Channel Area Research Articles

Effects of increasing orbital number on the field transformation in focused vortex beams

Acoustic vortex beams possess helical wavefronts characterized by an orbital number n. In the presence of focusing, the toroidal vortex ring for n = 1 moves out of the focal plane z = d and toward the source with increasing n, accompanied by a departure from its toroidal shape. In this talk, ray theory is developed to explain this field transformation. An expression is derived for the radius and cross-sectional area of the annular channel formed by the family of rays emanating from a thin circular ring centered at the origin in the source plane z = 0. This expression leads to explicit results for the field amplitude and caustic coordinates due to a focused vortex source with an arbitrary axisymmetric amplitude distribution. Comparison with field calculations in which diffraction is included demonstrate that the caustics describe the redistribution of the global maximum and its shift toward the source plane with increasing n. For moderate focusing gains (of order 10 or 20), a toroidal vortex ring for n = 1 transforms with increasing n into a spheroidal surface in the prefocal region 0 < z < d having volume nλd 2/6, where λ is the wavelength, inside of which exists a shadow zone. [C.A.G. was supported by the ARL:UT McKinney Fellowship in Acoustics.]

Understanding Morphological Dynamics of the Mahanadi River Reach

Abstract This work examines specific river morphometry parameters like bank erosion, active channel bank shift, and the sinuous behavior at identified stretches of the Mahanadi River. The specific stretches of the Mahanadi River from Baipur to Gopinathpur, Cuttack of around 270 km have been subdivided into five different reaches to simplify the study from a large scale to an average range. The Digital Shoreline Analysis System was used to investigate the river bank shifting and for the bank shifting prediction using Kalman Filter Model. The outcomes of the work show that, for the most part, the Mahanadi River is sinuous; however, at Kantilo, which is designated as reach four is meandering. In terms of Sinuosity, most reaches are unstable, whereas reaches 2 and 3 are stable. The flow area ratio to channel area has fallen by 25-30% due to the construction of barrages and dams in the upper portion of the Mahanadi River, affecting aquatic life, people and industries. At the same time, due to climate change, irregular rainfall causes floods in the lower reach of the river. The river flow erodes the bank along which it flows, even when the discharge is minimal. According to the bank shift analysis, the right bank is more unstable, ranging from 222 to -2900 m, while the left bank fluctuates from 996 to -1600 m. This study will help to understand the pattern of river bank shifting and change in the planform dynamics at the respective locations of the Mahanadi River.

Remote sensing assessment of anthropogenic and climate variation effects on river channel morphology and vegetation: Impact of dry periods on a European piedmont river

AbstractRivers are subject to increasing human pressure, resulting in a loss of their natural characteristics, further enhanced by climate change. The present study focuses on a piedmont reach of the Italian Po River and combines Landsat satellite information with hydrological records to investigate changes in sandbars exposure and riparian vegetation coverage, considering the summer period of 1984–2022. Satellite data were handled via Google Earth Engine, looking at common indexes such as the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index, which was used to identify temporal variations in wetted channel area, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, considered as a proxy of vegetation coverage variations. Changes in the river hydrology were analysed by looking at the annual minimum water levels, the discharge duration curve, the stage–discharge relationship and the yearly annual water volume. Results suggest that a process of oversimplification is affecting this reach of the Po River, showing how climate change can affect piedmont European watercourses. Indeed, after an initial period where bars tended to be barer and somehow stable over time, in the most recent decade a different trend appeared, with vegetation able to colonize the exposed sandbars more. Using the Po River as an exemplary case study, this work suggests that prolonged dry periods, which are more common in recent decades, might impact large and medium rivers located in temperate climates, favouring the development of vegetation on exposed sandbars, eventually resulting in a less dynamic active channel.

