Composition Characteristics Research Articles

Characteristics of carbon isotopic composition of alkane gas in large gas fields in China

Exploration and development of large gas fields is an important way for a country to rapidly develop its natural gas industry. From 1991 to 2020, China discovered 68 new large gas fields, boosting its annual gas output to 1 925×108 m3 in 2020, making it the fourth largest gas-producing country in the world. Based on 1696 molecular components and carbon isotopic composition data of alkane gas in 70 large gas fields in China, the characteristics of carbon isotopic composition of alkane gas in large gas fields in China were obtained. The lightest and average values of δ13C1, δ13C2, δ13C3 and δ13C4 become heavier with increasing carbon number, while the heaviest values of δ13C1, δ13C2, δ13C3 and δ13C4 become lighter with increasing carbon number. The δ13C1 values of large gas fields in China range from −71.2‰ to −11.4‰ (specifically, from −71.2‰ to −56.4‰ for bacterial gas, from −54.4‰ to −21.6‰ for oil-related gas, from −49.3‰ to −18.9‰ for coal-derived gas, and from −35.6‰ to −11.4‰ for abiogenic gas). Based on these data, the δ13C1 chart of large gas fields in China was plotted. Moreover, the δ13C1 values of natural gas in China range from −107.1‰ to −8.9‰, specifically, from −107.1‰ to −55.1‰ for bacterial gas, from −54.4‰ to −21.6‰ for oil-related gas, from −49.3‰ to −13.3‰ for coal-derived gas, and from −36.2‰ to −8.9‰ for abiogenic gas. Based on these data, the δ13C1 chart of natural gas in China was plotted.

Chitosan/Alginate nanocomposites containing magnetic nanoparticles and multi-wall carbon nanotubes for efficient iron sorption

The widespread presence of iron pollution in groundwater is a major global worry, as increased levels can lead to severe health hazards. To tackle this urgent problem, we engaged in a synthesis procedure where magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were combined with a mixture of chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (Alg) to produce a magnetic composite material. This novel composite, known as CS/Alg/MNPs/CNTs, was crafted with the primary aim of effectively removing iron from groundwater through adsorption. A thorough physicochemical analysis using FTIR, SEM, PSA, XRD, DSC, and TGA confirmed the composition's characteristics. The study delved into the influence of parameters such as retention time, sorbent dose, initial Fe concentration, pH, agitation rate, and temperature on the adsorption process. The Langmuir isotherm model fittingly represented the adsorption data, indicating a monolayer coverage of 12.43mg/g and aligning with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Additionally, the adsorption of iron ions by the composite material was identified as a endothermic process. Furthermore, the study highlights the sorption process's inherent spontaneity and survivability, as demonstrated by the negative ΔG value. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the magnetic composite adsorbent (CS/Alg/MNPs/CNTs) holds considerable promise for effectively removing iron ions from groundwater, making it a viable and attractive choice for use in water purification applications.

Synchronous modification of ZIF-67 with cyclomatrix polyphosphazene coating for efficient flame retardancy and mechanical reinforcement of epoxy resin

Cyclomatrix polyphosphazenes have attracted widespread attention in the field of polymer flame retardancy. Nevertheless, the optimal manifestation of their distinctive structural attributes and flame-retardant properties necessitates a judicious selection of condensation monomers and synergistic templates during the fabrication of polyphosphazene flame retardants. In our previous studies, it was discovered that when ZIF-67 is functionalized with polyphosphazene, the by-product HCl from phosphazene polycondensation causes etching on ZIF-67. Based on this “synchronous etching” effect, a series of hybrid materials comprising cyclomatrix polyphosphazene and ZIF-67, denoted as ZIF-67@PDS (PDS, poly-(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4’-diaminodiphenyl sulfone)), ZIF-67@PBS (PBS, poly-(cyclotriphosphazene-co-Bisphenol A)), and ZIF-67@PZS (PZS, poly-(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4’-sulfonyldiphenol)), was synthesized utilizing DDS (4,4’-diaminodiphenyl sulfone), BPA (Bisphenol A), and BPS (4,4’-sulfonyldiphenol) monomers as precursors, respectively. Upon the incorporation of 2.0 wt.% of ZIF-67@PDS, ZIF-67@PBS, and ZIF-67@PZS, the flame retardant and mechanical characteristics of EP composites exhibited marked enhancement. The distinctive structural characteristics of hybrid and the synergistic effects of Co-P-N contribute to the improvement of comprehensive properties. Compared with pure EP, EP/ZIF-67@PZS has the best enhancement effect, and its pHRR, THR, and TSP decreased by 34.0%, 30.0%, and 40.5% respectively. In terms of mechanical strength, ZIF-67@PZS also increases the flexural strength of EP by 37.42%. Relying on the “synchronous etching” effect, this study explores and verifies the effective combination of ZIF-67 and different types of polyphosphazenes, and obtains a series of ZIF-67-derived cyclomatrix polyphosphazene hybrids with different morphologies and properties in one step. It provides a new idea and strategy for the simultaneous modification of polyphosphazene materials and the preparation of multifunctional flame retardants in the future.

