Changes In Situation Research Articles

A national study of in-hospital preparedness for Mass Casualty Incidents and disasters

PurposeThe current geopolitical situation and climate changes accentuate the importance of health preparedness. The aim was to examine the in-hospital preparedness for Mass Casualty Incidents (MCI) and Major Incidents (MI) on a national level.MethodA web-based, cross-sectional study of in-hospital preparedness for MCI/MI in Norway. All hospitals with trauma function were included with 3 defined representatives, excluding hospitals without trauma function. The survey consisted of 63 questions covering: MCI/MI organisation, education, plans, Surge Capacity, triage and supply management.ResultsThe study had a response rate of 97/112 (87%), representing 35/38 (92%) of the included hospitals. Contingency responsible respondents (CRR) reported that 27/34 (80%) of the hospitals had a contingency responsible function/role and 29/34 (85%) had a Disaster Preparedness Committee. Among CRR, formal MCI/MI education 5/34 (15%) and MCI/MI training 9/34 (26%) was completed. Further, 87/97 (90%) had an all-hazard contingency plan. MCI/MI exercise within the last 2 years was reported by 63/97 (65%). Surge Capacity was assessed within the last 5 years at 6/35 (17%) of the hospitals. MCI/MI material storage was reported by 56/97 (58%).ConclusionMany key aspects of contingency work were found to be well-established. MCI/MI education and training for roles/functions was missing in most hospitals. Areas of improvement detected included Surge Capacity and emergency storage. The results suggest a need for national minimum standards and requirements. National in-hospital MCI/MI preparedness could be monitored by a web-based survey, providing information of pan-European relevance.

Psychological impact and coping mechanisms among sudanese medical students: a study on anxiety, depression, behavioral, and cognitive changes post COVID-19 lockdown and ongoing conflict

IntroductionMental health is crucial for overcoming obstacles, completing tasks, and contributing to society. Mental, social, and cognitive healths are included. In demanding fields like medicine, academic pressure can cause exhaustion, poor performance, and behavioral changes. Mental health must be addressed to improve student success and well-being. Medical students’ coping strategies, anxiety, depression, and behavioral changes in uncontrollable situations will be studied.MethodologyA cross-sectional study involved 393 medical students from various universities in Khartoum. Data was collected using an online questionnaire to assess mental health responses during both controllable and uncontrollable situations across all academic years.ResultsData analysis using SPSS 27 indicated minimal missing data (0.25%) among the 393 participants. PHQ-4 scores assessed psychological distress, anxiety, and depression. The study found that 74.2% of participants experienced behavioral, cognitive, and emotional changes. Significant associations were observed between PHQ-4 scores and these changes (p < .05) using Chi-Square testing. Most participants were females aged 20 to 22, primarily from the Medicine and Pharmacy departments. The study revealed that most individuals utilized pharmacological coping strategies following significant life changes due to uncontrollable situations.ConclusionThe study highlights that women experienced stress, dissatisfaction, concern, and anger more frequently than men during ongoing war and the post-COVID-19 lockdown. Medical students faced substantial challenges in behavior, emotions, and cognition during societal unrest, including fatigue, feelings of failure, and sleep disturbances. Over 74% reported multiple changes in their emotions and behaviors. Coping strategies included nicotine, sleeping aids, socializing, exercise, venting, meditation, and journaling.

Bone Marrow Puncture (BMP): The Initial Step in the Management of Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) encompass a variety of bone marrow disorders characterized by insufficient production of healthy blood cells. Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) represent a cluster of bone marrow conditions where there's a deficiency in generating a sufficient quantity of healthy blood cells. Patients with MDS often exhibit an asymptomatic nature. The clinical manifestations of MDS vary widely depending on the cellular line involved. Infections, bleeding, and anemia are common features of the MDS, while unusual findings include hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. However, the situation changes when the patient progresses to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), leading to a transformation into thrombocytosis. During the process of improving the general condition, on the third day of treatment, the patient experienced a deterioration and unfortunately passed away. The lack of medical and healthcare personnel in Indonesia and the unequal distribution of them are the reasons why patients with rare cases are still far from obtaining their health rights. An important challenge in clinical practice involves distinguishing between primary myelofibrosis and other conditions, as misidentification can delay treatment, potentially leading to patients not receiving necessary healthcare and possibly resulting in fatalities.