Analysis Of Ramp Needs On The Citanduy River, District Pangandaran West Java Province

The Citanduy River is a shipping channel with a channel length of 110 miles that serves the Kalipucang - Majingklak Route in Pangandaran Regency, West Java with river sign facilities that do not comply with applicable regulations. The aim of this research is to determine the need for river signs and to evaluate existing river signs. The research and analysis method used is a field survey method, then descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis is carried out in accordance with the Regulation of the Director General of Land Transportation Number: KP. 4755 / AP005 / DRJD / 2020 Concerning Technical Guidelines for River and Lake Signs. The results of this research are that shipping traffic conditions in Majingklak are irregular, even though there are only 3-4 river transportation vessels operating every day, there are 33 private and fishing vessels that traffic in the channel area. The irregularities are caused by the lack of river signs as a means of regulating traffic to create safety, security, order and smooth ship traffic. Conditions in the field are that the number of signs installed is 3 units. The total need for Citanduy river signs is 19 units of Guidance signs with details of D.4 as 3 units, D.22 as many as 3 units, D.21 as many as 2 units, D.23 as many as 4 units, D.24 as many as 4 units, D.6 2 units, D.7 1 unit.

Spatial and temporal groundwater dynamics in extreme arid basins

AbstractTo accurately obtain the spatial distribution characteristics of groundwater level in an extremely arid zone and its dynamic change patterns under the influence of human activities, based on the data of 55 groundwater observation wells in the middle and lower reaches of the Kriya River, spatial interpolation of regional groundwater level data were performed using the inverse distance weight, spline function, trend surface, and the ordinary kriging methods. The optimal interpolation method was selected by its accuracy to spatially interpolate the groundwater level data in the study area from 2019 to 2021. The results show that: (1) the ordinary kriging method has the highest interpolation accuracy (MAE = 7.1393, MRE = 0.0058, RMSE = 9.4314) and reflects the spatial and temporal variability and distribution characteristics of groundwater levels with great accuracy. (2)The relationship between surface water–groundwater recharge and discharge in different areas of the river channel in the desert section varies depending on geological structure, surface water seepage, and other elements. (3) Groundwater in the Taklamakan Desert has little effect on groundwater recharge in the Dariyabui Oasis, and changes in groundwater dynamics in the oasis are predominantly influenced by surface runoff. (4) Monthly changes in groundwater levels in the Yutian Oasis are continuous, with ‘V’ shaped fluctuations, a declining trend in the southern part, no significant change in the central part, and a slight increase in the northern part. These results contribute to the sustainable management of water resources in the Kriya River Basin, provide a basis for groundwater prediction, and offer a reference for studies of other, similar extreme desert area basins.

Non-intrusive, transferable model for coupled turbulent channel-porous media flow based upon neural networks

Turbulent flow over permeable interfaces is omnipresent featuring complex flow topology. In this work, a data-driven, end-to-end machine learning model has been developed to model the turbulent flow in porous media. For the same, we have derived a non-linear reduced order model (ROM) with a deep convolution autoencoder. This model can reduce highly resolved spatial dimensions, which is a prerequisite for direct numerical simulation, by 99%. A downstream recurrent neural network has been trained to capture the temporal trend of reduced modes; thus, it is able to provide future evolution of modes. We further evaluate the trained model's capability on a newer dataset with a different porosity. In such cases, fine-tuning could reduce the efforts (up to two-order of magnitude) to train a model with limited dataset (10%) and knowledge and still show a good agreement on the mean velocity profile. Especially, the fine-tuned model shows a better agreement in the porous domain than the channel and interface areas indicating the topological feature is less challenging for training than the multi-scale nature of the turbulent flows. Leveraging the current model, we find that even quick fine-tuning achieves an impressive order-of-magnitude reduction in training time by approximately O(102) and still results in effective flow predictions. This promising discovery encourages the fast development of a substantial amount of data-driven models tailored for various types of porous media. The diminished training time substantially lowers the computational cost when dealing with changing porous topologies, making it feasible to systematically explore interface engineering with different types of porous media.

Characterizing Erosion and Deposition in and Around Riparian Vegetation Patches: Complex Flow Hydraulics, Sediment Supply, and Morphodynamic Feedbacks

