Context Of Social Change Research Articles

Implikasi Filsafat Aliran Esensialisme Dalam Budaya Pendidikan Indonesia Di Sekolah Dasar

Essentialism is a philosophical school that emphasizes the existence of an essence or essential core in every object, concept, or entity. This school argues that every individual or entity has basic characteristics that determine its identity, which are independent of social context or external changes. Essentialist education includes science, art and everything related to human will. The aim of this research is to determine the influence and implications of essentialism in emphasizing local cultural values, the importance of basic knowledge, and character education which has a positive impact on students' development in facing the challenges of everyday life. The data collection method used was by collecting literature studies in the form of journals and interviewing elementary school teachers at Runiah School to gain a deep understanding of the implications of essentialism in the culture of education in elementary schools. The results of research on essentialism in education encourage the integration of cultural values, basic knowledge including subjects subjects such as mathematics, science, and language. The essentialism approach has a main focus on building student character. There are advantages and disadvantages to this essentialism school. Through this approach, students can develop positive attitudes and good behavior in everyday life while understanding and appreciating the cultural diversity around them and essentialism encouraging the integration of local cultural values, such as mutual cooperation activities, social responsibility, and respect for parents, into the educational curriculum.

Nature, Culture, and the Ideologies of Progress in Anni Kytömäki’s Novel Margarita

The article explores the human-nature relationship in Anni Kytömäki’s novel Margaritain the context of social change in Post-War Finland of the 1950s. In her oeuvre, Kytömäki hasdepicted the history of the modernization of Finnish society especially from the point of viewof nature. Both themes, the reconstruction period and the need for the protection of nature, arepopular in Finnish literature, but rarely combined. The analysis shows that the novel brings criticalperspectives to the mainstream history of Post-War Finland by juxtaposing the ideologies thatinfluenced family planning in the 1950s with the early stages of intensive forestry. In addition,the analysis shows that Margarita is anchored in the notion of a material-semiotic intertwiningof nature and culture that is characteristic of current environmental discourse.

Implementasi Kepemimpinan Berbasis Nilai Budaya Islam dan Budaya Lokal

Leadership based on the values of Islamic culture and local culture is a leadership concept that integrates universal values from Islamic teachings with local wisdom present in society. In this context, leadership emphasizes not only managerial skills but also moral aspects, ethics, and social responsibility aligned with religious teachings and local customs. This article aims to explore the concept and implementation of leadership based on Islamic and local cultural values, as well as the challenges faced in its application. Leadership in Islam stresses the principles of justice, wisdom, and simplicity, which are reflected in the behavior of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and his companions, while local culture provides a context that strengthens social relations and solidarity within the community. Through a literature study, it is found that the application of leadership based on these cultural values can enhance interpersonal relationships, strengthen moral integrity, and create a harmonious work environment in various organizations, both in education and government sectors. However, effective implementation requires a deep understanding of the balance between religious teachings and local wisdom in the changing social context. Therefore, it is essential to adapt these leadership principles according to the dynamics of society without disregarding the core values inherent in both cultures.

The trajectory of kingship institution in Olomu of the Western Delta of Nigeria up to 1995

This study traces the development of the kingship institution in Olomu kingdom of the Urhobo people in the West Niger Delta of Nigeria, from pre-colonial times through 1995, examining how it adapted to changing political and social contexts over this period. It employed the narrative and descriptive historical methods of research based on primary and secondary sources. The narrative approach was used to chronologically recount key events and transitions in Olomu's kingship institution over time. The descriptive method allowed for detailed explanations of the structure, roles, and cultural significance of the kingship at different historical stages. These methods provided a comprehensive historical account of the institution's evolution. Data were collected from oral histories, interviews, and archival materials. The study delves into the processes of succession, the rituals associated with kingship, its role in mediating between the spiritual and temporal realms. It also considers the impact of colonialism and post-colonial policies on kingship, and challenges of modern governance. By 1995, the kingship institution in Olomu had adapted to new realities, preserving key traditional elements. This research contributes to understanding how traditional leadership structures like those in Olomu have navigated change, maintaining relevance and authority within the broader context of Nigerian statehood.

