In the dual context of the Community of Shared Future for Mankind and the Unprecedented Changes in a Century, changes in the international situation and cultural dissemination are influencing the evolution of Confucianism in Europe. Reconstructing the translation, dissemination, and evolution of Confucianism in Europe under the backdrop of the new era holds significant importance for the establishment of China’s global image in the era of globalization. This paper explores the essence of Confucianism within the framework of civilizational interaction, examines the transitions and influences of Confucianism in cross-cultural exchanges, analyzes the profound impact of Confucianism in different cultural backgrounds, and emphasizes the value of studying Confucianism under the perspective of civilizational interaction. This paper provides foundational research for the global study of Confucianism.