Character Accentuations Research Articles

Страх падения у лиц пожилого возраста с различными заболеваниями

<p>Fear of falling is a significant problem among the elderly population, leading to a decrease in quality of life. Research on this phenomenon has been actively conducted abroad since the 1990s, starting with the works of N. Lach, M. Lachman, and M. Tinetti. In Russia, there is practically no research on the fear of falling. <strong>Objective</strong>. This study is dedicated to systematizing and summarizing existing data on the fear of falling among the elderly with various health conditions. <strong>Methods</strong>. Theoretical analysis of contemporary research on the fear of falling among the elderly. <strong>Results and Conclusions</strong>. It was found that there is no reliable data on the correlation between sensory deficits and fear of falling, although reduced vision, hearing, and proprioceptor sensitivity increase the risk of falling. Fear of falling can develop in physically well-functioning elderly individuals with high levels of anxiety, and depression is secondary to fear of falling. The presence of pronounced character accentuations can contribute to the development of fear of falling and even panic attacks. In Parkinson`s disease, the risk of falling increases in cognitively intact patients, and fear of falling is associated with catastrophizing. In Alzheimer`s disease with mild cognitive impairment, fear of falling indicators are almost indistinguishable from those of healthy individuals. Data across various clinical groups are heterogeneous, and the phenomenon of fear of falling requires more thorough investigation. This could be beneficial in developing psychocorrection programs for elderly patients and reducing the risk of falling.</p>

Психотехнологии в тактике проведении специальных психофизиологических исследований с применением полиграфа, рассчитанные на акцентуации характера кандидатов на службу в органы внутренних дел Российской Федерации

The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the need for a polygraph examiner to take into account the individual typological characteristics of candidates for service in the process of conducting special psychophysiological studies (SPFI) using a polygraph. The subject of the study: psychological technologies in the tactics of conducting SPFI in relation to the examined persons with character accentuations. The purpose of the study: to develop and experimentally implement psychotechnologies in the conduct of SPFI, designed for the characteristics of accentuated candidates for service in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the study was used: theoretical and applied approaches in the field of strategies and tactics, the phased conduct of psychophysiological research using a polygraph (V.V. Korovin, Yu.I. Kholodny, V.A. Varlamov, A.N. Obukhova, I.P. Obukhova, etc.); the concept of the operational psychological structure of the actions of law enforcement officers (N.R. Bityanova, V.A. Danilov, M.G. Debolsky, A.I. Papkin, I.B. Ponomarev, A.M. Stolyarenko, V.P. Trubochkin, V.I. Chernenilov, etc.); typology of character accentuations (K. Leonhard, A.E. Lichko). Research methods: deductive and inductive methods for generalizing psychological theories, concepts on scientific and applied problems of the research topic; questionnaires of polygraph examiners; psychological analysis of characterizing materials for candidates for service in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation; observation of the examined persons; stimulus-adaptive test (SAT); psychological analysis of polygrams. Psychophysiological studies of candidates for service (20 people) were conducted using a computer polygraph "Diana-04". The sample of the study included 20 candidates for service in the GU of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Stavropol Territory. The results of the experimental study: the use of psychotechnologies in the tactics of conducting a pre-test conversation, designed to accentuate the examined persons, contributes to the optimization of the psycho-emotional state and adaptation of these persons to the SPFI, ensure the effectiveness of the study. The novelty of the research lies in the theoretical development of psychological methods, techniques and means for conducting a pre-test conversation with candidates with character accents, experimental testing of their effectiveness and ensuring the achievement of the goals of socio-psychophysiological research using a polygraph.

Socio-Psychological Profile of Drivers Deprived of Their Driving Licenses for Driving Under the Influence of Substances

