerium oxide nanoparticles in the fuel mass fractions of 20 and 40 ppm was performed using an ultrasonicator and a mechanical homogeniser. These small particles help improve fuel stability and prevent injector blockages. By adding cerium oxide nanoparticles to the biodiesel–diesel blend, brake thermal efficiency and heat release rate were also improved. At full load, the MC20 emits 12.341 g/kW h of HC and 84 HSU of smoke, compared to 9.021 g/kW h and 52 HSU for the CONP 40 blended MC20. It is recommended to use cerium oxide nanoparticles at a concentration of 40 ppm for optimal performance, emission combustion, and characteristic enhancement.

Design assessment of the range of permissible operation modes of a marine two-stroke diesel engine

In the practice of operating marine diesel engines, as a limiting characteristic for mechanical stress, a characteristic corresponding to a constant effective torque, which is proportional to the average effective pressure, is used. There is no such unambiguity regarding the restrictive characteristics of thermal intensity. Limitations on the thermal stress of a diesel engine depend on its design features and the efficiency of the cooling system of the cylinder-piston group. At the diesel engine design stage, it is important to assess in advance whether the operational characteristics correspond to the technical specifications.
 The work carried out computational and theoretical studies of the operational parameters of the main marine two-stroke diesel engine operating according to the screw characteristic, which affect its mechanical and thermal stress, and determined the expected limiting characteristics of the mechanical and thermal stress. The studies were carried out for wide ranges of changes in the weight coefficient of the screw characteristics and the relative power of the diesel engine. The estimated design ranges of diesel operating modes are given, excluding its mechanical and thermal overload, and an assessment of the permissible weighting of the screw characteristics is given. The results obtained were compared with the characteristics of a marine four-stroke diesel engine.