Investigating leadership attributes and strategies during times of crisis and educational change: A story of public primary school principals in Lombok, Indonesia

This research aims to investigate the attributes of school principals and how the principals of public primary schools in rural areas in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, demonstrated effective leadership strategies at their respective schools during times of crisis and educational change. This study is based on the stories of school principals’ encounters with challenges during a crisis situation and educational change. The research used a qualitative methodology, namely narrative inquiry, involving four principals from public primary schools in Pringgarata District, Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Data were gathered via semi-structured and in-depth interviews with the participants, conducted either online or in person. The interview data were transcribed manually and then evaluated thematically through a six-step approach. The study found that the school principals attributes are seizing opportunity to learn, openness, collaboration, and inclusivity; driving innovation; meanwhile, the effective strategies that were demonstrated are intra-school and inter-school leadership strategies. The intra-school strategy includes promoting sustainability, maintaining an efficient educational model for the students, employing a home visit program, and distributing leadership responsibilities among school members. The inter-school strategy involves sharing experiences and resources with others, adapting indigenous perspectives, facilitating connections, and establishing strategic partnerships with the local community.

Model of self-regulated learning of students – future teachers based on self-assessment of readiness for professional teaching activities

Introduction. The main requirement for a professional is to constantly learn which is put forward by the modern social situation and constant changes. New learning models based on self-regulation of learning are needed in order to create an educational environment where everyone can achieve success. For effective self-regulated learning of a student, it is important to conduct self-assessment of readiness for professional pedagogical activity. The use of self-assessment of readiness for professional activity of students – future teachers will avoid the destructive use of artificial intelligence products as author’s (non-original qualification, control works, abstracts, essays) in diagnostic procedures, increase the level of responsibility of the student himself for the individual educational result. The study was aimed at developing and testing the implementation efficiency of the self-regulated learning model of students – future teachers based on self-assessment of readiness for professional pedagogical activity. Materials and methods. In order to structure the self-assessment, a survey of 428 students of pedagogical training programs (bachelor’s, master’s, postgraduate) was conducted at the Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin and the State University of Education (Russian Federation). The efficiency of the implementation of the model components was assessed by 106 students who took part in the experimental work. The U-Mann- Whitney criterion and the simplified J. Phillips ROI method were used to analyze the results. Results. A model of self-regulated student learning (components: self-assessment → goal; content; means; methods; forms of organization; stages of the cyclic process) and a toolkit for self-assessment of readiness for professional pedagogical activity have been developed, which can also be useful for individual support, tutoring, and mentoring of future and existing teachers. It has been revealed that the model of self-regulated student learning is more effective in comparison with traditional teaching models. When calculating the Mann-Whitney U criterion, a significant difference was determined between the control and experimental groups (according to the cognitive-technological criterion: U EMP = 217.5 (p≤0.05); according to the motivational-value criterion: U EMP = 204 (p≤0.01); according to the reflexive-technological criterion: U EMP = 190.5 (p≤0.01)). Conclusion. The novelty of the study consists in developing a model of self-regulated learning based on self- assessment of students’ readiness for professional pedagogical activity, which contributes to improving the quality of training of future teachers and the efficiency of the educational process. The results obtained can be used in developing models of self-regulated learning for students in other areas of training.

