Features Of Theory Research Articles

Agency, human nature and character in Kantian theory

In order for the duty of friendship to be practically possible, and for gratitude and beneficence to be unencumbered virtues, Kant need not have held that human beings are basically good. He need only have understood that they are social beings, with desires for both independence and connection, autonomy and affiliation, and purposes that are not always merely their own. I have argued that because he did not, his moral theory is flawed in three important respects. In Kant's theory, morality is only possible because humans are rational, and necessary because (absent morality) they are self-interested individuals, egoistically motivated, distrustful and isolated. When this view is applied to particular questions of friendship and the virtues, it becomes a distorting medium. It is my contention that a more adequate theory of character would result from the application of Kantian moral principles to a sounder, more social conception of human nature. In conclusion, I wish to make it clear that I am not arguing that human beings are basically good, only that they are essentially social. In his political writings Kant has emphasized the social dimension of reason itself, and I believe he would agree with Thomas Nagel's recent claim about human nature and morality: To say that altruism and morality are possible in virtue of something basic to human nature is not to say that men are basically good. Men are basically complicated; how good they are depends on whether certain conceptions and ways of thinking have achieved dominance, a dominance which is precarious in any case. Thomas Nagel, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970), p. 146.

Achievement and affiliation motivation: Changing patterns in social values as represented in American advertising

Under various conceptual forms, achievement motivation has been used frequently to explore and understand human behavior patterns. Affiliation motivation is a related concept that has received relatively less attention in the behavioral sciences. Here, a content analysis methodology is used to track these two social values over a 50-year period. As predicted by Riesman's theory of social character, the incidence of affiliation motivation appeals is found to be on the increase in popular media advertising, while the use of achievement motivation appeals is on the decrease. Achievement appeals are found to be more common in male-oriented publications than in female-oriented publications.

Characters of Finite Quasigroups III: Quotients and Fusion

The character theory of finite quasigroups, introduced in [4] and [5], is developed further. The Quotient Theorem relates the character theory of a quasigroup to that of its homomorphic images. The Fusion Theorem relates the character theories of different quasigroup structures on the same set. Fusion geometry interprets certain character values as solutions of optimization problems. Magic rectangle conditions impose additional constraints that facilitate the computation of character tables.

Character, Progression, and the Mimetic-Didactic Distinction

Previous articleNext article No AccessCharacter, Progression, and the Mimetic-Didactic DistinctionJames PhelanJames Phelan Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Modern Philology Volume 84, Number 3Feb., 1987 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/391553 Views: 17Total views on this site Citations: 6Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1987 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Kai Mikkonen The Rhetorics of Plot Function: Henry James's ficelle , Vladimir Nabokov's “Perry,” and James Phelan's “Synthetic Function” Reconsidered, Poetics Today 43, no.11 (Mar 2022): 27–52.https://doi.org/10.1215/03335372-9470968Carmen Tu, Steven Brown Character mediation of plot structure: Toward an embodied model of narrative, Frontiers of Narrative Studies 6, no.11 (Jul 2020): 77–112.https://doi.org/10.1515/fns-2020-0007Susan S. Lanser Pour plus de narratologie (plus féministe et plus queer), (Jan 2018): 21–46.https://doi.org/10.4000/books.septentrion.19116William Nelles Jane's Brains:, Interdisciplinary Literary Studies 16, no.11 (Mar 2014): 6–29.https://doi.org/10.5325/intelitestud.16.1.0006Leona Toker Syntactics — Semantics — Pragmatics (Still Having One’s Cake?), (Jan 2011): 63–77.https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230304727_5Daniel R. Schwarz Character and Characterization: An Inquiry, (Jan 1990): 65–104.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11070-4_3

Is Other-Directedness on the Increase? An Empirical Test of Riesman's Theory of Social Character

The historical trend in other-directedness, predicted by Riesman's theory of social character, is examined through a content analysis of 30 years of advertising that appeared in the Ladies' Home Journal and Popular Science magazines. Overall, the results of this trend analysis provide some support for Riesman's theory, especially in the case of a male-oriented publication.