Introduction. Road traffic accidents caused by driving under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or other intoxicating substances lead to serious demographic and socio-economic losses. Therefore, it is necessary to improve measures aimed at preventing such cases of traffic offense.The aim of the study was to identify the characteristics of the socio-psychological profile of drivers deprived of their driving licenses as a result of driving while intoxicated.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on a sample of 427 people aged 20 to 72. The data were recorded using the digital system for psychophysiological testing, “NS-Psychotest,” developed by Neurosoft LLC. Statistical data were calculated using IBM SPSS 23 software. Descriptive statistics, T-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s Chi-square test, and K-means cluster analysis were used.Results. Statistically significant differences were found in memory capacity and character accentuations between men and women (p £ 0.01), as well as in the severity of neurotic symptoms, stress and distress levels, cognitive functions and character accentuations between different age groups (p £ 0.05). Cluster sampling identified three profiles: a) respondents with neurotic symptoms and high stress levels; b) respondents with slowed reaction time and cognitive impairment; c) respondents with a relatively high level of psychotic and paranoid symptoms.Conclusion. Socio-psychological profiles of drivers deprived of their driving licenses for driving under the influence of substances were described. The obtained results will be useful in the elaboration of a differentiated approach to secondary prevention of impaired driving.

Klim Samgin as a «Metaphysical Double» of F.M. Dostoevsky's «Underground Man»

The author of the article puts forward a hypothesis according to which the central character of F.M. Dostoevsky's work «Notes from the Underground» is a literary prototype of the main character of the novel by A.M. Gorky «The Life of Klim Samgin». According to the researcher, Russian writers analyze in their works a personality with a schizoid-polyphonic type of character accentuation, which A. Lowen considered in his book «Betrayal of the Body». In our opinion, there are extremely many psychological features in common between the «underground man» and Klim Samgin: the presence of schizoid alienation syndrome from society (a kind of «sociophobic syndrome») in the characters, the presence of a vividly accented «polyphonic character» combining an inferiority complex and megalomania in their «split self» (R. Lang) sadistic and masochistic traits of their personality. In addition, the common specific «psychological facets» of Klim and the «underground master» are the «emotional coldness» of the characters, their «petrified insensitivity» towards other personalities. The author of the article analyzes the artistic and psychological features of the characters of F. M. Dostoevsky and A. M. Gorky, expressed in their «autistic dreaminess» as a kind of «escape from reality», the inability of the characters to get out of the schizoid isolation of their «existential Hamletism». According to the researcher, A. M. Gorky not only borrows the model of the schizoid personality, which is so vividly described in «Notes from the Underground», but also adopts the methodological aspects of the author's position in relation to his hero, implemented by F. M. Dostoevsky. Consciously avoiding the ethical assessment of Samgin's thoughts and actions, producing an ambivalent dialogue of consciousnesses (M.M. Bakhtin) carried out inside and outside his character.

CONFLICTOLOGICAL COMPETENCE OF A POLICE OFFICER AS A CONDITION FOR THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY

The article considers the current problems of conflictological competence of a police officer as a condition for the effectiveness of professional activity in the process of functioning and development of the system of internal affairs bodies. For the first time in the theory of conflictological science, the author’s (A. V. Mayorov, V. V. Bazelyuk) definition and interpretation of a new branch of scientific knowledge “criminological conflictology” is given . For the first time, general requirements that should be imposed on the conflictological competence of a police officer are defined and recorded. The conceptual and categorical field of the phenomenon “criminal conflict” is analyzed . Typical mistakes of police officers in resolving conflict situations arising in the performance of official tasks are revealed . The dynamics, stages of development, models and strategies of behavior (styles) in a criminal conflict are shown . Substantial characteristics of conflict personality types are given, based on character accentuations and socio-psychological styles of behavior. Communication techniques and speech techniques that increase the effectiveness of professional actions of a police officer in the process of resolving a criminal conflict are presented. Practical methods of self-regulation of emotional and psychological states of a police officer in the context of the problem under consideration are shown. Recommendations are given for developing visual diagnostic skills and compiling a socio-psychological portrait of a subject of a criminal conflict. The result of the practical part of the study was a description of a step-by-step practice-oriented algorithm of competent behavior of a police officer in the process of a criminal conflict, adapted and successfully tested by A. P. Zykov The final conclusion is that the conflictological competence of a police officer is not only an important indicator of his professional competence, but also has a significant impact on the social assessment of the effectiveness of the law enforcement agencies.