AbstractRiparian vegetation plays a fundamental role in alluvial channel evolution by modifying flow and sedimentation dynamics. To elucidate the roles of sediment supply, flow‐dependent transport capacity, and morphodynamic feedbacks on the evolution of emergent vegetation patches over a single hydrograph, we conducted two experiments with different reach‐scale sediment supplies: a high‐supply experiment (HSE) and low‐supply experiment (LSE). We measured flow velocities, bedload transport, and topographic changes around a full‐scale patch of live emergent willows in an outdoor laboratory flume. Erosion occurred in the patch‐adjacent channel areas irrespective of the sediment supply, whereas deposition within the patch interior was suppressed in the LSE and enhanced in the HSE. The magnitude of patch deposition in each experiment was controlled by the local sediment supply to the patch and local sediment mobility during each discharge in the hydrograph. The local sediment supply was affected by bed morphodynamics at the patch head, which modulated the reach‐scale sediment supply by redistributing the bedload in the channel. Sediment mobility within the patch was flow‐dependent and a function of velocity and turbulent kinetic energy. For different discharges, the velocity in the patch changed proportionally with the freestream velocity; however, the turbulent kinetic energy was more sensitive, being elevated compared with the freestream during high flows and inhibited at low flows. Therefore, deposition and erosion within vegetation patches are not simply functions of the reach‐scale sediment supply or patch flow characteristics, as is often assumed, but additionally depend on the local sediment supply to the patch interior.

Identifying transient storage model parameters in karst conduits using the normal-score ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation

Transient storage model (TSM) is widely used to describe solute transport processes in karst areas. Accurately identifying model parameters is essential for predicting and mitigating groundwater contamination. This paper employs the normal-score ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation (NS-ES-MDA) algorithm to automatically identify model parameters (cross-sectional area of main channel A, dispersion coefficient D, cross-sectional area of storage zone As, and exchange coefficient α), while evaluating their uncertainty across four cases: identification of only model parameters (case 1), model parameters alongside tracer parameters (case 2), model parameters with conduit length (case 3), and all three –model parameters, tracer parameters, and conduit length (case 4). We examine the variations in uncertainty of model parameters when tracer parameters and/or conduit length are known or unknown. We further investigate the effects of concentration observation limits and observation error variance on the identification performance. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can successfully identify model parameters, even in cases where tracer parameters and/or conduit length are unknown, although with a certain level of uncertainty. However, the calibration of tracer parameters leads to an increase in uncertainty for A and D, and a slight rise in uncertainty for α. The calibration of conduit length significantly elevates the uncertainties of A and As and causes an increase in uncertainty for D. Compared with tracer parameters, conduit length causes larger uncertainty in A and As. The identification performance significantly deteriorates when the tail of observed breakthrough curve (BTC) is truncated, and reaches its peak at an observation error variance of 1 × 10-4. This implies that it is crucial to monitor the tail in BTC and to assign a reasonable observation error when using this method to identify model parameters. Although these findings are derived from a synthetic karst conduit, they offer valuable insights for identifying model parameters as tracer data and/or conduit length are uncertain in field conditions.

3D-CFD analysis of bedload transport in channel bifurcations

Abstract The aim of this research was to numerically reproduce bedload transport processes in channel bifurcations and thereby evaluate the methodology and feasibility of 3D-computational fluid dynamics (CFD) bedload transport simulations. This was carried out by numerically replicating two physical model investigations of channel bifurcations: research conducted by Bulle in 1926 and a large-scale channel bifurcation investigated at the Kassel University hydraulic laboratory. The numerical results were evaluated by comparing bedload distributions in the channel areas, formations of bedload depositions and development of bedload over time. The numerical simulations of Bulle's model were conducted for different boundary conditions, numerical parameters, sediment grain sizes, flow rates, flow distributions on the two channel branches and for longer running simulations. The investigations of the Kassel University bifurcation were carried out for different sediment types, which influences the numerical parameters, as well as for different flow distributions and channel width/depth ratios. Finally, structures for deflection of bedload into the straight channel were investigated. The results showed that bedload movement can be successfully simulated with 3D-CFD models, even in complex hydraulic conditions. Based on the obtained results, important indicators and recommendations for the application of 3D-CFD bedload transport simulations were acquired.

