Abstract
Most of the transportation fuel is diesel. This type of fuel is widely used and helps the economy by providing high combustion efficiency and affordability. The goal of this study was to analyse the performance and characteristics of a multi-cylinder diesel engine utilising a rail direct injection system and fuel that's composed of 20% momordica. The addition of cerium oxide nanoparticles in the fuel mass fractions of 20 and 40 ppm was performed using an ultrasonicator and a mechanical homogeniser. These small particles help improve fuel stability and prevent injector blockages. By adding cerium oxide nanoparticles to the biodiesel–diesel blend, brake thermal efficiency and heat release rate were also improved. At full load, the MC20 emits 12.341 g/kW h of HC and 84 HSU of smoke, compared to 9.021 g/kW h and 52 HSU for the CONP 40 blended MC20. It is recommended to use cerium oxide nanoparticles at a concentration of 40 ppm for optimal performance, emission combustion, and characteristic enhancement.
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