Study on Optimization of Deep Purification Process Design of Zinc Oxygen Pressure Acid Leaching Solution

According to the characteristics of high impurity content and complex composition of oxygen pressure leaching (OPL) solution of zinc sulfide concentrate, combined with the quality requirements of large plate electrowinning and automatic plate stripping, the advanced purification process of solution was designed. Through the deep purification process consisting of neutralization indium precipitation and low iron purification, high temperature antimony salt nickel and cobalt removal, copper slag chlorine removal, low temperature zinc powder replacement copper and cadmium removal, fine purification, calcium and magnesium removal, the contents of harmful impurities such as iron, indium, copper, cadmium, nickel, cobalt, fluorine and chlorine in the solution are strictly controlled to ensure that the quality of the deeply purified zinc sulfate solution is qualified and can meet the needs of continuous and stable production. The energy-saving effect of advanced purification process is obvious, and the average DC power consumption per ton of electric zinc is 2880kWh, reaching the advanced level of the same industry in China. The good effect of advanced purification process ensures the successful application of OPL and large plate zinc electrowinning, and improves the technology and equipment level of zinc smelting industry, which has important popularization and application value.

Synergistic effects of cold rolling and age hardening on the hardness and tensile characteristics of AA6061 hybrid composites

The present study involves the fabrication of aluminium alloy 6061 matrix hybrid composites with varying weight fractions of silica sand and copper particles by employing the conventional stir casting method. The combined influence of age hardening (AH) and low temperature thermomechanical treatment (LTMT) on the hardness and tensile properties of AA6061 hybrid composites was investigated. The uniform dispersion of the particles in the matrix was confirmed by microstructure analysis and the improvement of Brinell hardness values. The composites exhibited higher tensile strength and hardness than the base alloy. Both AH and LTMT enhanced the properties of the hybrid composites and a comparison between them revealed the best results for LTMT hybrid composites. The LTMT hybrid composite with 3 wt% silica sand and 3 wt% copper (3S3C) subjected to 12% rolling deformation and aged at 100 °C had the highest hardness and tensile strength of 144.26 HV and 290 MPa respectively. The hardness and tensile strength of AA6061-3S3C hybrid composite subjected to LTMT in peak aged condition showed an improvement of 125 and 97% respectively when compared with those of AA6061 alloy. Fracture surface analysis of the thermomechanical treated composites in peak aged condition showed a mixed mode of failure dominant with the ductile fracture.

Tribological and microstructure studies of LM26/SiC metal matrix composite materials and structures for high temperature applications

This study aimed to investigate the tribological and microstructural characteristics of LM26 composites reinforced with silicon carbide to evaluate their suitability for high-temperature applications. For the sample fabrication, the modified stir-casting method was optimized using a Taguchi L16 orthogonal array. The wear rate and friction behavior were evaluated using the Taguchi’s S/N ratio analysis. When SiC was incorporated into the composite, the wear resistance increased by up to 15 wt%. The wear resistance of the LM26/SiC composite was improved compared to that of the pure LM26 aluminum alloy. The results of this study provide useful information to improve the wettability of metal matrix composites made from commercial-grade LM26 aluminum alloy by adjusting the SiC weight percentage. This type of composite has the potential as a replacement material for traditional applications such as heat sinks, heat exchanger fins, and electronic packaging.