Engineering of Candida antarctica Lipase B for Enhanced Perhydrolysis Activity by Modulating the Potential Water Channel

AbstractAlthough Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL‐B) naturally hydrolyzes an ester compounds, it can catalyze a variety of promiscuous reactions, such as perhydrolysis, aldol reaction, and Michael‐type reactions. Perhydrolysis is similar to hydrolysis but uses hydrogen peroxide instead of water molecules. It was recently proposed that water molecules access the active site of CAL‐B through a water channel. We hypothesized that hydrogen peroxide may also use the channel to enter the active site, and that the access of hydrogen peroxide is one of the key factors for perhydrolysis activity. We investigated the effects of mutations at two residues in the water channel of CAL‐B on the perhydrolysis activity. The residues, Pro280 and Ala281, are located at the constricted area of the water channel. We found that the substitution of Ala281 to a small and polar amino acid, such as serine or threonine, resulted in a noticeable increase in hydrolysis and perhydrolysis activity. The activity of the variant enzymes was up to three times and twice higher for the activities of hydrolysis and perhydrolysis, respectively, than those of CAL‐B. In contrast, the substitution of the Pro280 residue with a small and polar amino acid decreased both hydrolysis and perhydrolysis activities.

Optimization of DE-QG TFET using novel CIP and DCT techniques

In this paper, two novel techniques Channel-Intermediate-Pocket (CIP) and Dual-Channel-Type (DCT) are proposed to optimize the Drain Engineered-Quadruple Gate TFET (DE-QG TFET). The proposed DCT technique is realized by making half of the channel area with lightly doped n- and the other half with the lightly doped p- channel. The CIP technique is implemented by inserting a pocket exactly at the junction of lightly doped n- &p- channel regions. Using the proposed techniques, the Ioff is reduced by ∼3.3 times (2 × 10-17 A/μm), the Iamb is reduced by a magnitude of two orders (2.39 × 10-17 A/μm) and by using the Dual-Oxide technique, the Ion is increased by 5 times (0.641 mA/μm) that of the conventional DE-QG TFET. Also, a steeper subthreshold swing (SS) of ∼57 mV/dec and one order of magnitude increase in the Ion/Ioff ratio of 3.19 × 1013 is achieved. Further, the peak overshoot voltage is suppressed by 86%, the transconductance (gm) is increased by ∼3 times (757 μA/V), and both the cut-off frequency (fT) and the Gain Bandwidth Product (GBW) are increased by ∼2.3 times (49 GHz & 5.2 GHz) respectively. The proposed device is mainly targeted towards Analog/RF applications.

Cleanroom-Free Direct Laser Micropatterning of Polymers for Organic Electrochemical Transistors in Logic Circuits and Glucose Biosensors.

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are promising devices for bioelectronics, such as biosensors. However, current cleanroom-based microfabrication of OECTs hinders fast prototyping and widespread adoption of this technology for low-volume, low-cost applications. To address this limitation, a versatile and scalable approach for ultrafast laser microfabrication of OECTs is herein reported, where a femtosecond laser to pattern insulating polymers (such as parylene C or polyimide) is first used, exposing the underlying metal electrodes serving as transistor terminals (source, drain, or gate). After the first patterning step, conducting polymers, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), or semiconducting polymers, are spin-coated on the device surface. Another femtosecond laser patterning step subsequently defines the active polymer area contributing to the OECT performance by disconnecting the channel and gate from the surrounding spin-coated film. The effective OECT width can be defined with high resolution (down to 2µm) in less than a second of exposure. Micropatterning the OECT channel area significantly improved the transistor switching performance in the case of PEDOT:PSS-based transistors, speeding up the devices by two orders of magnitude. The utility of this OECT manufacturing approach is demonstrated by fabricating complementary logic (inverters) and glucose biosensors, thereby showing its potential to accelerate OECT research.

Optimal design of locally improved structure for enhancing mass transfer in PEMFC cathode flow field

At high current density, the mass transfer in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is significantly influenced by the flow field structure. In this paper, a bilateral track flow field (BTFF) is proposed to improve the transverse and longitudinal mass transfer as well as the water removal capacity of PEMFC. The geometry of the BTFF is optimized by orthogonal tests to obtain the optimal combination of geometric parameters and levels. Then using numerical modeling, the impact of the optimized BTFF (BT6) on the efficiency of the PEMFC was examined. The results show that BT6 significantly improves the utilization of the under-rib region by shortening the reactive gas diffusion path length to obtain a more uniform oxygen distribution, and the average oxygen concentration in the midline of the under-rib of the BT6 is increased by 102.60%, furthermore, the current density is increased by 16.32% compared with that of the parallel flow field (case0). In addition, by reducing the cross-sectional area of the gas flow channel, the BT6 has a higher gas flow velocity, which accelerates the removal of cathode liquid water, and the average liquid water saturation in the midline of the under-rib of the BT6 is reduced by 15.26% compared with case0. Finally, by analyzing the net power density of PEMFC, it can be found that the net power density of BT6 is increased by 15.68% compared with case0, which has good practical application value.