Narrative Fiction: Contemporary Poetics (review)

1 1 4 Philosophy and Literature rigorously as he might in terms of its own thematic of objectivity. He also overlooks die important historical fact that the West's sovereign individual has never referred to nonwhites and females, leading him at one point to make unwittingly ironic comments about equilibrium in terms of the arrangement of communities based on Lévi-Strauss's model of exchange. His analysis is also marked by the absence of any consideration of the important work done by Lacan on language and dialectics. Nevertheless his argument is important in reinvolving context in American criticism and, in particular, in presenting Gadamer's work in such practical terms. University of OregonLinda Kintz Narrative Fiction: Contemporary Poetics, by Shlomith Rimmon-Kenan; xi & 173 pp. London: Methuen, 1983, $8.95 paper. Shlomith Rimmon-Kenan wonders in her conclusion whether "this book has been an introduction to or an obituary of the poetics of narrative fiction" (p. 130). It reads badly as an obituary. In fact there appears so much potential life in what should, to meet the presuppositions of obituaries, be a corpse, that it seems more as though this is an infant just reaching toddlerhood and thus into everything. An introduction then. But it is a difficult introduction since Rimmon-Kenan has tried to provide both a synopsis of the current state of the poetics ofnarrative fiction and a coherent synthesis ofit. She does this by tracing the development of theories dealing with major topics. Thus die chapters deal in turn with events, characters, time, characterization, focalization, levels and voices, speech representation, and the text and its reading. This looks like a coherent sequence, and in part it is. Each chapter does deal with the topic but not fully. This is a result of the state of knowledge ofthe topic as much as the fact that this is an introduction because Rimmon-Kenan does cover a good deal of the literature on each topic. But she is also guided by it. So in the chapter on character the major problem is the one that comes from Rimmon-Kenan's sources, the supposed impossibility of having characters in narrative fictions. Evidendy many modern theorists and some not so modern have it in for "character." They include Russian Formalists and Structuralists and some practicing novelists. Rimmon-Kenan, in part, shows why there are difficulties with the notion of character and as her contribution to the discussion suggests that it is a problem because the theory of character is relatively undeveloped. This is a particularly interesting suggestion in an obituary because Reviews115 the area of relatively undeveloped theory is a place where one is most likely to find life. And so much of the discussion shows this potential for greater life. What is required to provide this life is a greater awareness of methodology. Some of the most interesting and frustrating sections, for example that dealing with temporal relations, contain a great deal oftechnical vocabulary clearly supported by an interesting taxonomy of literary phenomena; but the taxonomy is not in turn supported by a deductive, explanatory theory. Thus the descriptions of the phenomena which Rimmon-Kenan summarizes appear rather sowhatish , like phenomena in search of an explanation. There is a degree of arbitrariness about them too which makes one ask why these phenomena have been selected and why in this fashion. This again is not the author's fault but clearly a reflection of the state of the art. This state is reflected in the derivative nature of the theories which form the underpinning of much current literary theory. Structuralist theories take over much of the theoretical baggage of a now largely outmoded and partly inadequate kind of linguistics. Other theorists, for example Rimmon-Kenan, use the terms "Deep Structure," "Surface Structure," and "Transformation," borrowed from Chomskian generative linguistic theory (with no reference to their technical meaning in generative theory) as metaphors. This is theoretically naive. One cannot borrow theory from other disciplines and use it as metaphor without the theory becoming vacuous. Literary theories must set up their own constructs and give them meaning, certainly using what is known about language, but a Chomskian deep structure is a formal object meeting...