Development of a Refugee Health Research Agenda in North America.

The lack of a cohesive, stakeholder-informed refugee health research agenda has been a barrier to promoting, funding, and conducting health research with refugee populations in North America. A cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals working in refugee health in North America (N = 93) to describe major domains within the field of refugee health research and to develop refugee health research priorities. Open-ended survey questions included: (1) What research topics specific to refugee research would you like to see in an international research agenda? (2) Please describe current and important gaps that you believe exist in refugee research and why? Overarching themes focused on the need for the development of research partnerships with refugee communities that are intentional, effective, and driven by the needs of refugee communities. The survey also identified a need for best practices in creating sustainable, community-based research partnerships (effective models and evidence-based strategies) that translate across 12 domains. The refugee health research priorities for North America described in this manuscript should continue to be modified over time as political, economic, social, and medical contexts change.

사회 문화적 변화의 관점에서 본 1950년대 미국 주방 디자인과 여성의 라이프스타일에 대한 연구

This study delves into the social context and cultural changes of 1950s America to explore the interaction between women’s lifestyles and modern kitchen design. Through literature review, visual material analysis, and case studies, the study examines how adjustments in lifestyle affect women’s design needs in three aspects: physiological, functional, and psychological. Kitchen design has shifted from closed to open layouts to facilitate communication and interaction among family members. Storage solutions have become increasingly functional and personalized, offering housewives a more convenient user experience. Meanwhile, advancements in kitchen technology have reduced labor demands and improved comfort. By analyzing iconic designs such as Future Kitchens, Youngstown Cabinet Design, and Cornell Kitchens, the study explores how these designs responded to changes in women’s lifestyles. The findings reveal a mutually constraining yet facilitating relationship between women’s lifestyles and the development of kitchen design in the context of socio-cultural change, offering new perspectives and ideas for user-centered modern kitchen design.

Komersialisasi Pesantren: Tantangan dan Peluang dalam Mempertahankan Keaslian Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia

This study explores the impact of commercialisation on pesantren education in Java, particularly in maintaining the authenticity of its traditional values. Pesantren are faced with the challenge of modernisation that encourages the adoption of the national curriculum and cooperation with the private sector, which may reduce the focus on religious education. This research uses the literature study method to analyse the challenges and opportunities faced by pesantren. The results show that commercialisation, although it can erode traditional values and increase inequality in access to education, also provides opportunities for pesantren to innovate in curriculum, improve facilities, and adopt modern teaching methods. In conclusion, with the right strategies, pesantren can maintain their identity while adapting to market demands, thus remaining relevant in the changing social and economic context.

프랑스 배심제의 절차와 최근의 쟁점

Sixteen years after the introduction of the “citizen participation in criminal trials” (hereinafter referred to as “jury trials”) in 2008 with the aim of ensuring public participation in the judiciary and resolving judicial distrust, there is now a consensus on the need to improve the system. In particular, the number of completed cases relative to the number of registered cases has been gradually declining since the mid-2010s, raising the need to strengthen the system. At the same time, some have pointed out the constraints of expanding the scope and scale of jury trials under current conditions, while others have emphasized the constraints imposed by the Constitution, which stipulates the right to be tried by a judge. With these issues in mind, this article examines the French jury system, which has been relatively unexplored, from the perspective of a comparative case study as a way to deepen the debate. Korean jury system is characterized as a mix of the Anglo-American jury system and the continental European lay assessor system. French system shares similarities with Korean system in that the role of the judge in jury trials is relatively greater than that in jury trials in common law countries, and in that the judge and jury make decisions at the guilt and punishment phase, although judges are not bound by the jury's verdict in Korean system. The purpose of this study is to examine the origins, history, structure, and current status of the French jury system, as well as recent changes, in order to find implications for improving the Korean jury system. The nature of the changes in the French jury trial system needs to be examined in the context of assessing the relative level of change. In this perspective, it is difficult to characterize the French jury trial reform as a 'success' or a 'failure'. Recent changes can be assessed as an attempt to refine the conditions of citizen participation in order to make the meaning of a jury verdict clearer. However, it is also true that there are conditions that make it difficult to expand the practice of the jury system in terms of procedures and costs of criminal trials, and that it is not easy to implement alternatives to it. In the end, to narrow the gap between normativism and realism, it is necessary to look at the experience of implementing a system in order to create a detailed system. French case can be seen as an attempt to reinterpret the ideology of the supremacy of juries over judges and the principle of people’s participation to reflect changing times and social contexts, and to find mechanisms to realize it. The principle of people's participation itself has never been denied in the waves of changes. That is the most important implication which can be drawn from the review of the French case.