Thirty years of change: Assessing the dynamics of fish communities in Daya Bay, a semi-enclosed coastal ecosystem of the South China sea

Daya Bay is a semi-enclosed bay in the South China Sea which is a coastal ecosystem with significant ecological and economic value that is subjected to a variety of anthropogenic disturbances. However, long-term variation in fish community structure in this Bay remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed to explore the changing characteristics of fish species composition and community structure in Daya Bay during the past 30 years using data from 1989 to 2021 from bottom trawl surveys and historical literature data. As of now, a total of 544 species of fish have been identified in the Bay, belonging to 24 orders and 125 families. The structure of the fish community in the bay has changed over time. Firstly, there has been a clear decrease in the number of species and biomass of large fish. Secondly, the number of fish constituent orders and families has decreased. Moreover, both the average taxonomic distinctness and variation in taxonomic distinctness decreased from 1989 to 2021. Thirdly, there is low similarity among fishes at different time phases and distinct changes in the composition of dominant species. Present results indicate that the fish community structure in Daya Bay has tended to reflect a decline in diversity, shifts in composition, and shrinking of fish body size in the past 30 years. This study improves our understanding of fish species composition and its drivers over time in Daya Bay, providing important knowledge to support the protection and restoration of this ecosystem and the important ecosystem services it provides.

Study on dry desulfurization performance of modified HNTs

The production characteristics of coking industry determine that the coke quenching process has the characteristics of complex pollutant composition, high purification difficulty and serious environmental pollution. SO2 is one of the main pollutants in coke dry quenching tail gas, which is easy to cause serious harm. Dry desulfurization process is the use of particles or powder desulfurizer to remove SO2. The hydroxyl groups on the surface of Halloysite nanotubes make the active components of catalytic reaction fixed on the nano-scale surface or in the lumen, which can produce more selective and active catalytic materials with good catalytic performance. In this study, HNTs were modified by molten salt etching method. The functionalized halloysite and chitosan were cured by chemical precipitation method to prepare halloysite chitosan nanospheres desulfurizer, and its application performance and reaction mechanism in SO2 removal were explored.

A Study of The Main Electrophysical Parameters of Semiconductor - Polymer Based Composite Varistors

The main electrophysical parameters of composite varistors made on the basis of doped ZnO, monocrystalline Si, GaAs, InAs and various polymers were studied in this work. In the article, the sample preparation process is described, interphase interaction is discussed. The nonlinearity coefficient () and opening voltages (Uop) of volt-ampere characteristics in doped ZnO, monocrystalline Si ceramic semiconductors and polymer-based composite varistors were determined. The volt-ampere characteristics of monocrystalline Si, GaAs and InAs and polymer-based composites were also measured. The shape of the potential hole in the mentioned composites has been determined. It was found that the opening voltage and the nonlinearity of the volt-ampere characteristic of polymer-semiconductor composites mainly depend on the properties of the 3rd phase. According to the experiment, it was found that as the filler volume percentage increases in ZnO, monocrystalline Si, GaAs and InAs and polymer-based composites, the  increases in all samples, and the Uop decreases. Depending on the type of dispersant, the opening voltages of the composites are different. Thus, in ZnO-polymer-based composites with additives, this voltage varies between 130÷220 V, and in monocrystalline Si, GaAs and InAs and polymer-based composites, it varies between 5÷50 V. The analysis of the shape of the potential hole in composites based on monocrystalline Si, GaAs, and InAs has shown that the value of the forbidden zone in the composites decreases, and the value of the potential barrier decreases sharply.

Tensile performance and cracking characteristics of sustainable textile-reinforced cementitious composites utilizing expanded glass aggregate and fly ash replacement

In this study, sustainable textile-reinforced cementitious composites (TRC) were developed using lightweight expanded glass (EG) aggregates combined with fly ash (FA) as a partial cement replacement. Recycled nylon fibers were incorporated to enhance the cementitious matrix. The tensile performances and cracking characteristics of the developed TRC materials were comprehensively investigated. The key parameters investigated included the lightweight aggregate size, FA replacement content, fabric reinforcement ratio, and volume fraction of additional nylon fibers. The experimental results revealed that utilizing FA replacement content within the range of 20–30% and employing maximum EG aggregate sizes of 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm had a negligible influence on cracking characteristics and the tensile performance of TRC. Conversely, an adverse effect was observed with a 50% FA replacement content and a maximum EG size of 2.0 mm. Moreover, employing a higher fabric reinforcement ratio and an increased volume fraction of dispersed nylon fibers in the matrix endowed the TRC with favorable tensile performance and cracking characteristics. Eventually, an analytical model simulating the tensile stress-strain responses of TRC composites based on the cracking characteristics and stochastic matrix theory was proposed. The proposed model exhibits a reasonable correlation with the experimental results.