Numerical Experiments with the Osher Upwind Scheme for the Euler Equations

The Osher algorithm for solving the Euler equations is an upwind finite difference procedure that is derived by combining the salient features of the theory of conservation laws and the mathematical theory of characteristi cs for hyperbolic systems of equations. A first-order accurate version of the numerical method was derived by Osher circa 1980 for the one-dimensional non-isentropic Euler equations in Cartesian coordinates. In this paper, the extension of the scheme to arbitrary two-dimensional geometries is explained. Results are then presented for several example problems in one and two dimensions. Future work will include extension of the method to second-order accuracy and the development of implicit time differencing for the Osher algorithm.

Euler equations - Implicit schemes and boundary conditions

Implicit boundary condition procedures are presented for use with implicit finite difference schemes for the unsteady Euler equations. This new boundary point treatment is based on the mathematical theory of characteristics for hyperbolic systems of equations. Along with the theoretical background, the practical application of the method to several types of boundaries is also explained using several examples. The specific boundary conditions covered include subsonic inflow and outflow, surface tangency, and shock waves. The example problems include one-dimensional Laval nozzle flow, dual-throat rocket engine nozzle flow, and supersonic flow past a sphere. The implicit boundary treatment permits the use of large time steps allowing the finite difference algorithm to converge to the asymptotic steady state much faster than schemes that use explicitly applied boundary conditions. At least an order of magnitude increase in computational speed is demonstrated in the examples shown.' Background T HE growing popularity of solutions to the Euler equations in transonics and their continued application in supersonics have increased the need for quicker solutions. The potential of implicit schemes in this direction has not been fully exploited for want of correct, implicit application of boundary conditions. The predominant use of implicit algorithms for the Navier-Stokes equations has partly been responsible for the neglect of implicit boundary point treatment for the Euler equations. Thus, there is a need for correct and stable procedures for the easy implicit application of boundary conditions. Such methods will serve the two purposes of 1) reaching time-asymptotic steady state faster and 2) permitting a time step for truly unsteady flow that is not necessarily restricted by the CFL stability criterion but is based upon the magnitude of the transients. For clues and information on how to construct such boundary condition procedures, one must turn to the mathematical theory of characteristi cs for hyperbolic systems of equations. The unsteady Euler equations belong to this category. The theory for hyperbolic systems is rich with information on signal propagation directions. The characteristics theory clearly points to the number of boundary conditions that may and need be prescribed without overdetermining the solution. Boundary condition procedures based on this theory have been known and applied for several years by Kentzer, 1 Porter and Coakley,2 de Neef, 3 and others. In earlier work by this author,4'5 easily understood and implementable methods for boundary point treatment were presented. However, all of the above techniques were developed for explicit finite difference schemes. It seems that it must be easy to extend such methodologies based on mathematical theory for hyperbolic systems to implicit finite difference schemes, and indeed, it is simple enough. The rest of this paper describes such implicit boundary condition procedures. The given examples illustrate in detail the application of the proposed methodology to specific types of boundaries and demonstrate the merits of the new scheme.

Theory of character. Panel report.

Theory of character. Panel report.

Figures beyond the Text: A Theory of Readable Character in the Novel

Figures beyond the Text: A Theory of Readable Character in the Novel

Problems of the technological monolithic character of designs from composite materials

The main causes of crack formation during the process of producing thick-walled high-scale designs from composite materials and the methods of production of monolithic designs are considered.Attention is given to the temperature regime optimisation method for curing and cooling processes, on the basis of the so-called thermal theory of the technological monolithic character of designs from composite materials. Data on the experimental checking of calculated theory are given.

Aldous Huxley and the Sheldonian hypothesis.

Summary For a period of almost twenty years Aldous Huxley made use in his novels and biographies of the theories of physique and character developed by the psychometrist William Sheldon. This is most clearly seen in the novel Time must have a stop, whose characters follow Sheldon's theories in the most intricate and precise fashion. Huxley's use of Sheldon's work in this novel will be examined, and his motives for embarking on this relatively rare use of science in literature discussed.