Class and Gender in Older People Care in Rural Yogyakarta

This article explores care arrangements for older people in rural Yogyakarta, comparing and contrasting the experiences of older people in three agrarian classes: significant landowners, petty commodity producers and ‘classes of labour’. The study was conducted in two villages in Kulon Progo and Sleman Regencies. Qualitative interviews, observations, life histories and information on the changing social and economic contexts are used to analyse older people’s roles in social reproduction, the dynamics of intergenerational dependency, and the practicesof older-people care. We found great variation in the age at which engagement in productive and reproductive work declines and people enter the state of dependency. Older people may be receivers, or providers of care for younger dependents. As older people live longer, complex tri- and even quadri-generational care arrangements become more common. Class, gender and intergenerational relations shape care relations and practices. State and community programmes for older people, when functioning properly, can be of great importance to poorer households,even though the access is uneven and they do not always match older people’s care needs. Commodified (purchased) care provision is found in some relatively prosperous households, but rarely in the ‘classes of labour’, the landless and near-landless peasants, and worker households that make up the majority of the population.

Non-ecological factors affect human interaction with urban nature and perception of cultural ecosystem services

Cultural ecosystem services (CESs) are not only affected by ecological factors, but also by non-ecological factors such as demographic and socio-political factors. Especially for CESs in urban ecosystems, it is necessary to study how the people's perception of CESs change during the changes in social contexts and urban management. The COVID-19 outbreak caused dramatic changes for human society. In this study, we evaluated people's perceptions of CESs provided by an urban park of Shanghai in four phases of the pre-, during and post-COVID period. It is found that aesthetic, historical and recreational values are perceived in the four phases, but the distribution of people's perceptions for CESs varied considerably, influenced by the socio-political contexts. Besides, we emphasized the importance of focusing on the CESs perceived during the prohibited use, as this is a rare period when people were separated from the park and can only perceive CESs indirectly. People's perception of CESs through indirect interactions with ecosystems has received little attention in previous research, but it should be valued by mangers to respond the issues of CESs equity.

Continuity and Innovation in Pottery Technology: The Karst Region (North-East Italy) from Neolithic to Early Bronze Age

This paper explores the development of pottery technology in the Trieste Karst region (North-East Italy) from the Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age (EBA). It also seeks to identify cultural links with other areas by examining potentially imported vessels. Archaeometric analyses (X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy) reveal significant differences between Neolithic ceramics (Danilo–Vlaška Group) and the majority of Late Copper Age (LCA)/Early Bronze Age (EBA) pottery (primarily associated with the Ljubljana Culture and a few with the Cetina Culture). Neolithic pottery displays consistent characteristics across all vessel types, including coarse grain, prevalent sparry calcite temper, and the absence of grog. In contrast, most LCA and EBA vessels exhibit distinct features such as very fine-grained paste, no sparry calcite, notable use of grog temper, higher quartz, muscovite, and flint content. Notably, from a technological perspective, the analyzed Cetina vessels bear a strong resemblance to the majority of LCA ceramics. The differences between Neolithic and LCA/EBA vessels clearly suggest the use of new raw materials, recipes, and techniques, likely reflecting changes in cultural and social contexts and potential connections with the core area of the Ljubljana Culture.