Demographic Policy in the Kursk Region: A Socio-Economic Analysis

Since the beginning of the 21st century, demographic policy in the regions of the Russian Federation has become one of the most important areas of activity at all levels of government. The objectively formed demand of society for the reproduction of its own population, on the one hand, and the growing depopulation of the Russian population, on the other, significantly affect the socio-demographic stability of the regions. For the Kursk region, as for most subjects of the Russian Federation, the demographic situation acts as a barometer of socio-economic development. Based on a multifactorial analysis, a set of measures to mitigate the growing trends in depopulation of the population of the Kursk region and a qualitative change in the demographic situation has been determined. Measures aimed at increasing the birth rate, measures to reduce the mortality rate, reducing migration from the region, increasing per capita cash income, and reducing unemployment are proposed, the effectiveness of which has been verified and substantiated. Based on the results of the study, it is summarized that the most important feature of the regional demographic policy is the possibility of receiving support measures from both the federal and regional levels. Each region has the right to create its own forms of support aimed at improving the demographic situation, but they should not contradict the federal ones. Considering the specifics of demographic policy measures depend on the territory in which it is implemented, the trends that influence its nature and target orientation.

Analyzing Fiscal Multipliers in the Russian Federation Using a DSGE Model With Jaimovich-Rebelo Preferences

This paper proposes a DSGE model for the Russian economy with a new specification in which the utility function of Ricardian households is described using Jaimovich-Rebelo preferences to reduce the impact of the income effect on labor supply. Along with Ricardian households, the model also considers non-Ricardian households that consume all their current income. The DSGE model depicts a small open economy that consists of two production sectors: domestic and export. The model is realistically calibrated and provides a qualitative analysis of differences in fiscal multipliers under varying conditions for the economy’s functioning in order to identify the impact of different versions of the utility function on the transmission of fiscal policy. Further econometric assessment of the model’s parameters would be required to obtain more accurate estimates of the fiscal multipliers. The conclusion is that, under free flow of capital, government spending on final consumption of goods and services results in multipliers greater than one if the increase in government spending is short-term (1 to 2 quarters), or if the central bank responds to a fiscal shock with monetary stimulus. For public investment and transfers, the multipliers are systematically less than one because much of this expenditure is spent on imports. With strict limits on the movement of capital, the situation changes dramatically; the multipliers for all the types of government spending considered when an increase in it is sustained for one year comes to about 1.5. However, a strong GDP response to government spending shocks typically has serious inflationary consequences. Therefore, the high inflation and rapid recovery of GDP with some signs of overheating observed in recent years can be qualitatively attributed to an expansive fiscal policy in the presence of restrictions on the movement of capital.

The difference between the weak core and the strong core from the design point of view

AbstractFrom a normative viewpoint, there is no compelling reason for preferring the weak over the strong core, and vice versa. However, the situation changes significantly from a mechanism design perspective. We work in a rights structures environment, where the role of the social planner is to allocate rights to individuals or coalitions which allow them to change the status-quo state. While coalitions are irrelevant for implementation in weak core (Koray and Yildiz in J. Econ. Theory 176:479-502, 2018; Korpela et al. in J. Econ. Theory 185:104953, 2020), our results show that they are fundamental for implementation in strong core. We fully characterize the implementation of social choice rules in strong core to outline this distinction. For robustness, we also characterize double implementation in weak and strong core which we show to be equivalent to implementation in weak core. Finally, we show that this equivalence breaks down in the more realistic case of implementation by codes of rights, where the set of states coincides with the set of outcomes.

Участие обучающихся во внеаудиторной деятельности как педагогическое условие формирования профессионального общения

Introduction. The modern development of future police officer's personality is impossible without understanding the essence of professional communication. The article deals with the organisation of educational environment by including students in extracurricular activities. These activities are considered to be a pedagogical condition as an organised set of activities that solve a special task of forming professional communication of a future police officer. The author indicates the main directions of extracurricular activities taking into account the specifics of the educational environment of the educational organisation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (various types of practice, research extracurricular activities, professional and moral education and cultural development, work of lecture groups). Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature and documentary resources, survey (based on A. A. Rukavishnikov's questionnaire of interpersonal relations, testing of students according to the method “Social Distance Scale” (E. Bogardus), questionnaire survey). Results of the research. According to the results of including students in extracurricular activities as a pedagogical condition for forming professional communication the author obtained data indicating the factor “self-orientation”, which showed the tendency to decrease this indicator from 58,18 % to 37,18 % (p=0,01), the change to “orientation to interaction” from 17,44 % to 29,79 % (p=0,01) and “orientation to the task” from 24,54 % to 32,78 % (p=0,05). The positive result in the formation of professional communication was expressed in specially organised directions, forms and methods of work of extracurricular activities, where students had to understand the essence of quality problem solving in interaction and cooperation. The basis included intellectual creativity, ideas and knowledge of the theoretical foundations of the communication process, teamwork with regard to individual preferences. The students who participated in extracurricular activities more often showed initiative in communication, took responsibility (“proactive type”), and controlled emotional and behavioural manifestations from 40,22% to 64,89% (p≥0.01) in communication with different categories of subjects. Thus, among the students included in various directions of extracurricular activities, the effectiveness in the building professional communication, initiative, ability to respond more adequately to changes in the communicative situation with different categories of citizens, to prevent conflict reactions were noted.