Effect of solid-state fermentation on the nutritional composition and physicochemical properties of whole-grain highland barley and the application in digestive cookies

This research investigated the enhancement of nutritional composition and physicochemical characteristics of highland barley through solid-state fermentation employing three bacterial strains: Lactobacillus acidophilus (LAC), Lactobacillus reuteri and Enterococcus faecalis. The results showed that solid-state fermentation significantly increased the contents of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total polyphenol, while decreased the contents of fat, starch and total dietary fiber (TDF) compared to the control (p<0.05). Additionally, the fermented barley flour exhibited improved water and oil holding capacities. Solid-state fermentation altered the structural integrity of highland barley's whole grain and flour, resulting in finer particles. The physicochemical properties of the whole highland barley grain fermented with LAC showed marked improvement. Homemade highland barley cookies prepared with barley flour fermented by LAC, and enriched with ingredients homologous to both food and medicine, were favored by consumers. They also contained higher levels of protein, TDF and SDF compared to commercial cookies. The study indicated solid-state fermentation as a promising approach to enhance the nutritional value and overall quality of whole-grain foods, facilitating the development of products that were both nutritious and appealing to consumers.

Sample data selection based on the feature subspace for photometric correction of the Chang'E-4 in situ observations

The lunar surface exhibits noticeable variations in photometric properties across different regions, influenced by their specific compositional and physical characteristics. These variations are particularly pronounced at the millimeter to centimeter scale. In this study, we propose a feature subspace-based sample selection method to identify Chang'E-4 Visible Near-infrared Imaging Spectrometer (CE-4 VNIS) in situ observations that share similar photometric properties at the centimeter scale. By constructing a feature subspace through principal component transformation, the CE-4 VNIS observation sites with comparable surface photometric properties are able to be selected from a series of observations. The selection results demonstrate that the majority of observation sites are covered by the lunar regolith, with a few exceptions consisting of rocks, soil bulk, shadows, and rough surfaces. These observations should be excluded from the photometric correction process during phase function fitting. Analyzing the photometric performance of the VNIS data with lunar regolith reveals that reflectance decreases as the phase angle increases below 80°, while above 80°, reflectance increases with increasing phase angle. This phenomenon is likely attributed to stronger forward scattering. Thus, a second-order polynomial is employed to fit the phase function for VNIS data. Consequently, a photometric model is developed for lunar regolith observed by CE-4 VNIS, incorporating the fitted phase function. Experimental results demonstrate reduced differences among observations with varying phase angles, and the corrected VNIS spectra exhibit a phase-reddening effect. These findings validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. A comparison between the corrected data with and without sample selection reveals a 33% decrease in mean standard deviation for VIS/NIR bands and a 19% decrease for SWIR bands in the corrected spectra after sample selection. These results indicate the potential applicability of our method for future VNIS observations, enabling the acquisition of photometrically consistent data.

Elemental composition and mineralogical characteristics of volcanic ash and soil affected by the eruption of Mount Semeru, East Java

Elemental composition and mineralogical characteristics of volcanic ash and soil affected by the eruption of Mount Semeru, East Java

Modulating resistive switching in Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 memristors: The role of manganese doping concentrations