Characteristics of Ethnic Identity in Individuals with Character Accentuation

The article deals with the problem of ethnic identity in individuals with character accentuation in the context of modern multi-ethnic society. As a key component of social identity, ethnic identity affects interethnic interaction and social behavior. Loss of ethnic identity can lead to negative emotional reactions and destructive behaviors. Just as character accentuations manifest themselves in the form of disharmonic types of ethnic identity. The study covered 160 students under the age of 25. The experimental group consisted of 80 respondents with different accentuations of character. The study of character accentuations was carried out with the help of the Dvorchenko Test of Personal Accentuations (TPA), a modified version of the Patodiagnostic questionnaire by Lichko. Ethnic identity was studied using the methodology “Types of Ethnic Identity” by Soldatova and Ryzhova. The results showed that among individuals with character accentuations, the most common are the hysteric (61.25%), schizoid (25%) and epileptoid types of accentuation (22.5%). Ethnic indifference prevails in this group, while positive ethnic identity dominates students with no character accentuations. Statistical analysis using the Fisher angular transformation confirmed significant differences between the groups. For the positive ethnic identity parameter in the control sample, the incidence was higher than in accentuated (φ=3.18, p 0.01). While the type of ethnic indifference is significantly higher in the group of individuals with character accents (φ=1.73, p=0.05). The data analysis indicates that individuals with character accentuations show a low level of interest in issues of ethnic identity and are inclined to ethnic indifference. These findings underscore the need to take into account psychological characteristics in the analysis of ethnic identity.

Акцентуации характера у пациенток эстетической медицины как факторы восприятия своей внешности и основания для выбора стратегии взаимодействия при оказании услуг

<p><strong>Introduction</strong>. Perceptual processing of one's own face plays a role in reducing self-identity and sense of self. Despite extensive research into the ability to recognize other people's faces, self-face perception remains an understudied area. In this perceptual processing, our faces are influenced by the medical and psychophysiological conditions of the individual. For example, accentuation of character can affect the perception of one’s own face. Understanding these processes is important for developing a patient-centered approach, personalized strategies for supporting and treating patients with different characterological characteristics who seek aesthetic medicine services. <strong>Objective</strong>. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between character accentuations and perception of one’s own face. <strong>Methods.</strong> The study involved 86 women aged from 20 to 65 years (mean age 39±13 years). Oculomotor activity was recorded using a Gazepoint HD 150 Hz eye tracker. To measure personality accentuations, a questionnaire developed by K. Leonhard and G. Shmishek in 1970 was used. <strong>Results.</strong> When examining one's own face, the characteristics of eye movements reflect the patients' attitude towards themselves, associated with certain psychological characteristics of the individual. Thus, women with dysthymic personality traits tend to scrutinize their appearance, while women with excitable personality traits tend to focus on the positive aspects of visual information. Pedantry correlates with the number of returns and fixations on attractive features, which may reflect a desire to maintain a positive sense of self. Exaltation is associated with the length of the scanning path, the number of saccades on attractive features, which also reflects a positive self-perception. The personal profiles of the study participants are characterized by accentuated traits, among which the hyperthymic and exalted type of character accentuation predominates.The patients were divided into subgroups depending on which areas of the face they looked at more often and for longer - attractive or problem areas of the face. The study showed that, depending on their predominant personality traits, patients either looked primarily at attractive features or focused on facial flaws. <strong>Conclusion</strong>. Based on the data presented, it was concluded that it is advisable to carry out express diagnostics of the psychological characteristics of patients at the initial appointment in a cosmetology clinic. An initial psychological examination of the patient provides important information about the characterological characteristics of the individual and the perception of attractive features and flaws of his face, which will allow the doctor to predict difficulties that may arise during further medical interventions, as well as improve the level of mutual understanding and communication between patients and the doctor.</p>