Utilization of the Greater Mekong Subregion Cross-Border Transport Agreement (GMS-CBTA)

The aim of this study was to analyze spatial data on the current status and progress in the implementation of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Cross-Border Transport Agreement (CBTA). Problems, obstacles, and opportunities related to the agreement during implementation were examined. This qualitative research was performed using field surveys, stakeholder interviews, and brainstorming in focus groups. The results revealed that there is a need to develop road and rail transportation systems that connect with the customs houses of Mae Sai, Chiang Saen, Chiang Khong, Nakhon Phanom, and Nong Khai in Thailand. Cross-border transportation with neighboring countries needs to be improved as well because the transportation through customs houses is cheap and provides certain schedules. Cross-border regulations were found to be a major obstacle. In order to promote smooth cross-border transportation, negotiations at the state-to-state level and private-to-private level are needed. The connection of logistics networks under the GMS-CBTA framework will be flexible and can be adjusted according to the changing situations in the region and globally. Cooperation of the GMS in the transportation system could provide a mainland link that connects the Indian Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. It could provide a short and fast alternative route that could promote the potential of GMS competition at a global level, enhance bargaining power, and maintain the balance of power in the region.

Образовательные потребности специалистов в области защиты детства в единой программе повышения квалификации

&lt;p&gt;The article is devoted to the analysis of educational needs of specialists in the field of protection of children's rights and interests. The purpose of the study is to identify the general and specific educational needs of specialists in the guardianship and guardianship of minors, the offices of the commissioners for children's rights, organizations for orphans and children left without parental care. The research methodology includes the analysis of data from the opinions of 446 respondents using frequency analysis and the Kraskel&amp;ndash;Wallis criterion. The educational needs common to the groups were identified: knowledge about the forms of child rights protection, methods of identifying children's opinions, preventive work to prevent suicide and the psychology of deviant behavior. The similarity in the development of professional competencies is also shown: the ability to flexibly adapt to changing situations, the ability to interact with representatives of various departments and apply legal and psychological technologies in working with children and their families. The results of the study demonstrate the potential for developing a unified program that can effectively meet the needs of specialists in the context of legislative changes and social transformations.&lt;/p&gt;

Assessment of Organic Matter Influence on the Ecological Integrity of Poyang Lake Using O/E Model and Chemical–Biological Indices over the Past Two Decades

Ecological integrity, encompassing physical, chemical, and biological aspects, is crucial for sustaining ecosystem service functions and stability. As the largest freshwater lake in China, the ecological integrity of Poyang Lake has attracted much attention due to the over-exploitation of its water resources in recent years. In this study, several biological and water quality surveys on water ecological conditions were carried out at 11 sampling points of Poyang Lake from 1998 to 2022, and the ecological health of Poyang Lake was evaluated by use of the O/E (Observation/Expectation) model and the chemical–biological index method according to the status of the water quality and the structure of the benthic fauna in the four seasons, respectively. The results showed that the benthic community structure is simple, and the biodiversity is low, which is mainly dominated by Insecta in Arthropoda and Oligochaeta in Oroidea, accounting for 84.3% and 42.4%, respectively; the results of the O/E index evaluated under the threshold of probability of capture ≥ 0.5 showed that the health grade of all sections was sub-healthy or average, which was consistent with the results of the chemical–biological composite index evaluation. The dual evaluation method of the O/E model and chemical–biological composite index adopted in this study integrates more than twenty years of long-time scale data; this method combined with long time scale data has not been studied before, and its advantage is that it can more objectively show the change in the ecological situation of Poyang Lake for many years. The results of the present study could provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the evaluation of lake water environment quality.