Memristors, recognized as key devices for mitigating the von Neumann bottleneck, show great potential in non-volatile memory technology. Their performance is fundamentally linked to the chemical composition and structural characteristics of their intermediate dielectric layer. Owing to the inherent advantages of metal oxides, such as their simplistic chemical makeup and superior thermal stability, memristors featuring a Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) sandwich structure with metal oxides as the intermediate layer have received extensive focus. In this study, a Pt/Ni0.5Zn0.5MnxFe2-xO4(NZMFO)/Pt composite film was prepared, and its resistance switching behavior was modulated by altering the doping concentration of Mnn+ in NZMFO. The experimental results indicate that altering the Mnn+ doping concentration does significantly impact the content of oxygen vacancies. As the concentration of Mnn+ increases from 0.10 to 0.20 at.%, the content of oxygen vacancies correspondingly rises from 46.58 % to 76.42 %. Concurrently, variations in Mnn+ doping concentration significantly alter the resistance switching properties of the Pt/NZMFO/Pt composite films. This includes elevating the set/reset voltage, diminishing the resistance ratio, and enhancing the durability with the augmentation of Mnn+ concentration. By meticulously adjusting the Mnn+ doping concentration, we can achieve a memristor characterized by superior performance across all metrics. Considering all performance aspects, this study determined that the Pt/NZMFO/Pt thin film memristor with x = 0.15 exhibits adequate endurance (100 cycles), high data retention, and stable set/reset voltage. This work underscores the critical role of Mnn+ doping concentration in optimizing the electrochemical properties of NZFO memristors, illustrating a strategic pathway to engineer memristive devices with enhanced performance for future non-volatile memory applications.

Changes in the Rheological Characteristics of Compositions with Two Gel-Forming Components

Changes in the Rheological Characteristics of Compositions with Two Gel-Forming Components

Intangible space as a new form of crime scene: doctrinal aspect

The article discusses the problems of defining cyberspace and information space as a possible place of commission of a crime or other optional sign of an objective party in relation to specific acts provided for by the norms of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The properties and characteristics of cyberspace are determined, and a comparison is made with the intangible and information space. The problem of determining the connection of cyberspace to specific objects of the material world - computer media, servers, the impossibility of the existence of cyberspace in isolation from three-dimensional reality at this stage of scientific and technological development, which predetermines the criminal legal classification of crimes, is noted. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the article substantiates an innovative approach to determining the place of intangible space in the system of composition characteristics. The author notes that the current realities force us to take a fresh look at the perception of the content of such a sign of the objective side of the crime as the place where the latter was committed, since its traditional understanding from the position of an object of material reality - a specific section of the earth’s surface, which has its own geographical landmarks and coordinates - does not meet the modern needs of the theory and practice of applying criminal law. As a result of the research, the author concludes that the development of computer technologies, communications and the information and telecommunications network “Internet” contributed to the emergence of a new – information – space, which by its nature is intangible and actually does not exist in a three-dimensional dimension.

SOUND AND THERMAL INSULATION PROPERTIES OF SANDWICH COMPOSITES MADE OF WASTE KEVLAR® MATERIALS

This paper examines the thermal and acoustic insulation characteristics of sandwich composites with waste Kevlar® fiber-reinforced face materials and polyurethane/paper cardboard cores. Waste Kevlar® short fibers (carding waste) were reinforced into the sandwich composites’ core part in varying ratios (2%, 5%, and 10%). Kevlar® fabric edge waste (waste of weaving process) was used to produce the face materials of sandwich composites. Sandwich composites were also stitched using Kevlar® yarns to observe the effect of the through-thickness reinforcement on sound and thermal insulation properties. The sound insulation test results showed that reinforcement of short Kevlar® fibers into the core parts of sandwich composites somewhat raised their sound absorption coefficients. Because the stitching holes created air spaces for sound vibrations, the sound absorption coefficient values improved. The sound transmission losses of sandwich composites were also increased up to 30 dB after short Kevlar® fiber addition. The thermal conductivity coefficient of sandwich composites decreased, indicating that the addition of Kevlar® fibers increased their insulation properties.