Psychological peqularities of behaviour of a person with various addictions

The purpose of the article is to carry out a theoretical analysis of scientific sources on the study of psychological characteristics of behaviour of a person with various addictions. Methods. The article uses the methods of theoretical study of scientific literature: analysis, synthesis, abstraction, and generalisation. Results. A review of the theoretical and empirical basis of research on the psychological characteristics of addictive behaviour of individuals suggests that the problem of addictions is relevant, widely represented and studied by scientists in various aspects. There is an increase and thoroughness of scientific research on non-chemical (behavioural) addictions. Among Ukrainian researchers, the predominant topics are the study of psychological features of the formation of addictive behaviour in modern youth, the influence of the family on the formation of addictive behaviour, urge addiction and workaholism, psychological features of food addiction, Internet addiction, etc. Conclusions. The family system is the basis for the development of individual psychological factors of predisposition to addictive behaviour (attachment styles, the level of manifestation of character accentuations, resistance to emotional stress, etc.) Dependence on psychoactive substances is considered a complex and chronic condition. Due to the legalisation of cannabis products in a number of countries, its availability is increasing. Accessibility is one of the negative factors in the development of chemical dependence. The distinction between non-problematic behaviour and behavioural addiction (workaholism, overeating, internet addiction, gambling, etc.) in everyday life is very vague, and negative consequences for a person's health and well-being can be an evidence of addiction. Signs of established addiction (chemical and non-chemical) are: impaired control over behaviour, prioritisation, continuation and escalation of behaviour despite negative consequences. Until recently, the tools for empirical research on addictive behaviour were mainly developed and improved for the study of substance dependence and were used to study all types of addictions, including behavioural ones. At the present level, there are two trends: the use of existing tools for the study of addictions; development and implementation of new methods for chemical (substance dependence) and non-chemical (behavioural) addictions.

Psychological Prevention of Suicidal Behavior in Adolescents

The article is devoted to the analysis of psychological factors in the formation of suicidal behavior in adolescents. The following personal characteristics of adolescents are considered that predispose them to suicidal behavior, such as emotionally labile, cycloid and hysterical types of character accentuation. Character traits of adolescents with borderline personality disorders, such as instability of emotions, impulsivity, and a tendency toward self-aggression, can provoke suicidal intentions and attempts. Social isolation, rejection by peers, and conflicts in the family can lead to psychological trauma and suicidal reactions in adolescence. Suicidal behavior in adolescence can be a reaction to traumatic situations associated with violence, abuse, and sexual harassment. Various methods of psychological prevention of suicidal behavior are considered. An effective method for preventing suicidal behavior in adolescents is the formation of resilience and resource states of the individual, and early diagnosis of risk groups plays an important role in the prevention of suicidal behavior. The emphasis is on the need to increase the psychological competence of parents, teachers and specialists in recognizing and preventing suicidal behavior, as well as on interdepartmental interaction and coordination of services at all levels of the prevention system.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE OF YOUNG PEOPLE WITH DIFFERENT ACCENTUATIONS OF CHARACTER

The purpose of the work is to show the results of a theoretical and empirical study of the features of the emotional intelligence of young people with different accents and styles of humor. Methodology. 88 young men of late adolescence took part in the study - students of Kyiv secondary schools. Methods: 1) theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific literature on research issues; 2) diagnostic standardized methods: diagnostic test of character accentuation types (A.E. Lychko); emotional self-awareness test (O.I. Vlasova); questionnaire of emotional intelligence (D.V. Lusin); empathy questionnaire (Mehrabiana); questionnaire "Styles of humor" (Martin; 3) Descriptive statistics and the Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the relationships between the results of the empirical study. The results. The researchers found that the most developed interpersonal emotional intelligence is characteristic of young people with a labile accentuation type, who are characterized by low self-awareness and high mood variability. High intrapersonal emotional intelligence is significantly associated with the astheno-neurotic type of accentuation, which is characterized by increased mental and physical fatigue and irritability in everyday life. This type of accentuation of the character turned out to be predominant among the researched (22%). Regarding the use of humor by the researched people, it was found that young men with demonstrative and hyperthymic types of character accentuations prefer an aggressive style of humor, which is destructive in content and directed at others. This significantly distinguishes them from young men of the age-standard development, for whom the most characteristic is a self-supporting style of humorous attitude to life events, which has a constructive meaning and productively affects the personality of the young man and his environment.

Индивидуально-типологические детерминанты конфликтологической компетентности сотрудников полиции

The relevance of the study is due to the high level of conflict in the professional activities of police officers and insufficient development of the issue of conflictological competence in the context of the individual typological approach. In the article the author discusses conflictological competence as a specific type of professional competence. The psychological content and scheme of the research analysis of the components of conflicto-logical competence of the police officers are revealed. The indicators of conflictological competence / incom-petence for reflexive-evaluative, emotional-volitional, motivational-value and behavioral components are rec-orded. The severity of the police officers’s of individual typological characteristics has been analyzed. Negative characteristics provoking manifestations of conflictological incompetence of police officers by type of character accentuations (hyperthymic and emotive), which are expressed at the level of tendency or have a high degree of representation, are considered. Based on the results of the correlation analysis, it is shown that conflictologi-cal competencies are represented to varying degrees among police officers, taking into account their individual typological characteristics.