Drivers of car driving: lessons on infrastructure, peer-group, habits and socio-demographics from a survey on car ownership and usage in Germany

AbstractCar ownership is the primary driver of car use, which in turn is the leading contributor to passenger transport sector emissions. Hence, understanding the key determinants of car ownership is crucial to designing a policy framework that will effectively reduce emissions. Based on a 2022 German mobility survey, this study utilizes multinomial logit models to analyse a range of influences on car ownership including socio-demographic and infrastructural factors, respondents’ stated policy responses, and their motives for car ownership. We find that car ownership increases with an individual’s age, income, the share of social contacts owning cars and with smaller towns of residence. Habits, measured as the number of years already spent as a car owner or non-owner emerges as a dominant factor. Our three main insights include: First, car ownership in rural Germany is particularly high and can be effectively reduced by public transport supply measures. Second, situations of radical change—when individuals overcome the force of routine to reflect on their car ownership status – present unique opportunities for policy intervention. And third, isolated or mild policy interventions may only have a limited impact. To significantly influence car ownership levels, policies will likely have to be very stringent.

تصویر رسانه‌یی افغانستان در اروپا (بررسی نمونۀ پولند (لهستان) و ظرفیت‌های تحول مثبت آن در پرتو فرهنگ حقوقی حامی محیط زیست)

Legal and non-legal factors, including religion, influence legal culture. In Europe, it is accepted that religious factors can have a disruptive effect on the legal system. The situation changes if faith carries positive arguments in favour of environmental protection. Thus, environmental legal norms receive additional justification. The example of Afghanistan is interesting because the image of this country in the European media is usually negative. Therefore, the research problem is the question: whether the negative image of Afghanistan can be changed through the involvement of the Afghan government and the Islamic faith in environmental issues. The thesis of the article is that such a change is possible because European societies do not always support the policies of great powers, are knowledgeable about climate change and at the same time are interested in other cultures. Media information from Poland shows that Afghanistan's religiously grounded approach to climate change provides arguments for international aid. An analysis of digital texts and literature was used for this purpose.

Переживания тревожности младших школьников на этапе окончания начальной школы

&lt;p&gt;This article is dedicated to studying the features of anxiety experienced by fourth graders at the end of their primary school stage. In the theoretical part of the article, the concept of &amp;ldquo;anxiety&amp;rdquo; is analyzed, its factors are highlighted, the features of changes in the social situation of the development and maturation of children at the stage of preparing and performing certification work based on the results of training in primary school (VPR), and its influence on the emotional state of 4th grade schoolchildren are outlined. The empirical part of the article is presented by a description of the results of a research aimed at studying not only school anxiety, but also other types of anxiety (general, self-esteem, interpersonal and magical) at the end of primary school. The sample consisted of 52 subjects: 23 boys and 29 girls. For diagnosis, the &amp;ldquo;Personal Anxiety Scale&amp;rdquo; method (A.M. Prikhozhan) and a diagnostic conversation were used. The diagnostic results serve as the basis for psychological prevention and correction of anxiety in 4th grade schoolchildren at the end of primary school, and act as guidelines for to determine guidelines for determining recommendations for the creation of psychological and pedagogical conditions for the successful adaptation of younger schoolchildren during the transition to secondary school.&lt;/p&gt;

An Event Study on Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Indian Banking Sector Stock