ChemInform Abstract: MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY OF HOMOAROMATIC CHARACTER

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 11, Issue 7 Physical Organic Chemistry ChemInform Abstract: MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY OF HOMOAROMATIC CHARACTER R. C. HADDON, R. C. HADDONSearch for more papers by this author R. C. HADDON, R. C. HADDONSearch for more papers by this author First published: February 19, 1980 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198007089Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume11, Issue7February 19, 1980 RelatedInformation

Theories of Homosexuality as Sources of Bloomsbury's Androgyny

Previous articleNext article No AccessTheories of Homosexuality as Sources of Bloomsbury's AndrogynyBarbara FasslerBarbara Fassler Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Signs Volume 5, Number 2Winter, 1979 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/493706 Views: 34Total views on this site Citations: 30Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1979 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Gregory H. Graham-Smith Contested selves and postmodern hybridity: Authorial renunciation and gender revisionism in Patrick White’s Memoirs of Many in One, Literator 43, no.11 (Dec 2021).https://doi.org/10.4102/lit.v43i1.1779Marie Allègre ‘Psychoanalytic Receptions of Woolf’s Vision of Androgyny: Feminist Uses of Ambivalence?’, Études britanniques contemporaines , no.5858 (Apr 2020).https://doi.org/10.4000/ebc.9137Debra A. Moddelmog Modernism and Sexology, Literature Compass 11, no.44 (Apr 2014): 267–278.https://doi.org/10.1111/lic3.12140Savitri Hensman Blessed Companionship: A Church's Journey, Modern Believing 55, no.22 (Jan 2014): 97–113.https://doi.org/10.3828/mb.2014.13Ruth Vanita “Uncovenanted Joys”: Catholicism, Sapphism, and Cambridge Ritualist Theory in Hope Mirrlees’ Madeleine: One of Love’s Jansenists, (Jan 2006): 85–96.https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230287778_6Kathryn Simpson Pearl-diving: Inscriptions of Desire and Creativity in H.D. and Woolf, Journal of Modern Literature 27, no.44 (Jun 2004): 37–58.https://doi.org/10.2979/JML.2004.27.4.37Angela Taeger, Jutta Eming, Elfi Bettinger, Ute Pott Rezensionen, (Jan 1998): 321–338.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-03742-8_28Lisa Rado Would the real Virginia Woolf please stand up? Feminist criticism, the androgyny debates, and Orlando, Women's Studies 26, no.22 (Feb 1997): 147–169.https://doi.org/10.1080/00497878.1997.9979158 Paranoid Reading and Reparative Reading; or, You’re So Paranoid, You Probably Think This Introduction is About You EVE KOSOFSKY SEDGWICK, (Jan 1997): 1–38.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822382478-001 Prophylactics and Brains, (Jan 1997): 41–73.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822382478-003 Strange Gourmet, (Jan 1997): 74–93.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822382478-004 Outing Texture, (Jan 1997): 94–127.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822382478-005 The “Sinister Fruitiness” of Machines, (Jan 1997): 128–148.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822382478-006 The Importance of Being Bored, (Jan 1997): 151–166.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822382478-008 Balzac’s Queer Cousins and Their Friends, (Jan 1997): 167–198.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822382478-009 Defying “Development”, (Jan 1997): 201–226.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822382478-011 Wizards, Warriors, and the Beast Glatisant in Love, (Jan 1997): 227–248.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822382478-012 Forged in Crisis, (Jan 1997): 249–268.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822382478-013 Flogging is Fundamental, (Jan 1997): 269–296.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822382478-014 Same-Sex Unions in Modern Europe, (Jan 1997): 299–329.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822382478-016 To Die For, (Jan 1997): 330–352.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822382478-017 Tearing the Goat’s Flesh, (Jan 1997): 353–376.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822382478-018 The Autochoreography of an Ex-Snow Queen, (Jan 1997): 379–400.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822382478-020 Lip-Reading, (Jan 1997): 401–443.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822382478-021 The Female World of Exorcism and Displacement (Or, Relations between Women in Henry James’s Nineteenth-Century The Portrait of a Lady ), (Jan 1997): 444–464.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822382478-022 Strange Brothers, (Jan 1997): 465–482.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822382478-023 Bibliography, (Jan 1997): 483–500.https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822382478-024Ellen Carol Jones The flight of a word: Narcissism and the masquerade of writing in Virginia Woolf's Orlando, Women's Studies 23, no.22 (Mar 1994): 155–174.https://doi.org/10.1080/00497878.1994.9979018Sherron E. Knopp “If I Saw You Would You Kiss Me?”: Sapphism and the Subversiveness of Virginia Woolf's Orlando, PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 103, no.11 (Oct 2020): 24–34.https://doi.org/10.2307/462459Betsy Ettorre Compulsory heterosexuality and psych/atrophy: Some thoughts on lesbian feminist theory, Women's Studies International Forum 8, no.55 (Jan 1985): 421–428.https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-5395(85)90074-3