Distinctive Characteristics of Destructive Conflicts Among Students

The paper considers the concept of "destructive conflict" and its significant characteristics; the causes and consequences of the emergence of destructive conflicts in student age are studied; the interrelation of personal features of students with behavioral reactions in a destructive conflict is analyzed.Conflicts are constantly present in relationships between people and play a key role in the life of a person, family, team, state, society and the person as a whole. The student society also cannot do without conflicts, as many different problems arise in it. Student problems are very diverse and large-scale, and most of all they are associated with the educational process and the individual and personal characteristics of a person. During the educational process, students need to adequately assess both their level of stress resistance and the degree of severity of personality conflict. Students need to learn how to effectively use various ways to overcome conflict behavior, to be able to detect and understand conflictogens that can lead to conflict escalation.The purpose of the psychological research presented in the work was a multidimensional study of the features of the course of destructive conflicts in the student environment.The scientific article presents the results of a study of such characteristics as character accentuations; aggressiveness; tactics of behavior in the conflict. Thanks to the conducted psychological experiment, interconnected sets were identified, including both personal characteristics and styles of behavior in conflict. These parameters were calculated using the computer program STATISTICA 13.5.0.17.The work used such methodological approaches as axiological, humanistically oriented, systemic. Scientific methods of psychological research were: organizational methods; theoretical analysis of literary sources on the research problem; empirical methods: observation, psychodiagnostic methods.

Physical and geographical correlates of deviant behavior

AIM: To study the potential role of physical environmental factors in the development of deviant behavior in population groups residing in different territories.
 MATERIAL AND METHODS: At the initial phase of the study, we identified the key physical and geographical factors of the environment and assessed the indicators of social and criminal tension in 14 regions of Russia. In total, 1815 male and female students, aged 18–28 years, who were native residents of the selected regions, participated in the field research. During the field stage, the psychological state of the participants was assessed using the Freiburg multifactorial personality questionnaire. This assessment included evaluating character accentuations, suggestibility, frustration, irritability, adventurousness, as well as social activity and destructiveness. Additionally, the participants’ «prosociality-asociality» and type of behavioral activity (A–B) were examined. The subjects’ experience with psychoactive substances was self-reported. Associations between the variables were studied by correlation analysis.
 RESULTS: The average annual temperature was inversely associated with crime rates (p=0.012), number of abortions (p=0.0001), degree of alcoholization (p=0.004), and the proportion of smokers (p=0.011) in the population. Positive correlations were observed between annual temperature, and the level of narcotic substances consumption (p=0.05 and p=0.23 for men and women, respectively), spontaneous aggressiveness (p=0.63 and p=0.024), frustration (p=0.63 and p=0.024), irritability (p=0.068 and p=0.004), asociality (p=0.004 and p=0.247). Lower temperatures were associated with, greater single dose of alcohol (p=0.086 and p=0.033 in men and women, respectively), suggestibility (p=0.189 and p=0.049), emotivity (p=0.21 and p=0.05). The comfort of the environment was inversely associated with suicide rates (p=0.039). In men, comfort was positively associated with consumption of narcotic substances (p=0.05), reactive aggressiveness (p=0.024), irritability (p=0.041), asociality (p=0.011), adventurism (p=0.001), and severity of cardiotype A (p=0.018) while political activity correlated inversely with comfort (p=0.035).
 CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that physical and geographical factors correlate with social, psychological and behavioral deviations among Russian students.