Aim: To study the impact of the Russia-Ukraine event on the performance of banking sector stocks. Study Designs: The descriptive statistical analysis has been done for six selected banks and is based on the Russia-Ukraine war. Study employs event analysis method for analysis. Place and Duration of Study: The secondary data has been downloaded from the NSE site, and the study duration is pre- and post-90 days from the event day and 120 days for the event window and 210 days for the estimation window has been considered. Methodology: The event analysis method has been used in which a paired t-test has been employed. We have checked significant at a p-value of 0.10 (10% level). Significant at p-value of 0.05 (5% level) Significant at p-value of 0.01 (1% level). Results: By examining a wide range of degrees of relationship between the two variables, we have tried to analyze how financial markets respond to changes in the warlike situation and how conditions impact asset prices. The results show the impact of the event before and after the event date. This analysis fills the gap in understanding event-specific impacts on financial institutions. Conclusion: The study provides insights into whether market behavior remained stable (null hypothesis accepted) or displayed volatility (alternate hypothesis accepted) across 90 days for global crises like the Russia-Ukraine war. The findings of the research have implications for the banking sector of India, policymakers, investors, and researchers. The research provides numerical and non-numerical information that other researchers can employ for cross-study analysis or for verifying theories. Lingering questions from the investors, including those in search of portfolio diversification strategies and the right time to invest. The discovery empowers the firms to have better policies inside and better relations outside, with customers and other stakeholders, such as during the change in monetary policy or in external shocks.

HATE CRIMES AS A CULTURAL PHENOMENON: THE EXPERIENCE OF LATVIAN SOCIETY

Changes in the international situation during the last decades have become the reason for new conflicts and aggravations at the national level. The 2015 European migrant crisis (Refugee crisis), 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine have become a catalyst for increase in hate crimes. In order to recognize the criminal offense as a hate crime in the sense of the Latvian regulatory framework, it is necessary to establish two criteria: (a) the composition of the criminal offence is included in the Criminal Law; (b) a motive of hatred against a particular protected group of society can be stated in the criminal offence. It is the motive – hate or prejudice – that distinguishes hate crimes from other types of crimes.Prejudice is a negative assessment of a social group and its members. These are objectively unfounded assumptions and erroneous generalizations that, in the opinion of the offender, separate the representatives of this group from the rest of society. Persistent prejudices are called stereotypes. Unlike prejudice, stereotypes are not necessarily negative in nature. However, stereotypes are not based on objective truth either. It follows from court practice that hate crimes were directed against several groups of Latvian society: against ethnic groups (Latvians, Russians, Ukrainians, Jews, Gypsies or Roma, etc.), against representatives of various religious denominations, against asylum seekers, against people from other countries, against sexual minorities as well as against other groups. Stereotypes are often based on personal or negative cultural experiences of previous generations.In this context, it can be mentioned that it is specifically culture that is the basic factor according to which it is possible to understand, identify and reduce hate speech. Professor Aleksandrs Krugļevskis believed that with a change in cultural understanding, expanding public participation in cultural processes, the level of legal awareness will rise and tendencies, intentions to commit a criminal offense will disappear. Criminal law as a cultural factor creates a system that corresponds to the level of education and culture of the people. The above also corresponds to the vision of Latvia’s cohesive society policy “Guidelines for Cohesive and Active Civil Society 2021–2027”: mutual trust, participation, and cooperation between different social groups have improved among Latvian residents, and the level of tolerance has increased, stereotypes and prejudices against different social group representatives have decreased.Statistical data show that since the start of the war in Ukraine, the number of registered hate crimes in Latvia has increased. These show the relevance of the chosen topic. The authors of the article offer their vision of the problem of hate crimes, studying hate crimes as a cultural phenomenon, paying special attention to the experience of Latvian society in this area.