2011–2015年东洞庭湖洲滩典型植物群落样方调查数据集

The fixed sample plot investigation obtains the dynamic characteristics of ecosystem through long-term data accumulation and accurate space-time comparison, which provides a solid basis for long-term ecosystem research. In accordance with the unified monitoring specifications set forth by the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN), Dongting Lake Wetland Ecosystem Research Station conducts long-term positioning monitoring on the species composition and community characteristics of typical beach vegetation in the wetland ecosystem in response to the changing hydrological conditions of Dongting Lake. We processed the data of long-term monitoring sample plots of three typical wetland plant communities (Carex sp, Miscanthus lutarioriparius and Polygonum hydropiper) in Dongting Lake to obtain the dataset of sample survey of typical plant communities on East Dongting Lake beach from 2011 to 2015. This dataset covers a total of 14 indicators, including species name, Latin name, number of plants (clusters) (plants or clusters/quadrats), average height of leaf layer (cm), average height of reproductive branches (cm), coverage (%), phenological period, dominant species, number of plant species, density (plants or clusters/m2), leaf layer height (cm) of dominant species, reproductive branch height (cm) of dominant species, total coverage (%), and total dry weight of aboveground green parts (g/m2). This dataset comes with detailed background information to ensure its consistency across both spatial and temporal dimensions. Moreover, to ensure data accuracy and reliability, the dataset underwent comprehensive quality control throughout the entire process and is subject to expert review and verification. It can serve as an important source of background data for studying the process and succession trends of the beach wetland ecosystem in response to the hydrological conditions of Dongting Lake, and provide data support for vegetation remote sensing monitoring, biodiversity protection, wetland ecological restoration and adaptive management of Dongting Lake.

Effect of Heat Treatment on the Electrochemical and Tribological Properties of Aluminum-Bronze Coatings Deposited Used the Thermal Spraying Process

The corrosion and wear resistance of aluminum-bronze coatings deposited by thermal flame spraying were investigated after a 10 h heat treatment at 500 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The coatings were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD, and XRF. Corrosion resistance was evaluated by Tafel and EIS tests, while wear resistance was assessed using a ball-on-disc test. Results showed the heat treatment compacted the coating microstructure, increased oxide content, and improved splat bonding through diffusion mechanisms. This led to enhanced corrosion resistance, evidenced by reduced corrosion current density in electrochemical tests, resulting from densification impeding electrolyte penetration. Heat treatment also increased wear resistance, as indicated by lower wear rates in ball-on-disc tests, attributable to increased hardness, reduced friction coefficients, and annealing-induced microstructural changes. Overall, the heat treatment optimizes the anticorrosive and tribological properties of thermally sprayed aluminum-bronze coatings via favorable alterations in composition, morphology, and physical characteristics. The research provides a new understanding of how thermal spray parameters and post-deposition heat treatment can be utilized to enhance the corrosion and wear resistance of aluminum-bronze coatings for marine applications.

Experimental and numerical investigation on the elastic properties of luffa–cenosphere‐reinforced epoxy hybrid composite

AbstractEstimating the elastic characteristics of natural fiber‐reinforced polymer composites such as luffa fiber reinforced with epoxy is challenging. The structure of luffa cylindrica is complex, like a three‐dimensional natural fibrous mat, netting‐like structure. The multiscale modeling of such structures is the challenge to be addressed. The prime objective of this work is to determine the specific elastic properties of luffa–cenosphere‐reinforced epoxy (LCE) composite, considering the effect of filler volume fractions. Furthermore, multiscale modeling techniques, such as representative volume elements (RVEs) of finite element techniques with chopped, unidirectional, plain, and twill weaving fiber arrangements, were employed. The longitudinal modulus, transverse modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio were predicted through these modeling approaches. However, experimental and analytical methodologies, including the rule of mixture and Halpin–Tsai, were considered to validate the finite element analysis results. The elastic characteristics of LCE composite were therefore shown to be enhanced by increasing filler volume fraction. However, the cenosphere's 20% volume fraction has the highest elastic properties as determined by analytical, experimental, and computational models. Analytical and finite element simulation results were compared with the experimental results, and based on the findings, the most suitable (unidirectional, chopped, plain, and twill weaving) RVE was identified for finite element modeling of LCE composite for the evaluation of elastic properties. Results from practical approaches and the RVE twill weaving model showed good agreement, with less than 1% error, compared to the other analytical and finite element methods.Highlights NFCs are gaining ground in polymer composites. Overcoming challenges in modeling of luffa fiber inside epoxy matrix. The study uses multiscale modeling with diverse fiber arrangements. Experimental and analytical methods used to confirm FEA results. Increased cenosphere volume fraction boosts LCE composite properties.