Interrelation between Character Accentuations and Defense Mechanisms in University Students

This article aims to study possible relationships between character accentuations and psychological defense mechanisms in university students. The Leonhard–Shmishek test questionnaire “Personality Accentuations” and the Plutchik–Kellerman–Conte questionnaire “Life Style Index” were used. The results were analyzed using correlation, for which the Spearman r-coefficient was used. The significance of differences between the groups was calculated using the Kruskal–Wallis H-test, and a comparative analysis of the indicator percentages was also conducted. It was found that hyperthymic, emotive, and exalted accentuations prevailed among the students surveyed. Furthermore, it was concluded that students with hyperthymic accentuation tend to use the denial defense mechanism; rationalization is inherent in students with emotive accentuation, and substitution is inherent in students with exalted accentuation. The data obtained allow for the following conclusion: the characteristic features of accentuations can influence the choice and use of certain defense mechanisms. The research results expand the possibilities in psychological and pedagogical work at the university to help students who have difficulty adapting, in academic performance, and in self-determination.
 
 Received: 21 August 2023 / Accepted: 24 November 2023 / Published: 5 January 2024

FEATURES OF CHARACTER ACCENTUATIONS, COPING STRATEGIES AND ANXIETY IN THE FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT AREAS OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING

The article describes the study the purpose of which was to determine the accentuation of character, coping strategies and anxiety in the 1st year students of different areas of vocational training. The study involved first-year students of Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University in various fields of vocational training. The following methods were used: the K. Leonhard – N. Shmishek test questionnaire; the method “Overcoming difficult life situations” by V. Janke, G. Erdmann (adaptation by N. E. Vodopyanova) and the Spielberger-Khanin anxiety scale (STAI). Students of the direction of “Electricity supply”, significantly more than students of the direction of “Transportation process management”, revealed the accentuation of the character “Cyclothymic type”; these students are more prone to changing emotions, more often go to extremes, experiencing either great joy or a deep apathetic state under the influence of external circumstances. Students of the “Electricity Supply” direction have a large repertoire of effective coping strategies compared to the other group, which can contribute to a more successful adaptation to university studies. The analysis of correlations has shown the importance of personal anxiety in the personal profile of students in two areas of training. The situational anxiety is less significant for these groups, but, nevertheless, it manifests itself in connection with individual character accentuations. The hypotheses of the study were partially confirmed.

Satisfaction with marriage, personality traits of the spouses and the choice of strategies for overcoming family conflicts.

The paper considers satisfaction with marriage as a basic characteristic that forms the stability of marital relations. An overview of approaches to the study of this phenomenon from the perspective of external and internal, social and personal, variable and stable factors is presented. The subject of the study is strategies for overcoming conflict and personality characteristics of spouses with varying satisfaction with marriage. The novelty of the study is associated with an attempt to consider the sphere of matrimony from the point of view of the behavioral, affective and motivational component, to give a pilot characterization of the overall picture of how personality accentuations and non-constructive ways of resolving conflict situations are expressed in a group of subjects with low satisfaction with marriage. To suggest possible directions for further work and deepening the study of factors affecting marital satisfaction. This approach is useful for forming the principles of accompanying married couples. The test - questionnaire of satisfaction with marriage, developed by V.V. Stolin, T.L. Romanova, G.P. Butenko. The methodology for diagnosing tactics of behavior in conflict by K. N. Thomas. In our country, the test was adapted by N.V. Grishina. Assessment of character accentuation according to the Shmishek method. The main conclusions of the study found differences in the severity of the types of accentuations, in the group of subjects with high satisfaction with marriage, the severity of accentuations is lower, it was also found that the degree of personality accentuation in affective indicators is higher in the group with low satisfaction with marriage. The differences are also related to the type of conflict resolution strategy, in the group with high satisfaction with marriage, cooperation and compromise are more often chosen, this group has a wide variety of conflict resolution strategies, in the group with a low level of satisfaction with marriage, non-constructive strategies are more often chosen - avoidance, rivalry, adaptation, which leads to an even greater decrease in marital satisfaction among the subjects. The novelty of the approach in this work is associated with an attempt to study behavioral and personal characteristics, identify opportunities for comprehensive research