The Road to Changes in the Preparation of Law No. 15 of 2019 over Law No. 12 of 2011

This article analyzes the changes that have occurred in drafting legislation in Indonesia through Law No. 15 of 2019 as an amendment to Law No. 12 of 2011. This research evaluates the impact of these changes on public participation, transparency, and regulatory quality. The findings indicate increased public participation, stronger oversight, and improved regulatory quality. The implications of these changes in legal and social contexts are also discussed, along with recommendations for further refinement in drafting legislation in the future.

Understanding Public Sentiment Towards Crypto Assets

This study aims to examine the evolution of public sentiment towards crypto assets. The research approach involves sentiment analysis methodology utilizing the SentiStrength v2.3 software. The data utilized in this study is secondary and obtained from scholarly publications indexed in the Scopus database. A total of 112 scholarly publications related to the research topic were identified. The research findings indicate that positive sentiment accounts for 27%, negative sentiment for 34%, and neutral sentiment contributes 39%. Further analysis reveals that the year 2023 marked a period with the highest number of sentiments, with positive sentiment dominating with 23 sentiments. This sentiment analysis method provides an in-depth understanding of the dynamics of public perception towards crypto assets, and these findings can offer valuable insights into the trends and shifts in sentiment that occur over time. Sentiment analysis can offer deep insights into how cryptocurrencies are perceived by the public and how these perceptions evolve in line with changes in social and economic contexts.

Cybercrimes: An Emerging Category of Offenses within the Frame of the International Criminal Court Jurisdiction

In our interconnected society, crime persists, demanding joint efforts by national and international authorities to detect, prevent, and prosecute criminal activities. Jurisprudential evolution mandates lawmakers to possess a comprehensive legal vision, adapting laws to changing social contexts and emerging criminal methods, especially in technology, including computer technology and Artificial Intelligence (AI). This article comments on the escalating vulnerability of sovereign states and their economies to cyber-attacks. The radical evolution of computer systems has led to new modes of aggression, targeting not only traditional legal assets but also individuals familiar with advanced technology. The emergence of "cyberwarfare" prompts inquiries into potential categorizations within international legal frameworks. Recent global conflicts highlight the potential classification of cyber-attacks on critical infrastructure as war crimes or acts of aggression, urging the International Criminal Court (ICC) to consider incorporating cybercrimes into its core interests. While normative references may lack in existing conventions, the Martens Clause emphasizes treating attacks using technology as equivalent to conventional means. Article 51 of the United Nations Charter implies that cyber weapons could be deemed equivalent to conventional weapons under international law. The article stresses the importance of education and advanced training for legal personnel skilled in identifying cybercrime perpetrators, challenging the ICC to recruit or train individuals with the necessary legal and technical expertise for effective cybersecurity responses. The article briefly explores challenges in conceptualizing and categorizing cybercrimes within existing legal frameworks. The intersection of law and technology necessitates harmonious collaboration between legal and technical experts, acknowledging the intricate web of cyberspace and the implications of cyber threats on global stability and security. In conclusion, the article advocates a fundamental shift in the approach to justice, recognizing the ICC's imperative evolution in addressing cybercrimes. Integrating cybercrimes into the ICC's purview aligns with international law principles, emphasizing the equivalence of cyber weapons to conventional arms. Collaboration between legal and technical experts is essential in navigating the complexities of cybercrimes, ensuring accountability, and upholding justice in the digital age. The article concludes by highlighting the proactive role of the ICC in shaping the future of global justice amid emerging cyber threats.