Evaluation of Mixing Effect on Coupled Heat Release and Transfer Performance of a Novel Segregated Solid Rocket Motor

The effect of mixing on coupled heat release and transfer performance of a novel segregated solid motor is numerically evaluated with a transient two-dimensional combustion model. The results show that vortex structures are formed and evolved in the combustion chamber. Quantitative calculation of the mixing effect shows the inhomogeneous distribution of oxidant and fuel species. The well-mixing area is located in a narrow belt-like coupled combustion region near the burning surface of the propellant. Heat transfer coefficient decreases greatly due to lower combustion reaction rate and enlarged flow channel area. Heat transfer coefficients near the two ends of the propellant grain are higher than other parts due to the influence of vortex mixing. Raising the inlet mass flow rate leads to enhanced mixing and heat transfer, which results in a lower temperature and regression rate of the propellant with combustion time. Temperature and oxidation rates of H2 and CO are unevenly distributed in the boundary layer of coupled combustion. Increasing the mass flux of inlet oxidizer gas leads to a higher combustion heat release rate. Therefore, the gas-phase temperature increases significantly. The heat release rate reaches the maximum near the ends of the propellant grain, where vortex mixing strengthens the coupled combustion process in the motor.

Construction of Co-ZIF-derived CoS2@Cu hollow heterogeneous nanotube array for the detection of hydrazine in environmental water samples

As a neurotoxin, it is necessary to establish a low cost, stable and sensitive method for the quantitative detection of hydrazine. Using Co-ZIF (zeolite imidazole framework) nanorods as precursor, CoS2 hollow nanotube array heterogeneous structure loaded with Cu nanoparticles were prepared on carbon cloth (CC) by etching, calcination and plasma magnetron sputtering (CoS2@Cu HNTA/CC). As a self-supporting electrode, its hollow heterogeneous structure provides a large area of electron transfer channel for the oxidation of the food pollutant hydrazine. In addition, bimetallic synergies and in situ N doping regulated the electronic structure of CoS2@Cu HNTA/CC, and thus significantly improved the electrical conductivity and catalytic activity. As an efficient hydrazine sensor with a wide linear range of 1 μM L−1-10 mM (1 μM-1 mM and 1 mM–10 mM), its sensitivity and the limit of detection are 7996 μA mM−1 cm−2, 3772 μA mM−1 cm−2 and 0.276 μM (S/N = 3), respectively. This study provides a new strategy for the construction of MOFs (Metal Organic Framework)-derived bimetallic composites and their application in electrochemical sensing.

Primeiro registro do Platyfish do Sul, Xiphophorus maculatus (), (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae) em riachos costeiros da Venezuela e implicações para a conservação

Abstract Several fishes of the family Poeciliidae are commonly produced in ornamental aquaculture and also used for pest control, leading to their introduction in numerous countries. Many of these species exhibit tolerance and invasiveness, as exemplified by Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther, 1866). This report documents the presence of X. maculatus in a Caribbean coastal stream in Venezuela. Quizandal Creek has experienced significant human intervention in its lower drainage and channel area. In the final segment of the creek the fish were captured using hand nets and beach seines. The specimens were transported alive to the laboratory for evaluation and subsequently preserved according to standard methods and later were cataloged in the fish collection. 16 males ♂ and 8 females ♀ (16.6-29.4 mm SL. CPUCLA-3630) from the Quizandal Creek, part of the coastal drainage of the Borburata River, were analyzed. This is the first report on the occurrence of Xiphophorus maculatus in natural environments of Venezuela. These coastal streams are situated in a zoogeographic transition zone between regional freshwater ichthyofaunas that have a limited number of species, primarily secondary and amphidromous, which could be susceptible to the presence of introduced species. Xiphophorus fish demonstrate the ability to thrive in highly degraded environments, promoting their dispersion and amplifying the impact on the habitat and local fish, particularly small endemic fish, such as the Rivulidae and Poeciliidae.