Molecular orbital theory of homoaromatic character

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular orbital theory of homoaromatic characterR. C. HaddonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 21, 3608–3616Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01335a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts

Unified theory of resonance energies, ring currents, and aromatic character in the (4n + 2).pi.-electron annulenes

Unified theory of resonance energies, ring currents, and aromatic character in the (4n + 2).pi.-electron annulenes

Theory of Character: Emma

Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich. [...] Already I am caught. How is it possible to refuse the illusion that Emma Woodhouse was a woman whom I can discuss with as much unself-consciousness as the woman next door? At the very moment I refer to her (her: third person, feminine), I have already tacitly removed her from the novel, credited her with an independent life, and assumed a mimetic theory of character.*

The carbanion mechanism of olefin-forming elimination. Part 10. Isotope effects in the dehydrochlorination of 1,1-diaryl-2,2-dichloroethanes

Intramolecular primary chlorine isotope effects have been measured for the base-induced dehydrochIorination reactions of (p-YC6H4)2CH·CHCl2(YMeO, H, orCl) in –OMe–MeOH, –OMe–MeOH–Me2SO, and ButO––ButOH. All isotope effects are small (ca. 0.14–0.37%). suggesting that the E2 transition states have nearly intact Cα–-Cl bonds. Trends in k35/k37 with changing substituent, base, and solvent are interpreted in terms of current theories of E2 transition-state character. An isotope effect of unity for the reaction of (p-NO2C6H4)2CH·CHCl2 with –OMe–MeOH confirms an earlier suggestion that the mechanism here is E1cB with rate-determining proton transfer.

Theory of modal character, field structure, and losses for semiconductor lasers

The contemporary semiconductor laser oscillates and radiates power simultaneously in many of the characteristic modes of its cavity, perhaps only a few for the stripe laser neat threshold, but hundreds or thousands for power lasers. This article provides a comprehensive theory of the modal characteristics: field structure, polarization, characteristic frequency, radiation pattern, and losses. A new theory is developed for cavities with a nonuniform dielectric. The subject matter is indispensable to understanding or use of the new nonlinear theory of laser processes. Much of it is also relevant to dielectric, optical transmission systems in general

On Character: A Reply to Martin Price

Previous articleNext article No AccessCritical ResponseOn Character: A Reply to Martin PriceRawdon WilsonRawdon Wilson Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Critical Inquiry Volume 2, Number 1Autumn, 1975 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/447834 Views: 6Total views on this site Citations: 2Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1975 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article: Character and Characterization in Greek Tragedy: Ancient and Modern Views, (Nov 2013): 206–212.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118351222.wbegt1410A. Walton Litz ‘A Developement of Self: Character and Personality in Jane Austen’s Fiction, (Jan 1976): 64–78.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-03100-9_4