Unfamiliar families and disturbing climate futures

ABSTRACT Ecomaternalism remains the dominant narrative concerning the role of families in climate politics. The centrality of ecomaternalist narratives to intersectional constructions of race, gender, heteronormativity, and nature means that interrogating and disrupting these dominant representations of families is a crucial task of ecofeminist, postcolonial, and queer political theory. This article explores other ways to narrate familial politics that might challenge rather than reproduce dominant power relations. Examining three Africanfuturist short stories by Nnedi Okorafor (“Spider the Artist”), Tlotlo Tsamaase (“Virtual Snapshots”), and Terh Agbedeh (“Mango Republic”), set in Nigeria and Botswana, I argue that they draw our attention to transformations within cyborg, digitized, and utopian families and social structures, as well as the potential for violence within the heteronormative patriarchal family. They narrate alternative discourses about families in crisis, families as threat, and families as ruination that are rarely articulated in climate politics. In these stories, the family is not the solution to climate politics, but a social relation that will (and should) change as the climatic and social context changes.

Demons, spirits, and haunted landscapes in Palestine

In recent decades, a spectral turn has animated geography and related fields like archaeology, memory studies, and landscape studies, examining how places can be haunted by the ghosts of the past, with heavy emphasis on metaphorical specters and spirits. The geography of spirits and other unseen forces presented here takes a less metaphorical approach to haunted landscapes. This paper examines how spirits have traditionally dwelt within everyday places and objects like trees and stones in Palestine, and how people have sought to cohabitate with or settle such spirits. Attending to the physical geography of the spirit world can shed light on how spaces become sacred through belief and practice, and how sacred spaces are continuously remade within changing social, cultural, and political contexts. Drawing together historical observations by European and Palestinian ethnographers and interweaving the voices of Palestinian elders in the form of recorded oral history testimonies, this paper examines the typologies and environments of spirits and jinn in Palestine, with particular attention to water demons and haunted trees. The paper reflects on how these unseen forces play a role in establishing moral, gendered, and sacred boundaries, while at the same time blurring boundaries between popular religion and religious orthodoxy.

Культурно-историческая теория и социальная психология: перекличка идей

Background. The relevance of the stated topic is determined by two circumstances: the need to determine the main directions of the theoretical and methodological reflection of modern social psychology and the task of explaining the socio-psychological aspects of cultural-historical theory. Objective. Consideration of the relationship between the main ideas of the cultural-historical theory of L.S. Vygotsky and the subject field of social psychology. Methods. The article uses methods of deductive (axiomatic and hypothetico-deductive) and comparative analyses. Results. The main theses of cultural-historical theory set the development and instantiation of the subject field of social psychology, starting with the well-known discussions of the 1920s. The main provisions can be identified as follows: the idea of the internalisation of social relations as a constructive mechanism of human socialisation; understanding the process of communication as instrumentally mediated by a system of signs which act as a means for a social subject to master his social behaviour; approval of the idea of human activity in interaction, the finite task of which is the formation of a common system of meanings. Using the example of similarities and differences in the historical views of L.S. Vygotsky and J.G. Mead, the authors analyse the possible range of understandings of interaction contextuality. It was the attention of cultural-historical theory to the analysis of interaction that largely determined the further interest of social psychology in the problem of “personality and/or situation”, the solution to which is still debatable. Conclusions. The determining role of L.S. Vygotsky’s position for universal social psychology as well as for Russian is associated with the unremitting attention of researchers to one of the fundamental problems in the analysis of man and society, namely, to the problem of human interaction with the surrounding socio-cultural environment. The requirement to consider the social context as a methodological imperative of modern social psychology sets the main direction for the further development of theoretical and methodological reflection. This main direction is the analysis of possible relationships between the social context and social changes, leading to the need for empirical development of two problems: the individual psychological foundations of social choice and a person’s ability to resist the power of the situation.