Определение количественных значений параметров селепроявлений с использованием БПЛА

As part of the development of improving methods for integrated monitoring of dangerous riverbed and slope processes, the authors worked out options for using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and specialized software in order to improve the quality of materials for field surveys of mudslide sites. The reliability of the quantitative determination of the parameters of mudflows is an urgent problem in assessing the spatial and temporal changes in the parameters of mudflow channels. The purpose of this work is to quantify the dynamics of changes in the landscape of residential areas exposed to negative impacts by determining the quantitative values of morphometric parameters of the mudflow channel and the adjacent territory before and after the passage of the mudflow. In particular, the volumes of soil carried away by the flow, as well as the volume of sediments in different sections of the mudflow transit, were determined. By comparative analysis of the results of software processing of materials from the removal of problem areas of the mudflow channel by a quadcopter, the values of the volumes of carried away soil (4376 m3, at the site of destruction by the flow of the highway) and mudflow deposits (above – 4623 m3, and below – 1788 m3 of the highway bridge) were obtained. Such an information base is indispensable in solving the problems of ensuring the safety of settlements and economic facilities from the negative impact of mudflows.

Numerical simulation on water exchange affected by tidal and runoff in Xiaohai Lagoon, Hainan province

Xiaohai Lagoon is the largest lagoon in Hainan, connected to the open sea through a narrow channel. In this study, a hydrodynamic numerical model based on the FVCOM model is established to quantitatively investigate the water exchange characteristics between Xiaohai Lagoon and the open sea under tidal and runoff conditions, utilizing concepts such as residual flow, tidal prism, and half-life time. Under the influence of runoff effect, the water exchange capacity in the lagoon has significant spatial variations, and the closer the distance to the estuary and inlet compared to the tidal drive, the faster the water exchange. The strongest areas of water exchange capacity in the Xiaohai lagoon are located in the mouth, tidal channel and estuary areas, and the weakest area is the southeastern part of the lagoon. The simulation results showed that the runoff input has a certain promotion effect on the water exchange in the lagoon, especially in the scouring effect of freshwater in the estuary area, the easier the water exchange between the sea areas.

Permanent magnet systems to study the interaction between magnetic nanoparticles and cells in microslide channels

We optimized designs of permanent magnet systems to study the effect of magnetic nanoparticles on cell cultures in microslide channels. This produced two designs, one of which is based on a large cylindrical magnet that applies a uniform force density of 6MN/m3 on soft magnetic iron-oxide spherical nanoparticles at a field strength of over 300mT. We achieved a force uniformity of better than 14% over the channel area, leading to a concentration variation that was below our measurement resolution. The second design was aimed at maximizing the force by using a Halbach array. We indeed increased the force by more than one order of magnitude at force density values over 400MN/m3, but at the cost of uniformity. However, the latter system can be used to trap magnetic nanoparticles efficiently and to create concentration gradients. We demonstrated both designs by analyzing the effect of magnetic forces on the cell viability of human hepatoma HepG2 cells in the presence of bare Fe2O3 and cross-linked dextran iron-oxide cluster-type particles (MicroMod). Python scripts for magnetic force calculations and particle trajectory modeling as well as source files for 3D prints have been made available so these designs can be easily adapted and optimized for other geometries.

Parallel Channel Identification and Elimination Method Based on the Spatial Position Relationship of Different Channels

Extracting a channel network based on the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is one of the key research topics in digital terrain analysis. However, when the channel area is wide and flat, it is easy to form parallel channels, which seriously affect the accuracy of channel network extraction. To solve this problem, this study proposes a method to identify and eliminate parallel channels extracted by classical methods. First, the channel level in the study area is marked based on the flow accumulation data, and the parallel channels are then identified using the positional relationship between the different channel levels. Finally, the modification point of the identified parallel channels is determined to eliminate the parallel channels, with the help of the change relationship between the parallel channel and its upper-level channel. In this study, two watersheds in southeast China are selected as examples for method verification and analysis. Experimental results show that the parallel channel identification method proposed in this paper can accurately identify all parallel channels and eliminate the identified parallel channels one by one. The location relationship of the modified channels is consistent with the actual situation, indicating that the proposed method has good application potential in DEM-based channel extraction networks.