REACTOR NOZZLES AREA BIOLOGICAL SHIELDING ASSESSMENT OF THE ZNPP UNIT 5 FOR THE PURPOSE OF EXTENDING SERVICE LIFE

Extension of the service life of nuclear power plants in Ukraine beyond the design life, as in most countries operating nuclear power units, is an accepted strategy and is being implemented in practice. In this regard, verification calculations are needed to determine the service life of the main elements of power equipment. The paper is devoted to determining the causes and mechanisms of the ageing of the biological protection elements of the spigot zone and developing measures to manage the ageing of the biological protection of the spigot zone. An attempt was made to develop a calculation justification for the residual life of the biological protection of the spigot zone, based on which it is possible to conclude that the life of the biological protection can be extended. The work was carried out by adapting the results of the reporting documentation related to determining the effectiveness and reassignment of the service life of biological protection of ZNPP Units 1-4. The technical condition of the biological protection elements was assessed based on the data of gamma radiation effective dose rate (EDR) based on measurements on standard stationary dose rate sensors in the GA701 room for a ten-year period of operation. The method of ‘relaxation lengths’ was used to determine the group of technical condition parameters that determine protection against neutron radiation in the area of the spigots. Recursive analysis of changes in the radiation situation at ZNPP Unit 5 was performed to assess the degree of degradation of biological protection elements during the operating period, which allowed to assess the regularities of the radiation situation development at the unit and to predict changes in the parameters of the BP for short- and long-term periods. The results of the technical condition assessment allow us to recommend extending the lifetime of Zaporizhzhia NPP Unit 5 (in terms of compliance with the biological protection of the spigot area of the reactor) for an over-design period of up to 50 years.

Unfulfilled Dreams? The Financial Situation of Workers in Paris and the Department of Loir-et-Cher between 1789 and 1795

The convening of the Estates General in France in 1789 raised high hopes in French society for change. The economic demands written down in the ledgers of complaints, such as the abolition of the guild system, the unification of taxes and their more equitable distribution, the abolition of customs duties and fees within the kingdom, can be categorized as inclusive economic institutions. Their introduction in France during the Revolution was expected to translate into an improvement in the financial conditions of the population. The purpose of this article is to present the changing financial situation of workers in Paris and the department of Loir-et-Cher between 1789 and 1795 in the context of the aforementioned institutions. Data from a survey of prices and wages conducted at the behest of the Committee of Public Safety, Paris police reports of 1795 and depreciation tables were used to show the change in the financial position of working families during the French Revolution. Demands from the ledgers of complaints against the Estates General of 1789 were used to determine the title workers' "dreams." Assessing the change in the financial situation of workers required calculations that took into account, among other things, the size of the average working family's demand for foodstuffs or the change in France regarding the number of working days per year after the elimination of the old holidays and the introduction of the republican calendar. During the period under review, the financial situation of workers in the Loir-et-Cher department worsened due to high inflation – turning at times into hyperinflation – despite the implementation of most of the demands of the ledgers of complaints by the revolutionary authorities. In the case of Paris, the assessment is not so clear-cut. Thanks to the rationing of bread and meat in the capital, and their sale at a discounted price by the authorities, the living conditions of working families in 1795 were better or comparable to those at the beginning of the revolution. The article sheds new light on the changing financial situation of workers in Paris and the department of Loir-et-Cher in the context of the implementation of workers' demands recorded during the revolution in the ledgers of complaints to the Estates General of 1789, thus filling a gap in historiography.

Implementation of Business Intelligence In Planet Helmet Cilacap Sales

Helmets are used to anticipate serious injuries when traffic accidents occur. In several cities and villages, various helmet businesses have begun to emerge. The increasing number of residents and motorized vehicles in Indonesia provides business opportunities in the helmet business. The increasingly competitive business market challenges companies to be able to adapt to changing market conditions and diverse buyer needs. For this reason, companies must be able to respond quickly and accurately, consider the costs incurred to remain conducive, and have a strategy in decision-making that can provide solutions to changes in the current market situation to survive in the long term. Therefore, companies must be able to respond quickly and accurately, consider the costs incurred to remain conducive, and have a strategy in decision-making so that companies can survive in the long term. The implementation of business intelligence in this study uses the Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) method, namely the use of Extraction Transformation Loading (ETL), creating a data warehouse, analyzing data for users and user interfaces in the form of information visualization using the Laravel framework. Planet Helm currently needs to manage its sales data visualization digitally. This is an obstacle for leaders in managing inventory needs, and helmet sales are less effective and efficient, requiring the digitalization of web-based business intelligence management. The results of this study are in the form of a dashboard display consisting of a minimum of 7 stock widgets, average monthly sales, popular brand graphs, and monthly sales graphs.