Развитие теоретических представлений о бедности в китайской социологии

The study of the problem of poverty in China is of sociological significance in the broad context of social changes accompanying the era of reforms. Despite the obvious successes in overcoming total poverty, this phenomenon still persists in the regional territories of the country, which has many reasons and determines the relevance of their consideration by representatives of sociological science. The article offers an analysis of the main theoretical concepts of poverty that exist in the Chinese research environment. At the same time, their evolution is represented: from the resource perception of the causes of poverty to the systematic understanding of the acting factors and their study in aggregate. The author positions the commitment to a comprehensive assessment of the socio-economic conditions of disadvantaged regions in order to eliminate the negative causal factors of the development of their financial problems and reduce the pace of movement of Chinese society towards universal well-being.

From Maternal Preference to Shared Parenting: Child’s Well-Being. Lessons from the USA

The article concerns parenting after divorce or separation within the context of social changes. Special attention is paid to the principle of the welfare of the child, which is the most important criterion for deciding child custody. The child’s welfare is an open concept that grants a wide discretion to courts in choosing the best custodial arrangement for a child in a particular case. In this context, reference was made to the American experience on parenting after family break-up, separation or divorce. In the USA different theories were developed to explain which parenting model best fulfils the principle of the child’s welfare. This article discusses the tender years doctrine, primary care-taker preference, psychological parent doctrine and approximation rule. After a divorce, a mother was usually granted custody and a father paid child-support. He was placed in the background and excluded from the daily activities of his child. Currently, the theory of mother-nurturer and father-breadwinner is coming to an end; the father is no longer the only breadwinner responsible for providing the family an adequate standard for living, and the mother is no longer primarily responsible for the duties of childrearing and household chores. The changes taking place are reflected in struggling for equal treatment in the award of custody and abandoning the stereotypical approaches based on awarding custody automatically to mothers. A significant rise in the number of parents entering into joint custody arrangements is observed.

Teachers of Yuriy Khmelnytskyi

The distribution of social roles in the learning process has long been based on the student’s demonstration of respect for his or her teacher, who is in a patronizing position as a mentor. Over time, the social context changes, but past experiences certainly leave their mark on people’s memories. While the friendly relationship between Bohdan Khmelnytskyi and his teacher is well-known in historiography, we know much less about the teachers of his son, Yuriy. Therefore, it is obvious that there is a need to close this gap.The historiography is dominated by the stereotype that Yuriy Khmelnytskyi studied at the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. However, an analysis of source evidence shows that there is no particular reason to assert this possibility. Such assumptions appeared in Polish historical and literary texts to reflect the character’s specific traits. Then they migrated to the so-called «Cossack chronicles», and through them passed into scientific historical narratives.Among Yuriy Khmelnytskyi’s teachers, researchers usually mention Ioanikii Galiatowskyi and Hilarion Dobrodiashko. Moreover, since the nineteenth century, there is evidence of Havrylo Oleshkovych, who also taught the hetman’s son. All of them were monks, but they had different career paths. A review of the biographies of each of them allows us not only to make a judgment about their teaching in the hetman’s house but also to see whether they later crossed paths with their former student.Galiatowskyi and Oleshkovych were under the protection of Lazar Baranovych. They were both later used as agents of influence in dealing with Yuriy Khmelnytskyi. In 1676, the former was asked by Hetman Ivan Samoilovych to appeal to his former student to give up his political ambitions. In 1661, Bishop Methodius engaged the latter in negotiations with Yuriy in order to persuade the hetman to return to the rule of the Moscow tsar. Dobrodiyashko, on the other hand, was a monk of the Pechersk Monastery. Therefore, he was most likely influenced by Innokentiy Gizel. However, he later left his monastery and found refuge in St. Sophia Monastery under the protection of Bishop Methodius. In this situation, he spoke extremely negatively about his former student for refusing to obey the Moscow tsar and praised the deeds of his new benefactor. By that time, however, Khmelnytskyi had already relinquished his hetman’s powers.