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ФАКТОРОВ ВЫГОРАНИЯ СТУДЕНТОВ МЕДИЦИНСКОГО ВУЗА

The article deals with the emotional burnout and identification of early signs of maladaptation in medical university students. The causes of emotional burnout among students of secondary vocational medical education can be various, including overload with academic assignments and exams, lack of social support, problems with personal life, financial difficulties and constraints in interaction with other students and teachers.The authors conduct a comparative study of the student groups of 1st (50 people) and 2nd (26 people) year of secondary vocational education and applicants in 2022 (370 people) and 2023 (321 people) admission to a medical university. To describe the main psychological characteristics of persons belonging to those groups, as well as to identify the relationship between the level of empathic abilities and the severity of character accentuations with the likelihood to occur for symptoms of emotional burnout in the learning process, on the basis of the Russian University of Medicine, applicants were surveyed and students were tested within the framework of secondary professional medical education using the following psychodiagnostic methods. The severity of the symptoms of emotional burnout was assessed using the method “Diagnosis of the level of emotional burnout” by V. Boyko; the features of the processes of empathy were studied by the method of V. Boyko “Diagnosis of the level of empathic abilities”. The features of the personal sphere, professional prospects and values are also studied using the methods of Shmishek-Leonhard, FPP and DDO by E.A. Klimov

Акцентуации характера, ценностные ориентации и агрессивность подростков как факторы риска совершения правонарушений несовершеннолетними

<p style="text-align: justify;">Juvenile delinquency is an important problem facing our society at the moment. In the re-search work, various theoretical methods were used, the “Adapted adolescent questionnaire of Leonhard-Schmishek”, the “Questionnaire of the level of aggressiveness of Bass-Perry” methods, the S. Schwartz “Value orientations” method. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U-test and the Pearson correlation coefficient. The characterological features of juvenile offenders, the level of their aggressiveness and the system of value orientations were identified. Most offenders have an excitable, hyperthymic and emotive type of accentuations, a high level of aggressiveness and a different value system to the control group. Statistically significant correlations were found between character accentuations, the level of aggressiveness and value orientations. The obtained data make it possible to increase the effectiveness of preventive work with adolescents, their parents and teachers.</p>

Endogenous conditioning of a person’s propensity for risky behavior

The aim of the work was to identify factors of genetic and phenotypic conditionality of a persons propensity for risky behavior. The study involved 300 people, men and women aged 1825, residents of 6 regions of the Russian Federation. Psychological status of the study participants by evaluating the indicators of the Freiburg multifactorial personality questionnaire, character accentuations, suggestibility, frustration, irritability and resentment, adventurousness, behavior and social activity. The functional status was assessed by the level of general non-specific reactivity of the organism. Genetic research was carried out by PCR. Investigate the genotypes of polymorphisms rs6923492 (GRM1), rs6280 (DRD3), rs1851048 (CACNA2D3), rs2562456 (ZNF). As a result of the study, the systematic organization of genetic and phenotypic mechanisms for the formation of a persons propensity for risky behavior is substantiated. As a result of the performed studies, the systematic organization of genetic and phenotypic mechanisms of the individual formation of a persons propensity for risky behavior is substantiated. The predisposition to risk behavior in men and women is due to the SNP rs1851048 (CACNA2D3), as well as increased levels of irritability, neuroticism, reactive aggressiveness, emotional lability, resentment, and the severity of cardiotype A.

Diagnostics and correction of adverse personal and behavioral manifestations of adolescent cadets in the process of moral education

Introduction. One of the priority tasks of Russian education is the task of moral and patriotic education of students. It is fully implemented in the cadet education system. Psychological conditions for the formation of the experience of moral behavior of cadets is the diagnosis and correction of negative personal and behavioral manifestations of students in critical and conflict situations. The correction is aimed at overcoming the destructive behavior of pupils and creating a positive personal basis for the formation of the moral orientation of cadets.Materials and Methods. Theoretical methods: analysis of scientific publications, psychological and pedagogical literature; method of generalization and systematization of information. Empirical methods: testing. Methods of data analysis quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis, interpretive analysis.Results. The essential role of diagnostics is noted in identifying personal characteristics (character accentuations, aggressiveness of adolescents), as well as their behavioral manifestations (behavior in conflict), which are an obstacle to the organization of effective work on the formation of the experience of moral behavior of cadet corps students. Recommendations are given on the harmonization of the personal characteristics of cadets and the education of their moral qualities.Discussion and Conclusions. One of the directions of moral education of adolescent cadets is the proactive diagnosis and correction of personal qualities and behavioral manifestations that lead to destructive behavior. As a result of the study, the most characteristic personality traits and behavioral manifestations for adolescent cadets were identified.